Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil

I. R. Jack; A. U. Anya; O. F. Osagie

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11

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Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil

I. R. Jack, A. U. Anya, O. F. Osagie

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 3 April 2016 Accepted: 13 April 2016 Published: 18 June 2016

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Abstract

Two different alkyd resins; epoxidized neem seed oil-modified alkyd resin (ENOMAR) and crude neem seed oil-modified alkyd resin (CNOMAR) with oil-length of 64.5% each were synthesized. A portion of neem oil was epoxidized at 50°C using per-acid generated in-situ. The (ENOMAR) and (CNOMAR) were prepared using glycolysis and poly-condensation methods. Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt naphthalate in toluene were employed as the driers. The physicochemical analyses of the synthesized resins were investigated. Also, minimum drying and set to touch time was recorded at 15hrs, 9hrs and 17hrs, 10hrs for (ENOMAR) and (CMOMAR) respectively at temperature of 120°C on exposed for 120min. Both resins show good resistance in 10% HCl and distilled water. (CNOMAR) shows relatively fair resistance in 1%NaCl while (ENOMAR) has a poor resistance in the brine solution. FT-IR results shows a broad and sharp peaks at 1732cm^-1, 2928cm^-1 and 3465cm^-1 for (ENOMAR) and two broad peaks at 1734cm^-1, and 2927cm^-1 for (CNOMAR). Statistical analysis from ANOVA table comparing the drying time between the two resins gave F_v =0. 327 and F_c = 5. 990. Assessments of the properties show that epoxidized neem oil modified alkyd resin (ENOMAR) has better film properties compared to crude neem oil modified alkyd resin (CNOMAR).

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11
Page(s)	120-124
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alkyd resin, Epoxy Functionality, Trans-Esterification, Film Property and Infrared Analysis

References

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[3]	Bobalek, E. G, Moor. E. R, Levy. S. S and Lee. C. C (1964). Some implication of gel point concept on the chemistry of alkyd resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 8: 625-657.
[4]	Hofland, A., (2012). Alkyd resin down and out to alive and knocking. Progress in Organic coating 73, 274-282.
[5]	Ikhuoria. E. U, Aigbodion. A. I and Okieimen. F. E (2004). Enhencing the quality of alkyd resins using methyl ester of rubber seed oil. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 3(1); 311-317.
[6]	Ikhuoria. E. U and Aigbodion. A. I (2006). Effect of modification with nitrocellulose and phenol formaldehyde resin on some performance characteristics of rubber seed oil alkyds; African Journal biotechnol, No 19, pp 888-891.
[7]	Karakaya, C. (2005). Synthesis of Oil Based Hyper-branched Resins and Their Modification with Melamine Formaldehyde Resins in Chemical Engineering. Ankara. Middle East Technical University.
[8]	Mungroo, R., Goud, V. V., Narayan Naik, S., and Dalai, A. K., (2011). Utilization of green seed canola oil for in situ epoxidation. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 113(2011)768-774.
[9]	Oyman, Z. O., Ming, W., and Linde, R., (2005). Oxidation of drying oils containing non - conjugated and conjugated double bonds catalyzed by a cobalt catalyst. Progress in Organic Coatings. 54 (3): p. 198204.
[10]	Petrovic, Z., Zlatanic, A., Lava, C. C., and Sinadinovic-fiser, S., (2002). Epoxidation of soybean oil in toluene with peroacetic and peroxoformic acids- Kinetic and side reactions. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology (104)293-299.
[11]	Muralidharan, N, Unnikrishnan. N, Unnikrishnan. K. G (1981). Utilization of rubber seed oil and karinnotta oil for the preparation of air-drying modified alkyd resin. Paintindia 31 (5), 5-9.
[12]	Pramanikis. S, Sagak. K, Konwar. B. K, Karak. N. (2012). Synthesis, characterization and properties of a castor oil modified biodegradable poly (ester amide) resin. Prog. Org Coat 75(4), 569-578.
[13]	Van H, Oostveen. J, Micciche. E. A, Weijnen. J (2005). Toward sustainability: alkyd resins and alkyd drying agents based on renewable resources. Euro. Coat Journal 16-19.
[14]	Ekpa. O. D and Isaac. I. O (2009). Kinetics studies on polyesterification of unsaturated oils & diacids in alcoholysis process. Research Journal of applied science 4(4)125-128.

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APA Style

I. R. Jack, A. U. Anya, O. F. Osagie. (2016). Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(4), 120-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11

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ACS Style

I. R. Jack; A. U. Anya; O. F. Osagie. Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2016, 4(4), 120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11

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AMA Style

I. R. Jack, A. U. Anya, O. F. Osagie. Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil. Am J Appl Chem. 2016;4(4):120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11,
  author = {I. R. Jack and A. U. Anya and O. F. Osagie},
  title = {Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {120-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20160404.11},
  abstract = {Two different alkyd resins; epoxidized neem seed oil-modified alkyd resin (ENOMAR) and crude neem seed oil-modified alkyd resin (CNOMAR) with oil-length of 64.5% each were synthesized. A portion of neem oil was epoxidized at 50°C using per-acid generated in-situ. The (ENOMAR) and (CNOMAR) were prepared using glycolysis and poly-condensation methods.  Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt naphthalate in toluene were employed as the driers. The physicochemical analyses of the synthesized resins were investigated. Also, minimum drying and set to touch time was recorded at 15hrs, 9hrs and 17hrs, 10hrs for (ENOMAR) and (CMOMAR) respectively at temperature of 120°C on exposed for 120min. Both resins show good resistance in 10% HCl and distilled water. (CNOMAR) shows relatively fair resistance in 1%NaCl while (ENOMAR) has a poor resistance in the brine solution. FT-IR results shows a broad and sharp peaks at 1732cm-1, 2928cm-1 and 3465cm-1 for (ENOMAR) and two broad peaks at 1734cm-1, and 2927cm-1 for (CNOMAR). Statistical analysis from ANOVA table comparing the drying time between the two resins gave Fv =0. 327 and Fc = 5. 990. Assessments of the properties show that epoxidized neem oil modified alkyd resin (ENOMAR) has better film properties compared to crude neem oil modified alkyd resin (CNOMAR).},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil
AU  - I. R. Jack
AU  - A. U. Anya
AU  - O. F. Osagie
Y1  - 2016/06/18
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 120
EP  - 124
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11
AB  - Two different alkyd resins; epoxidized neem seed oil-modified alkyd resin (ENOMAR) and crude neem seed oil-modified alkyd resin (CNOMAR) with oil-length of 64.5% each were synthesized. A portion of neem oil was epoxidized at 50°C using per-acid generated in-situ. The (ENOMAR) and (CNOMAR) were prepared using glycolysis and poly-condensation methods.  Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt naphthalate in toluene were employed as the driers. The physicochemical analyses of the synthesized resins were investigated. Also, minimum drying and set to touch time was recorded at 15hrs, 9hrs and 17hrs, 10hrs for (ENOMAR) and (CMOMAR) respectively at temperature of 120°C on exposed for 120min. Both resins show good resistance in 10% HCl and distilled water. (CNOMAR) shows relatively fair resistance in 1%NaCl while (ENOMAR) has a poor resistance in the brine solution. FT-IR results shows a broad and sharp peaks at 1732cm-1, 2928cm-1 and 3465cm-1 for (ENOMAR) and two broad peaks at 1734cm-1, and 2927cm-1 for (CNOMAR). Statistical analysis from ANOVA table comparing the drying time between the two resins gave Fv =0. 327 and Fc = 5. 990. Assessments of the properties show that epoxidized neem oil modified alkyd resin (ENOMAR) has better film properties compared to crude neem oil modified alkyd resin (CNOMAR).
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

I. R. Jack

Department of Chemistry, Rivers State University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt, Nigeria
A. U. Anya

National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT) Zaria, Nigeria
O. F. Osagie

Department of Chemistry, Rivers State University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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APA Style

I. R. Jack, A. U. Anya, O. F. Osagie. (2016). Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(4), 120-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11

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ACS Style

I. R. Jack; A. U. Anya; O. F. Osagie. Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2016, 4(4), 120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11

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AMA Style

I. R. Jack, A. U. Anya, O. F. Osagie. Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil. Am J Appl Chem. 2016;4(4):120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11,
  author = {I. R. Jack and A. U. Anya and O. F. Osagie},
  title = {Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {120-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20160404.11},
  abstract = {Two different alkyd resins; epoxidized neem seed oil-modified alkyd resin (ENOMAR) and crude neem seed oil-modified alkyd resin (CNOMAR) with oil-length of 64.5% each were synthesized. A portion of neem oil was epoxidized at 50°C using per-acid generated in-situ. The (ENOMAR) and (CNOMAR) were prepared using glycolysis and poly-condensation methods.  Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt naphthalate in toluene were employed as the driers. The physicochemical analyses of the synthesized resins were investigated. Also, minimum drying and set to touch time was recorded at 15hrs, 9hrs and 17hrs, 10hrs for (ENOMAR) and (CMOMAR) respectively at temperature of 120°C on exposed for 120min. Both resins show good resistance in 10% HCl and distilled water. (CNOMAR) shows relatively fair resistance in 1%NaCl while (ENOMAR) has a poor resistance in the brine solution. FT-IR results shows a broad and sharp peaks at 1732cm-1, 2928cm-1 and 3465cm-1 for (ENOMAR) and two broad peaks at 1734cm-1, and 2927cm-1 for (CNOMAR). Statistical analysis from ANOVA table comparing the drying time between the two resins gave Fv =0. 327 and Fc = 5. 990. Assessments of the properties show that epoxidized neem oil modified alkyd resin (ENOMAR) has better film properties compared to crude neem oil modified alkyd resin (CNOMAR).},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Studies of Oil-Modified Alkyd Resins Synthesized from Epoxidized and Crude Neem Oil
AU  - I. R. Jack
AU  - A. U. Anya
AU  - O. F. Osagie
Y1  - 2016/06/18
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 120
EP  - 124
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160404.11
AB  - Two different alkyd resins; epoxidized neem seed oil-modified alkyd resin (ENOMAR) and crude neem seed oil-modified alkyd resin (CNOMAR) with oil-length of 64.5% each were synthesized. A portion of neem oil was epoxidized at 50°C using per-acid generated in-situ. The (ENOMAR) and (CNOMAR) were prepared using glycolysis and poly-condensation methods.  Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt naphthalate in toluene were employed as the driers. The physicochemical analyses of the synthesized resins were investigated. Also, minimum drying and set to touch time was recorded at 15hrs, 9hrs and 17hrs, 10hrs for (ENOMAR) and (CMOMAR) respectively at temperature of 120°C on exposed for 120min. Both resins show good resistance in 10% HCl and distilled water. (CNOMAR) shows relatively fair resistance in 1%NaCl while (ENOMAR) has a poor resistance in the brine solution. FT-IR results shows a broad and sharp peaks at 1732cm-1, 2928cm-1 and 3465cm-1 for (ENOMAR) and two broad peaks at 1734cm-1, and 2927cm-1 for (CNOMAR). Statistical analysis from ANOVA table comparing the drying time between the two resins gave Fv =0. 327 and Fc = 5. 990. Assessments of the properties show that epoxidized neem oil modified alkyd resin (ENOMAR) has better film properties compared to crude neem oil modified alkyd resin (CNOMAR).
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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