The study highlights English code-switching in Punjab Urdu textbooks. The research aims at finding and categorizing Urdu-English code-switches. Another rationale behind the study is to present Urdu equivalents of the switches from an Urdu-English dictionary; for instance, adakar for actor and sayyah for tourist. Textbooks of 5th, 6th, 9th and 10th class are selected for data collection and analysis. A number of instances are observed at morpheme, word, phrase and clause levels. Data is analyzed qualitatively. The data analysis shows switches at all the mentioned levels. The researchers propose a revision of the existing textbooks in the light of the given equivalents and a careful scrutiny of the compilation of future textbooks to preserve the purity of Urdu language.
DOI | 10.11648/j.cls.20150102.11 |
Published in | Communication and Linguistics Studies (Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2015) |
Page(s) | 13-20 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Code-Switching; Loanwords, Intrasentential Code-Switching; Intersentential Code-Switching; Textbooks, Urdu
[1] | Anwar, B. (2007). Urdu-English Code-switching: The Use of Urdu Phrases and Clauses in Pakistani English (A Non-native Variety). ESP World, 17. ISSN: 1682-3257, http://www.esp-world.info. |
[2] | Asghar, J. (2004). The Problem of Enrichment and Urdu. Research Magazine, (1)36-47. |
[3] | Bing, D.W. (2011). On the Composition and Application of Loanwords in 7th Geography Textbooks. (Master’s Dissertation) Retrieved from, www. dissertationtopic.net /doc/469333 on 18/4/2013. |
[4] | Chambliss, M.,& Calfee. R, (1998). Textbooks for Learning :Nurturing Children's minds. Psychology. Wiley - 316 Retrieved from books.google.com › Education › Administration › General. |
[5] | Firaqi, T., Malik, S., & Baloch, J. (2011). Bahar e Urdu for class 10 (2nd ed): National Printing Press. Punjab Textbook Board Lahore. |
[6] | Gardner-Chloros, P. (1995). Code-switching in community, regional and national repertoires: the myth of the discreteness of linguistic systems. In L. Milroy & P. Muysken (eds.), One speaker two languages: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on Code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 68-90. |
[7] | Hall-Lew, L. A. (2002). English Loanwords in Mandarin Chinese. (Master’s Dissertation) Retrieved from www.lel.ed.ac.uk/~lhlew/Undergraduate%20 Thesis.pdf. |
[8] | Hashmi, A. S., Abid, M. A., Tanweer, R., & Sadiqui, H. (2011). Bahar e Urdu for class 9 (2nd ed): National Printing Press. Punjab Textbook Board Lahore. |
[9] | Hoffmann, C. (1991). An introduction to bilingualism. London, New York: Longman. |
[10] | Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S.E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288. |
[11] | Jain, S. (2013). Code Switching in Indian Culture. Retrieved from, Code Switching in Indian Culture Mecon.nomadit.co.uk www.mecon.nomadit.co.uk/.../ conferenceepaper_ download. php5?...on 5/9/2013 |
[12] | Jalil, S. A. (2009).Grammatical Perspectives on Code-Switching. Re VEL, 13(7). www.revel. inf.br/eng |
[13] | Kazemian, B., & Hashemi, S. (2014). A contrastive linguistic analysis of inflectional bound morphemes of English, Azerbaijani and Persian languages: A comparative study. Journal of Education & Human Development, 3(1), 593-614. |
[14] | Khurshid, K., & Gillani, I, G, & Hashmi, M. A.(2010). A Study of Representation of Female Image in the Textbooks of English and Urdu at Secondary School Level. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 2(30):425-437. |
[15] | Mahmood. K. (2011). Conformity to Quality Characteristics of Textbooks: The Illusion of textbook Evaluation in Pakistan. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education. 2(5),170-190.http://www.ue.edu.pk/jrre\. |
[16] | Mahmood. K. (2009). Indicators for a Quality Textbook Evaluation Process in Pakistan. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education, 2(3), 158 -176 http://www.ue.edu. pk/jrre. |
[17] | Meu, Q. C. C., Ahmad, M., Sahi, M. Z., & Nadeem, S. (2011). Mairi Kitab for class 5. (1st ed): National Printing Press. Punjab Textbook Board Lahore. |
[18] | Myers-Scotton, C. (1983). The negotiation of identities in conversation: A theory of code choice. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 44, 116-136. |
[19] | Nicholls, J. (2003). Methods in School Textbook Research. Retrieved from https://centres.exeter. ac.uk/historyresource/journal6/nichollsrev.pdf. |
[20] | Pervez, S. (1986). Content analysis of Fiction in Secondary School Textbooks. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research. 1-2(1).35-48. |
[21] | Platt, H., Platt, J., & Richards, J.C. (1992). Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. London: Longman. |
[22] | Poplack, S. (1978). Dialect acquisition among Puerto Rican bilinguals. Language in Society, 7, 89-103. |
[23] | Rahman, T. (2002). Images of the “other” in Pakistani Textbooks. Pakistan Perspectives, 33-49. Retrieved from www.tariqrahman.net/ language/ Images%20of%20the% 20 Other'.htm |
[24] | Rasul, S. (2006). Language Hybridization in Pakistan as Socio-cultural Phenomenon: An Analysis of Code-Mixed Linguistic Patterns. (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from eprints.hec.gov.pk/2513/1/2426.htm on 20/5/13. |
[25] | Sabir, A. (2008). Review of Moroccan School Textbooks for Gender Equality and Human Rights by Regional Director (HREA): Project Results. Retrieved 14/3/08 from http:// www.achr.hn/newen63.htm, 1-2. |
[26] | Stott, A. (2006). A Study of Code-Switching in Newsletter Articles Written by Native English Speakers Residing in Japan. Translate. 2 (14). 31-50 retrieved from,www.fukuoka-pu.ac.jp/kiyou/kiyo14_2/1402_Stott.pdf. |
[27] | Tahir, M.S., Bazmi, M. N., Niazi, A. A., & Choudhry, Q. (2013). Urdu for class 6. (1st ed): National Printing Press. Punjab Textbook Board Lahore. |
[28] | Qadir, S. A., & Rasul, S.( 2009). Code-mixing in Pakistani Newspapers: A Sociolinguistic Analysis’. Kashmir Journal of Language Research. 1(12). |
[29] | Qureshi, B.A. (2004). Kitabistan’s New Millennium Practical Dictionary English-English-Urdu. Lahore (Pakistan). Kitabistan Publishing Company. |
[30] | Wardhaugh, R. (2002). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. (4th ed). Oxford. UK: Blackwell. |
APA Style
Mehwish Noor, Behzad Anwar, Fakharh Muhabat, Bahram Kazemian. (2015). Code-Switching in Urdu Books of Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore, Pakistan. Communication and Linguistics Studies, 1(2), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cls.20150102.11
ACS Style
Mehwish Noor; Behzad Anwar; Fakharh Muhabat; Bahram Kazemian. Code-Switching in Urdu Books of Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore, Pakistan. Commun. Linguist. Stud. 2015, 1(2), 13-20. doi: 10.11648/j.cls.20150102.11
@article{10.11648/j.cls.20150102.11, author = {Mehwish Noor and Behzad Anwar and Fakharh Muhabat and Bahram Kazemian}, title = {Code-Switching in Urdu Books of Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore, Pakistan}, journal = {Communication and Linguistics Studies}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {13-20}, doi = {10.11648/j.cls.20150102.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cls.20150102.11}, eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cls.20150102.11}, abstract = {The study highlights English code-switching in Punjab Urdu textbooks. The research aims at finding and categorizing Urdu-English code-switches. Another rationale behind the study is to present Urdu equivalents of the switches from an Urdu-English dictionary; for instance, adakar for actor and sayyah for tourist. Textbooks of 5th, 6th, 9th and 10th class are selected for data collection and analysis. A number of instances are observed at morpheme, word, phrase and clause levels. Data is analyzed qualitatively. The data analysis shows switches at all the mentioned levels. The researchers propose a revision of the existing textbooks in the light of the given equivalents and a careful scrutiny of the compilation of future textbooks to preserve the purity of Urdu language.}, year = {2015} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Code-Switching in Urdu Books of Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore, Pakistan AU - Mehwish Noor AU - Behzad Anwar AU - Fakharh Muhabat AU - Bahram Kazemian Y1 - 2015/05/09 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cls.20150102.11 DO - 10.11648/j.cls.20150102.11 T2 - Communication and Linguistics Studies JF - Communication and Linguistics Studies JO - Communication and Linguistics Studies SP - 13 EP - 20 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2380-2529 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cls.20150102.11 AB - The study highlights English code-switching in Punjab Urdu textbooks. The research aims at finding and categorizing Urdu-English code-switches. Another rationale behind the study is to present Urdu equivalents of the switches from an Urdu-English dictionary; for instance, adakar for actor and sayyah for tourist. Textbooks of 5th, 6th, 9th and 10th class are selected for data collection and analysis. A number of instances are observed at morpheme, word, phrase and clause levels. Data is analyzed qualitatively. The data analysis shows switches at all the mentioned levels. The researchers propose a revision of the existing textbooks in the light of the given equivalents and a careful scrutiny of the compilation of future textbooks to preserve the purity of Urdu language. VL - 1 IS - 2 ER -