Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Carcass Characteristics of Growing West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Steam-Treated Cashew Nut Shell

Received: 13 April 2016    Accepted: 14 April 2016    Published: 04 June 2016
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Abstract

Twenty (20) West African dwarf backs were used to investigate the effects of diets containing graded levels of cashew nutshell on carcass characteristics. The goats were randomly allotted to five (5) treatments of four (4) goats each, the goats were fed the supplement containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% cashew nut shell for T1, and T2, T3 and T4 respectively, at 100g / goat/day. The experiment lasted for 100 days after an adjustment period of 14 days. On the last day of the feeding trial three (3) goats each were slaughtered per treatment and carcass yield, whole sale cuts and organo-leptic properties evaluated. Completely randomized experimental design was used and data were analysed using a one way analysis of Variance. Treatment means were separated using least significant difference with the aid of SPSS (2006) 16th version. The dressing percentage ranged from 53.14% (T3) to 57.54% (T1) but was not significantly (p >0.05) different. There were significant (p >0.05) differences in the values for slaughter weight, dressed weight and meat to bone ratio. The values did not follow any definite trend. There was no significant (p >0.05) difference in the relative weight of the head; neck, thigh, shoulder, Ribs, back and Belly. The values for flavor ranged from 3.8 (T1) to 4.0 (T2, T3andT4) but were not significantly (p >0.05) different. The values for juiciness, tenderness, leanness, palatability and overall carcass quality showed significant differences. It was concluded that goats in T2 (10% level of inclusion of cashew nut shell) had the best carcass characteristics. Further research using other species of ruminants like sheep and cattle was suggested.

DOI 10.11648/j.avs.s.2016040301.14
Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 3-1, June 2016)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Science and Climate Change

Page(s) 18-22
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Carcass, West African dwarf Goats, Steam-Treated, Nut Shell

References
[1] Abdulkarim, S. (2011). Organ weight and carcass characteristics of growing West African dwarf goats fed diets containing varying levels of cashew nut shell. B. Agric (Animal production) project, Kogi state University, Anyigba, Nigeria. 39 Pp.
[2] Ambarasu C., Dutta, N. Sharma, K. and Rawat, M. (2004). Response of goats to partial replacement of dietary protein by a leaf mixture containing Leucaena leucocephala, Morus alba and Tectoonagrandis. Small Ruminants Res., 51: 45-56.
[3] AOAC (1995) Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Official methods of Analysis 16th edition Washington, D.C.
[4] Babatunde, G. M, Fetuga, B. L., Oyenuga, V. A. and Ayoade, J. A. (1975). The effects of graded levels of brewers dried grains and maize cobs in diet of pigs on their performance characteristics and carcass quality. Nig. J of Animal Prod. 1(2): 119-132.
[5] Cassey, B. H. and Van Neikerk, W. A. (1988). The Boer goat. Growth, nutrient requirement carcass and meat quality (II) Boer goat reports Dept. of Livestock Science, Faculty of Agriculture University of Pretoria, South Africa Pp 4-5.\
[6] Fajimisin , A. N Fadiyamu, A. A and Alokan F.A (2010). Nitrogen retention and haematological indices of West African dwarf rams fed sun dried and fermented rumen digesta, and caged hen dropping diet. Proc. 35 Am. Cenf.Nig. Society for Anim. Prod. 14th – 17th march Univ. of Ibadan, Nigeria Pp. 604-607
[7] Fasae, O.A, Adu, I.F, Aina, A.B.J and Deo M.A (2007). Carcass Yield and composition of West African dwarf rams. Trop. J. of Animal science. 10(1-2); 225-229
[8] Lakpini, C.A.M (2002). Feeds and feeding strategy for small ruminants in various physiological states In: Lakpini CAM, Adamu A.M Ehoche O.W and Gefu O.J. (eds) manual for training workshop on small ruminant production held at NAPRI, Zaria, Nigeria 13th – 18th Jan. 2002 PP. 40-48.
[9] Lufadeju, E.A and Lamidi, S.O (1993) Utilization of browse grasses, crop residue and other locally available agro products as feed for ruminants In: Okaiyeto et al. (eds). Training manual for advanced animal husbandry practices for subject matter specialists in the ADPS, FACU/NAPRI pp 75-82.
[10] Kowal, J. M. and Knabe, D. T. (1972). An Agroclimatological atlas of the Northern States of Nigeria ABU Univ. Press Zaria.
[11] NRC, National Research Council, (1996). Nutrient requirements of beef cattle 7th Rev. ed. National Academy Press. Washington, DC
[12] Omojola, A.B and Attah, S. (2006) Carcass and non-carcass components of male West African Dwarf goats slaughtered at different weights. Trop. J .Amin Sci., 9(2): 119-126
[13] Okai, D.B., Abora, P.K.B, Davis, T and Martin, A. (2005) National composition, availability. Current and potential use of Dusa, A cereal by-product obtained from ‘Koko’ (porridge). Production and technology journal 25:33-38
[14] SPSS (2006) Statistical packages for social sciences. Version 16.0 SPSS Inc.
[15] Ukanwoko, A.I Ibeawuchi. J.A and Ukachukwu N.W (2009) Growth performance and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf goats fed cassava peal meal based diet. Proceeding at the 34th annual conference of the Nigeria society for Animal production Uyo, March 2009. Pp 476-479
[16] Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. and Lewis, B. A.(1991). Methods of analysis for dietary neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597.
Author Information
  • Department of Animal Production, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria

  • Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

  • Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

  • Depaerment of Food Nutrition and Home Science, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria

  • Depaerment of Food Nutrition and Home Science, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria

  • Department of Animal Production, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria

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    Ocheja J. O., Ayoade J. A., Attah S., Netala J., Ocheni J., et al. (2016). Carcass Characteristics of Growing West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Steam-Treated Cashew Nut Shell. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 4(3-1), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.s.2016040301.14

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    ACS Style

    Ocheja J. O.; Ayoade J. A.; Attah S.; Netala J.; Ocheni J., et al. Carcass Characteristics of Growing West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Steam-Treated Cashew Nut Shell. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2016, 4(3-1), 18-22. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.s.2016040301.14

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    AMA Style

    Ocheja J. O., Ayoade J. A., Attah S., Netala J., Ocheni J., et al. Carcass Characteristics of Growing West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Steam-Treated Cashew Nut Shell. Anim Vet Sci. 2016;4(3-1):18-22. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.s.2016040301.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.avs.s.2016040301.14,
      author = {Ocheja J. O. and Ayoade J. A. and Attah S. and Netala J. and Ocheni J. and Oyibo A.},
      title = {Carcass Characteristics of Growing West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Steam-Treated Cashew Nut Shell},
      journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3-1},
      pages = {18-22},
      doi = {10.11648/j.avs.s.2016040301.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.s.2016040301.14},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.s.2016040301.14},
      abstract = {Twenty (20) West African dwarf backs were used to investigate the effects of diets containing graded levels of cashew nutshell on carcass characteristics. The goats were randomly allotted to five (5) treatments of four (4) goats each, the goats were fed the supplement containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% cashew nut shell for T1, and T2, T3 and T4 respectively, at 100g / goat/day. The experiment lasted for 100 days after an adjustment period of 14 days. On the last day of the feeding trial three (3) goats each were slaughtered per treatment and carcass yield, whole sale cuts and organo-leptic properties evaluated. Completely randomized experimental design was used and data were analysed using a one way analysis of Variance. Treatment means were separated using least significant difference with the aid of SPSS (2006) 16th version. The dressing percentage ranged from 53.14% (T3) to 57.54% (T1) but was not significantly (p >0.05) different. There were significant (p >0.05) differences in the values for slaughter weight, dressed weight and meat to bone ratio. The values did not follow any definite trend. There was no significant (p >0.05) difference in the relative weight of the head; neck, thigh, shoulder, Ribs, back and Belly. The values for flavor ranged from 3.8 (T1) to 4.0 (T2, T3andT4) but were not significantly (p >0.05) different. The values for juiciness, tenderness, leanness, palatability and overall carcass quality showed significant differences. It was concluded that goats in T2 (10% level of inclusion of cashew nut shell) had the best carcass characteristics. Further research using other species of ruminants like sheep and cattle was suggested.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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    AU  - Ocheja J. O.
    AU  - Ayoade J. A.
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    JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    AB  - Twenty (20) West African dwarf backs were used to investigate the effects of diets containing graded levels of cashew nutshell on carcass characteristics. The goats were randomly allotted to five (5) treatments of four (4) goats each, the goats were fed the supplement containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% cashew nut shell for T1, and T2, T3 and T4 respectively, at 100g / goat/day. The experiment lasted for 100 days after an adjustment period of 14 days. On the last day of the feeding trial three (3) goats each were slaughtered per treatment and carcass yield, whole sale cuts and organo-leptic properties evaluated. Completely randomized experimental design was used and data were analysed using a one way analysis of Variance. Treatment means were separated using least significant difference with the aid of SPSS (2006) 16th version. The dressing percentage ranged from 53.14% (T3) to 57.54% (T1) but was not significantly (p >0.05) different. There were significant (p >0.05) differences in the values for slaughter weight, dressed weight and meat to bone ratio. The values did not follow any definite trend. There was no significant (p >0.05) difference in the relative weight of the head; neck, thigh, shoulder, Ribs, back and Belly. The values for flavor ranged from 3.8 (T1) to 4.0 (T2, T3andT4) but were not significantly (p >0.05) different. The values for juiciness, tenderness, leanness, palatability and overall carcass quality showed significant differences. It was concluded that goats in T2 (10% level of inclusion of cashew nut shell) had the best carcass characteristics. Further research using other species of ruminants like sheep and cattle was suggested.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3-1
    ER  - 

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