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Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya

Received: 29 September 2016    Accepted: 11 October 2016    Published: 07 November 2016
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Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) is an important food staple in Busia, Homabay, Siaya, Migori, Kwale, Kilifi and Marakwet Counties and is a secondary food crop for many Kenyans. The current yields of 3-4 tons/ha obtained in Western Kenya are far below world averages and this is largely attributed to pests and diseases. The usual practice of retaining some seed cuttings from the current ware crop or buying them from neighbours, leads to accumulation of viral diseases most important of which are caused by begomovirus infections. A survey for cassava mosaic disease (CMD) was carried out in main cassava growing areas of Western Kenya with a view to determine incidence and distribution of the causal viruses. A total of 33 cassava farms in seven sub-counties in Western Kenya were covered. Leaf samples were collected and analysed serologically and by molecular means. Cassava plants in most farms were severely affected by cassava mosaic disease. Disease incidence in farms ranged between 2% to 54%. Three cassava infecting begomoviruses, African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV), East African Cassava Mosaic Virus (EACMV) and East African Cassava Mosaic Virus – Ugandan variant (EACMV-Ug) were found in the collected samples, with EACMV-Ug being most prevalent followed by EACMV. These are interesting findings given that in the past surveys, ACMV was the most abundant virus in the area. To increase cassava yields, it is recommended that cassava farmers be educated on cassava diseases and their control.

DOI 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18
Published in Plant (Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016)
Page(s) 108-113
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Begomoviruses, Western Kenya, Manihot Esculenta

References
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[3] H. K. Were, “Serological and Molecular Characterisation of begomoviruses infecting cassava (Mannihot esculenta Crantz) in Africa”, PhD Thesis, 2001.
[4] X. Zhou, Y. Liu, L. Calvert, C. Munoz, G. W. Otim-Nape, D. J. Robinson, and B. D. Harrison, “Evidence that DNA A of a geminivirus associated with severe cassava mosaic disease in Uganda has arisen by inter-specific recombination”, Journal of General Virology, 78:210, 1997.
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[10] H. K. Were, J. Kabira, Z. M. Kinyua, F. M. Olubayo, B. Imbuga, J. Karinga, J. Aura, A. K. Lees, G. H. Cowan and L. Torrance, “Occurrence and distribution of potato pests and diseases in Kenya”, Potato Research, 56:325-342, 2014.
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[13] H. M. Obiero, J. A. B. Whyte, J. P. Legg, M. S. Akhwale, J. Malinga and T. Magut, 2007. “Successful restoration of cassava production in Western Kenya”, Proceedings of the 13th ISTRC Symposium, pp. 682 – 685, 2007.
[14] R. J. Hillocks, J. M. Thresh and A. C. Belloti, “Cassava biology, production and utilization” CABI, Wallingford, pp 41-54, 2002.
[15] M. M. Manyi, K. N. Kabwe, B. Claude, T. D. Patrick, S. Winter and A. K. Mbuyi, “Incidence, Severity and Gravity of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Savannah Agro-Ecological Region of DR-Congo: Analysis of Agro-Environmental Factors”, American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3: 512-519, 2012.
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Author Information
  • Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Kibabii University, Bungoma, Kenya

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

  • Leibniz-Institute DSMZ Plant, Virus Department, Braunschweig, Germany

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mariam Nyongesa Were, Benard Mukoye, Aggrey Keya Osogo, Bonphace Collins Mangeni, Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu, et al. (2016). Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya. Plant, 4(6), 108-113. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18

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    ACS Style

    Mariam Nyongesa Were; Benard Mukoye; Aggrey Keya Osogo; Bonphace Collins Mangeni; Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu, et al. Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya. Plant. 2016, 4(6), 108-113. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18

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    AMA Style

    Mariam Nyongesa Were, Benard Mukoye, Aggrey Keya Osogo, Bonphace Collins Mangeni, Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu, et al. Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya. Plant. 2016;4(6):108-113. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18,
      author = {Mariam Nyongesa Were and Benard Mukoye and Aggrey Keya Osogo and Bonphace Collins Mangeni and Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu and Vitalis Kalor Ogemah and John Vincent Muoma and Stephan Winter and Hassan Karakacha Were},
      title = {Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya},
      journal = {Plant},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {108-113},
      doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20160406.18},
      abstract = {Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) is an important food staple in Busia, Homabay, Siaya, Migori, Kwale, Kilifi and Marakwet Counties and is a secondary food crop for many Kenyans. The current yields of 3-4 tons/ha obtained in Western Kenya are far below world averages and this is largely attributed to pests and diseases. The usual practice of retaining some seed cuttings from the current ware crop or buying them from neighbours, leads to accumulation of viral diseases most important of which are caused by begomovirus infections. A survey for cassava mosaic disease (CMD) was carried out in main cassava growing areas of Western Kenya with a view to determine incidence and distribution of the causal viruses. A total of 33 cassava farms in seven sub-counties in Western Kenya were covered. Leaf samples were collected and analysed serologically and by molecular means. Cassava plants in most farms were severely affected by cassava mosaic disease. Disease incidence in farms ranged between 2% to 54%. Three cassava infecting begomoviruses, African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV), East African Cassava Mosaic Virus (EACMV) and East African Cassava Mosaic Virus – Ugandan variant (EACMV-Ug) were found in the collected samples, with EACMV-Ug being most prevalent followed by EACMV. These are interesting findings given that in the past surveys, ACMV was the most abundant virus in the area. To increase cassava yields, it is recommended that cassava farmers be educated on cassava diseases and their control.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya
    AU  - Mariam Nyongesa Were
    AU  - Benard Mukoye
    AU  - Aggrey Keya Osogo
    AU  - Bonphace Collins Mangeni
    AU  - Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu
    AU  - Vitalis Kalor Ogemah
    AU  - John Vincent Muoma
    AU  - Stephan Winter
    AU  - Hassan Karakacha Were
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    JO  - Plant
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    EP  - 113
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2331-0677
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18
    AB  - Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) is an important food staple in Busia, Homabay, Siaya, Migori, Kwale, Kilifi and Marakwet Counties and is a secondary food crop for many Kenyans. The current yields of 3-4 tons/ha obtained in Western Kenya are far below world averages and this is largely attributed to pests and diseases. The usual practice of retaining some seed cuttings from the current ware crop or buying them from neighbours, leads to accumulation of viral diseases most important of which are caused by begomovirus infections. A survey for cassava mosaic disease (CMD) was carried out in main cassava growing areas of Western Kenya with a view to determine incidence and distribution of the causal viruses. A total of 33 cassava farms in seven sub-counties in Western Kenya were covered. Leaf samples were collected and analysed serologically and by molecular means. Cassava plants in most farms were severely affected by cassava mosaic disease. Disease incidence in farms ranged between 2% to 54%. Three cassava infecting begomoviruses, African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV), East African Cassava Mosaic Virus (EACMV) and East African Cassava Mosaic Virus – Ugandan variant (EACMV-Ug) were found in the collected samples, with EACMV-Ug being most prevalent followed by EACMV. These are interesting findings given that in the past surveys, ACMV was the most abundant virus in the area. To increase cassava yields, it is recommended that cassava farmers be educated on cassava diseases and their control.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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