International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management

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Mixed Effect of Provenance and Stand Age on the Germination of Teak (Tectona grandis) Seeds in Ghana

Received: 31 October 2016    Accepted: 14 November 2016    Published: 08 December 2016
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Abstract

Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantations developers in Ghana have difficulty in selecting teak seeds from ecological sources and maternal ages that could guarantee optimum germination rates. To fill this knowledge gaps and contribute knowledge on germination characteristics of teak seeds in Ghana, we studied the effects of age of the maternal tree, the ecological zone of the mother tree, and the combination of the two on germination rates of teak seeds. We collected teak seeds from 10, 15, and 20-year-old healthy teak stands in the Savannah Zone (SZ), Transitional Zone (TZ), and the High Forest Zone (HFZ) of Ghana for this study. Fifty seeds from each maternal age for each ecological source were pretreated and sown in nine replicates using a completely randomized design in a factorial experiment with 2-factor treatment combination (age and ecological source). Our findings show that germination rate of seeds from the three maternal ages in the SZ was not different. The SZ also recorded the lowest overall germination rate among the three ecological zones studied. In the TZ, germination rate was not different between 10 years (47.33%) and 15 years (45.33%) maternal stands but both were significantly (p<0.01) higher than 20 years old (34.22%) maternal stands. The TZ recorded intermediate overall germination rates, which are higher than SZ but lower than HFZ. Germination rate was not different between 15 years old (88.00%) and 20 years old (94.44%) in the HFZ but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than 10 years old (41.56%). Moreover, the HFZ recorded the highest overall germination rate among the three ecological zones studied. Our findings further show that seed source (ecological zone), the age of the maternal teak tree, and the interaction of both, have significant (p<0.01) effects on germination rate of teak seeds. More importantly, the effects of age of maternal tree on germination rate was found to be dependent on the ecological zone in which it is located as same maternal age trees recorded different germination rates in different ecological zones. Interaction plot of age and the ecological zone of maternal teak plant produced the highest germination rate at the combination of HFZ with 15 and 20-year-old teak stands. We recommend that teak plantation developers in Ghana select teak seeds from 15 years and above in the High Forest Zone for optimum germination rates.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16
Published in International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016)
Page(s) 188-194
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Provenance, Nurseries, Climatic Conditions

References
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Author Information
  • Institute of Ecosystem Research, Christian Albrecht’s Universitat, Kiel, Germany

  • Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany

  • Forest Services Division, Mankranso, Ghana

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    Frederick Gyasi Damptey, Osei Richard, Kwabena Adu Bonnah. (2016). Mixed Effect of Provenance and Stand Age on the Germination of Teak (Tectona grandis) Seeds in Ghana. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 1(4), 188-194. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16

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    Frederick Gyasi Damptey; Osei Richard; Kwabena Adu Bonnah. Mixed Effect of Provenance and Stand Age on the Germination of Teak (Tectona grandis) Seeds in Ghana. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2016, 1(4), 188-194. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16

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    AMA Style

    Frederick Gyasi Damptey, Osei Richard, Kwabena Adu Bonnah. Mixed Effect of Provenance and Stand Age on the Germination of Teak (Tectona grandis) Seeds in Ghana. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2016;1(4):188-194. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16,
      author = {Frederick Gyasi Damptey and Osei Richard and Kwabena Adu Bonnah},
      title = {Mixed Effect of Provenance and Stand Age on the Germination of Teak (Tectona grandis) Seeds in Ghana},
      journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
      volume = {1},
      number = {4},
      pages = {188-194},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20160104.16},
      abstract = {Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantations developers in Ghana have difficulty in selecting teak seeds from ecological sources and maternal ages that could guarantee optimum germination rates. To fill this knowledge gaps and contribute knowledge on germination characteristics of teak seeds in Ghana, we studied the effects of age of the maternal tree, the ecological zone of the mother tree, and the combination of the two on germination rates of teak seeds. We collected teak seeds from 10, 15, and 20-year-old healthy teak stands in the Savannah Zone (SZ), Transitional Zone (TZ), and the High Forest Zone (HFZ) of Ghana for this study. Fifty seeds from each maternal age for each ecological source were pretreated and sown in nine replicates using a completely randomized design in a factorial experiment with 2-factor treatment combination (age and ecological source). Our findings show that germination rate of seeds from the three maternal ages in the SZ was not different. The SZ also recorded the lowest overall germination rate among the three ecological zones studied. In the TZ, germination rate was not different between 10 years (47.33%) and 15 years (45.33%) maternal stands but both were significantly (p<0.01) higher than 20 years old (34.22%) maternal stands. The TZ recorded intermediate overall germination rates, which are higher than SZ but lower than HFZ. Germination rate was not different between 15 years old (88.00%) and 20 years old (94.44%) in the HFZ but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than 10 years old (41.56%). Moreover, the HFZ recorded the highest overall germination rate among the three ecological zones studied. Our findings further show that seed source (ecological zone), the age of the maternal teak tree, and the interaction of both, have significant (p<0.01) effects on germination rate of teak seeds. More importantly, the effects of age of maternal tree on germination rate was found to be dependent on the ecological zone in which it is located as same maternal age trees recorded different germination rates in different ecological zones. Interaction plot of age and the ecological zone of maternal teak plant produced the highest germination rate at the combination of HFZ with 15 and 20-year-old teak stands. We recommend that teak plantation developers in Ghana select teak seeds from 15 years and above in the High Forest Zone for optimum germination rates.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Mixed Effect of Provenance and Stand Age on the Germination of Teak (Tectona grandis) Seeds in Ghana
    AU  - Frederick Gyasi Damptey
    AU  - Osei Richard
    AU  - Kwabena Adu Bonnah
    Y1  - 2016/12/08
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16
    T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    SP  - 188
    EP  - 194
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-3061
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16
    AB  - Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantations developers in Ghana have difficulty in selecting teak seeds from ecological sources and maternal ages that could guarantee optimum germination rates. To fill this knowledge gaps and contribute knowledge on germination characteristics of teak seeds in Ghana, we studied the effects of age of the maternal tree, the ecological zone of the mother tree, and the combination of the two on germination rates of teak seeds. We collected teak seeds from 10, 15, and 20-year-old healthy teak stands in the Savannah Zone (SZ), Transitional Zone (TZ), and the High Forest Zone (HFZ) of Ghana for this study. Fifty seeds from each maternal age for each ecological source were pretreated and sown in nine replicates using a completely randomized design in a factorial experiment with 2-factor treatment combination (age and ecological source). Our findings show that germination rate of seeds from the three maternal ages in the SZ was not different. The SZ also recorded the lowest overall germination rate among the three ecological zones studied. In the TZ, germination rate was not different between 10 years (47.33%) and 15 years (45.33%) maternal stands but both were significantly (p<0.01) higher than 20 years old (34.22%) maternal stands. The TZ recorded intermediate overall germination rates, which are higher than SZ but lower than HFZ. Germination rate was not different between 15 years old (88.00%) and 20 years old (94.44%) in the HFZ but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than 10 years old (41.56%). Moreover, the HFZ recorded the highest overall germination rate among the three ecological zones studied. Our findings further show that seed source (ecological zone), the age of the maternal teak tree, and the interaction of both, have significant (p<0.01) effects on germination rate of teak seeds. More importantly, the effects of age of maternal tree on germination rate was found to be dependent on the ecological zone in which it is located as same maternal age trees recorded different germination rates in different ecological zones. Interaction plot of age and the ecological zone of maternal teak plant produced the highest germination rate at the combination of HFZ with 15 and 20-year-old teak stands. We recommend that teak plantation developers in Ghana select teak seeds from 15 years and above in the High Forest Zone for optimum germination rates.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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