Plant

| Peer-Reviewed |

Phytochemical Analysis of Nigerian and Egyptian Henna (Lawsonia Inermis L.) Leaves using TLC, FTIR and GCMS

Received: 25 March 2014    Accepted: 16 April 2014    Published: 10 May 2014
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

This study designed to compare phytochemicals for both Nigerian and Egyptian henna using preliminary test for secondary metabolites, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) commonly called henna known for its cosmetic properties. The active ingredients in the leaves were extracted and fractionated using chloroform, ether, methanol, and ethyl-acetate. The resultant fractions primarily analyzed for secondary metabolites and secondarily. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, quinines, resins and sterols. The presence or absence of all the phytochemicals in these solvents was more or less similar between both samples. TLC profiling shows 9 bands of chemical compounds that are significantly similar in both samples. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of 8 functional in both samples and an additional of aliphaticiodo compound in Egyptian sample. Sixteen and seventeen compounds identified in Nigerian and Egyptian samples respectively by GCMS analysis. Lawsone (2-hydroxy 1, 2-naphtoquinone) is one out of 7 common chemical compounds identified in both samples. The common compound identified by TLC, FTIR, and GCMS were found to be significantly similar in both quantity and quality. Thus, the research confirmed henna to be an important source of phytochemicals of immense pharmaceutical significance.

DOI 10.11648/j.plant.20140203.11
Published in Plant (Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014)
Page(s) 27-32
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Henna, Lawsonia Inermis, Phytochemicals, Nigeria, Egypt

References
[1] Abdelraouf, A. Amany and A. Nedaa, “Antibacterial, Antifungal and Synergistic Effect of Lawsonia inermis, Punicagranatum and Hibiscus sabdariffaو” Annals of Alquds Medicine. 2011 (7): 33-41.
[2] Z . Emin, and O. Mehmet, “A Miracle Plant for the Herbal Pharmacy; Henna (Lawsonia inermis)”, International Journal of Pharmacology”, 2012. 8: 483-489.
[3] G. Awek, and S. TapapulLekoyiet, “Lawsonia inermis L”. National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya, 2005 Pp 722.
[4] M. A. Ayatollahi, H. Abdolahi, and N. Kazemii, “Investigation of antifungal activity of 10 methanol extracts of medicinal herbs.” Journal of Kerman University Medical Sciences, 1996, 3(3): 115-22.
[5] L. G. Gibbons, N. G. Gopalla, R. H., Hunter, A . K., Kerr, and P. M. Mulrey, “Plants encyclopedia”. First American Edition, US. 2004, Pp232.
[6] J. E. Simon, A. F. Chad-wick, and L. E. Craker, “The scientific Literature on selected herbs,” Aromatic and Medicinal plants of the Temperate Zone. Archon Books, Hamden city herbs: An indexed bibliography, 1984, Pp770.
[7] M. E. Tattoo, “Analysis of the henna plant,” Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2006, 77(1): 67-72.
[8] M. R. Iyer, S. C. Pal, V. S. Kasture and S. B. Kasture, “Effect of Lawsonia inermis on memory and behaviour mediated via Monoamine neurotransmit-ters,” Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 1998, 30(3):181-185.
[9] R. Hema, S. Kumaravel and N. Gomathi, “Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic analysis of Lawsonia inermis Leaves,” New York Science Journal, 2010. 3(12): 99-101.
[10] M. Ibrahim, A. J. Hameed, and A. Jalbout, “Molecular Spectroscopic Study of River Nile Sediment in the Greater Cairo Region,” Applied Spectroscop, 2008, 62(3): 306-311.
[11] P. Arun, K. G. Purushotham, J. Jayarani and V. Kumari, “In vitro Antibacterial activity and Flavonoid contents of Lawsonia inermis (Henna),” International Journal of Pharmaceutica Technology Research, 2010. 2(2):1178-1181.
[12] Fariba B., R. Has-san and E. Homeyra, “In vitro study of the effects of henna extracts (Lawsonia inermis) on Ma-lassezia species,” Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2010, 3(3): 125-128.
[13] H. Kawo and A. M. Kwa, “Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of the aqueous extracts and frac-tions of ethanolic extracts of Lawsonia inermis Leaf,” International Research Journal of Microbi-ology, 2011, 2(12): 510-516.
[14] Evans W. C. and Trease (1999). “Pharmacognosy,” 14th Edi-tion, Bailiere Tindal W. B. Sauders company ltd; London, Pp. 224-275.
[15] Priyanka P. and I. Rakesh, andR. Upadhyay “Physico-chemical and preliminary phytochemical screening of Psoralea corylifolia,” Arch. Appl. Sci. Res, 2013, 5 (2):261-265.
[16] O. Aiyelaagbe and P. M. Osamu-diamen, “Phytochemical Screening for Active Compounds in Mangifera indica Leaves from Ibadan, Oyo State,” Plant Sciences Research, 2009, 1(2): 11-13.
[17] P. M. Denwick, “Natural Products” A Biosynthetic Approach. 2nd Edn., John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., England, 2002, Pp: 241-243.
[18] E. Heslem, “Plant Polyphenol: Vegetal Tannin Telisted-Chemistry and Pharma-cology of Natural Products,” 1st Edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1989, pp: 169.
[19] Y. V., Singh, S., Kumar and M. Singh, “Agro History, Uses, Ecology and Dis-tribution of Henna (Lawsonia inermis),” Jodpur, India. Central and Arid-zone Research Institute, 2005, Pp 11-12.
[20] Manikanta, K. Akshata, K. Rohini, K. Azeemuddin and N. Manjunath, “Analytical Estimation of Secondary Metabolites In Lawsonia inermis Leaves,” American Journal of Pharmtech Research, 2013, 3(5): 2249-3387.
[21] E. Musa, and G. A. Gasmelseed, “Cha-racterization of Lawsonia inermis (Henna) as Vegetable Tanning,” Journal of Forest Products & Industries, 2012, 1(2): 35-40.
[22] R. Ashokkumar, and M. Ramaswamy, “Comparative study on the antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of four selected Indian medicinal plants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium restrictum,” Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 2013, 3(2): 1376-1381.
[23] D. C. Peter, K. L. Lesage and P. Sarkar, “Application of aryl disulfides for the mitigation of sulfur deposition in sour gas wells,” Journal of Energy Fuels, 1989, 3 (3): 315–320.
[24] S. Collins, S. C. Sumner, S. J. Borghoff and M. A. Medinsky, “A physiological model for tert-amyl methyl ether and tert-amyl alcohol Hypothesis testing of model structures". Toxicological sciences. Journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1999, 49 (1): 15–28.
[25] Abulyazid, M. E. Elsayed Mahdy and A. M. Ragaa, “Biochemical study for the effect of henna (Lawsonia inermis) on Escherichia coli Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2013, 3 (6): 265–273.
[26] G. Reneta, “Determination of natural colorants in plant extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 2010, 75 (7) 903–915.
[27] Upadhyay, A. K., Dhaker, K. P. Singhand A. Kumar, “Phytochemical analysis and influence of edaphic factors on lawsone content of Lawsonia inermis,” Journal of Phytology, 2010, 2(6): 47–54.
Author Information
  • Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Nigeria

  • Department of Natural Resources, Institute of African Research and Studies, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

  • Department of Natural Resources, Institute of African Research and Studies, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

  • Medical and Aromatic Plants Unit, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

  • Medicinal and Ornamental Plant, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Nasir Hassan Wagini, Amira Shawky Soliman, Mohamed Said Abbas, Yasser Adel Hanafy, El-Saady Mohamed Badawy. (2014). Phytochemical Analysis of Nigerian and Egyptian Henna (Lawsonia Inermis L.) Leaves using TLC, FTIR and GCMS. Plant, 2(3), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Nasir Hassan Wagini; Amira Shawky Soliman; Mohamed Said Abbas; Yasser Adel Hanafy; El-Saady Mohamed Badawy. Phytochemical Analysis of Nigerian and Egyptian Henna (Lawsonia Inermis L.) Leaves using TLC, FTIR and GCMS. Plant. 2014, 2(3), 27-32. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20140203.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Nasir Hassan Wagini, Amira Shawky Soliman, Mohamed Said Abbas, Yasser Adel Hanafy, El-Saady Mohamed Badawy. Phytochemical Analysis of Nigerian and Egyptian Henna (Lawsonia Inermis L.) Leaves using TLC, FTIR and GCMS. Plant. 2014;2(3):27-32. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20140203.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.plant.20140203.11,
      author = {Nasir Hassan Wagini and Amira Shawky Soliman and Mohamed Said Abbas and Yasser Adel Hanafy and El-Saady Mohamed Badawy},
      title = {Phytochemical Analysis of Nigerian and Egyptian Henna (Lawsonia Inermis L.) Leaves using TLC, FTIR and GCMS},
      journal = {Plant},
      volume = {2},
      number = {3},
      pages = {27-32},
      doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20140203.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20140203.11},
      abstract = {This study designed to compare phytochemicals for both Nigerian and Egyptian henna using preliminary test for secondary metabolites, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) commonly called henna known for its cosmetic properties. The active ingredients in the leaves were extracted and fractionated using chloroform, ether, methanol, and ethyl-acetate. The resultant fractions primarily analyzed for secondary metabolites and secondarily. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, quinines, resins and sterols. The presence or absence of all the phytochemicals in these solvents was more or less similar between both samples. TLC profiling shows 9 bands of chemical compounds that are significantly similar in both samples. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of 8 functional in both samples and an additional of aliphaticiodo compound in Egyptian sample. Sixteen and seventeen compounds identified in Nigerian and Egyptian samples respectively by GCMS analysis. Lawsone (2-hydroxy 1, 2-naphtoquinone) is one out of 7 common chemical compounds identified in both samples. The common compound identified by TLC, FTIR, and GCMS were found to be significantly similar in both quantity and quality. Thus, the research confirmed henna to be an important source of phytochemicals of immense pharmaceutical significance.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Phytochemical Analysis of Nigerian and Egyptian Henna (Lawsonia Inermis L.) Leaves using TLC, FTIR and GCMS
    AU  - Nasir Hassan Wagini
    AU  - Amira Shawky Soliman
    AU  - Mohamed Said Abbas
    AU  - Yasser Adel Hanafy
    AU  - El-Saady Mohamed Badawy
    Y1  - 2014/05/10
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20140203.11
    T2  - Plant
    JF  - Plant
    JO  - Plant
    SP  - 27
    EP  - 32
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2331-0677
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.11
    AB  - This study designed to compare phytochemicals for both Nigerian and Egyptian henna using preliminary test for secondary metabolites, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) commonly called henna known for its cosmetic properties. The active ingredients in the leaves were extracted and fractionated using chloroform, ether, methanol, and ethyl-acetate. The resultant fractions primarily analyzed for secondary metabolites and secondarily. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, quinines, resins and sterols. The presence or absence of all the phytochemicals in these solvents was more or less similar between both samples. TLC profiling shows 9 bands of chemical compounds that are significantly similar in both samples. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of 8 functional in both samples and an additional of aliphaticiodo compound in Egyptian sample. Sixteen and seventeen compounds identified in Nigerian and Egyptian samples respectively by GCMS analysis. Lawsone (2-hydroxy 1, 2-naphtoquinone) is one out of 7 common chemical compounds identified in both samples. The common compound identified by TLC, FTIR, and GCMS were found to be significantly similar in both quantity and quality. Thus, the research confirmed henna to be an important source of phytochemicals of immense pharmaceutical significance.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections