Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt

Mohamed A. Okbah; Mamdouh S. Masoud; Gehan M. El Zokm; Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11

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Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt

Mohamed A. Okbah, Mamdouh S. Masoud, Gehan M. El Zokm, Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam

Published in Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering (Volume 1, Issue 1)

Received: 20 October 2016 Accepted: 2 November 2016 Published: 25 November 2016

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cd) between dissolved and particulate form; as well as, in the sediment of El-Mex Bay. Surface and bottom water samples were collected seasonally during the period from September (summer) 2012 to April (spring) 2013. The sediment samples were collected once from all the selected stations in summer 2012. The metals content in the sediments decreased in the order of Fe > Mn >Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The measured heavy metal content varied greatly as follows: Fe, 1449-8625 μgg⁻¹ with an average of 4082 ± 188 μgg⁻¹; Mn, 165.08-865.92 μgg⁻¹ with an average of 315.6 ± 178μgg⁻¹; Cu, 5.67- 48.17 μgg⁻¹ with an average of 26.04 ± 19μgg⁻¹; Zn, 17.50- 138.75 μgg⁻¹ with an average of 57.07 ± 130μgg⁻¹; Pb, 7.17- 87.50μgg⁻¹ with an average of 26.81 ± 54μgg⁻¹; Cd, 0.08-1.50 μgg⁻¹ with an average of 0.54 ± 1.05μgg⁻¹. Metal Pollution Index ranged from 24.82 to 92.65 with an average 64. It can be indicated that stations II and VII suffered from metal pollutions with values of 92.56 and 87.23, The Enrichment Factor (EF) of heavy metals of El-Mex Bay sediments can be arranged as the following, EF_Cd >EF_Pb >EF_Cu > EF_Mn > EF_Zn. The difference in EF values due to the difference in the magnitude of input for each metal in the sediment. To evaluate water quality index, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. According to PCA data, Station I and III could be considered as hot spots.

Published in	Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11
Page(s)	1-12
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sediment, Heavy Metals, El-Mex Bay, Enrichment Factor, Wastewater

References

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APA Style

Mohamed A. Okbah, Mamdouh S. Masoud, Gehan M. El Zokm, Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam. (2016). Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, 1(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11

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ACS Style

Mohamed A. Okbah; Mamdouh S. Masoud; Gehan M. El Zokm; Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam. Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. J. Energy Environ. Chem. Eng. 2016, 1(1), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11

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AMA Style

Mohamed A. Okbah, Mamdouh S. Masoud, Gehan M. El Zokm, Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam. Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. J Energy Environ Chem Eng. 2016;1(1):1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11,
  author = {Mohamed A. Okbah and Mamdouh S. Masoud and Gehan M. El Zokm and Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam},
  title = {Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt},
  journal = {Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeece.20160101.11},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cd) between dissolved and particulate form; as well as, in the sediment of El-Mex Bay. Surface and bottom water samples were collected seasonally during the period from September (summer) 2012 to April (spring) 2013. The sediment samples were collected once from all the selected stations in summer 2012. The metals content in the sediments decreased in the order of Fe > Mn >Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The measured heavy metal content varied greatly as follows: Fe, 1449-8625 μgg−1 with an average of 4082 ± 188 μgg−1; Mn, 165.08-865.92 μgg−1 with an average of 315.6 ± 178μgg−1; Cu, 5.67- 48.17 μgg−1 with an average of 26.04 ± 19μgg−1; Zn, 17.50- 138.75 μgg−1 with an average of 57.07 ± 130μgg−1; Pb, 7.17- 87.50μgg−1 with an average of 26.81 ± 54μgg−1; Cd, 0.08-1.50 μgg−1 with an average of 0.54 ± 1.05μgg−1. Metal Pollution Index ranged from 24.82 to 92.65 with an average 64. It can be indicated that stations II and VII suffered from metal pollutions with values of 92.56 and 87.23, The Enrichment Factor (EF) of heavy metals of El-Mex Bay sediments can be arranged as the following, EFCd >EFPb >EFCu > EFMn > EFZn. The difference in EF values due to the difference in the magnitude of input for each metal in the sediment. To evaluate water quality index, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. According to PCA data, Station I and III could be considered as hot spots.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt
AU  - Mohamed A. Okbah
AU  - Mamdouh S. Masoud
AU  - Gehan M. El Zokm
AU  - Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam
Y1  - 2016/11/25
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11
T2  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JO  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-434X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11
AB  - The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cd) between dissolved and particulate form; as well as, in the sediment of El-Mex Bay. Surface and bottom water samples were collected seasonally during the period from September (summer) 2012 to April (spring) 2013. The sediment samples were collected once from all the selected stations in summer 2012. The metals content in the sediments decreased in the order of Fe > Mn >Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The measured heavy metal content varied greatly as follows: Fe, 1449-8625 μgg−1 with an average of 4082 ± 188 μgg−1; Mn, 165.08-865.92 μgg−1 with an average of 315.6 ± 178μgg−1; Cu, 5.67- 48.17 μgg−1 with an average of 26.04 ± 19μgg−1; Zn, 17.50- 138.75 μgg−1 with an average of 57.07 ± 130μgg−1; Pb, 7.17- 87.50μgg−1 with an average of 26.81 ± 54μgg−1; Cd, 0.08-1.50 μgg−1 with an average of 0.54 ± 1.05μgg−1. Metal Pollution Index ranged from 24.82 to 92.65 with an average 64. It can be indicated that stations II and VII suffered from metal pollutions with values of 92.56 and 87.23, The Enrichment Factor (EF) of heavy metals of El-Mex Bay sediments can be arranged as the following, EFCd >EFPb >EFCu > EFMn > EFZn. The difference in EF values due to the difference in the magnitude of input for each metal in the sediment. To evaluate water quality index, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. According to PCA data, Station I and III could be considered as hot spots.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Mohamed A. Okbah

Marine Chemistry Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
Mamdouh S. Masoud

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Gehan M. El Zokm

Marine Chemistry Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam

Marine Chemistry Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt

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APA Style

Mohamed A. Okbah, Mamdouh S. Masoud, Gehan M. El Zokm, Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam. (2016). Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, 1(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11

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ACS Style

Mohamed A. Okbah; Mamdouh S. Masoud; Gehan M. El Zokm; Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam. Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. J. Energy Environ. Chem. Eng. 2016, 1(1), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11

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AMA Style

Mohamed A. Okbah, Mamdouh S. Masoud, Gehan M. El Zokm, Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam. Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. J Energy Environ Chem Eng. 2016;1(1):1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11,
  author = {Mohamed A. Okbah and Mamdouh S. Masoud and Gehan M. El Zokm and Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam},
  title = {Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt},
  journal = {Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeece.20160101.11},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cd) between dissolved and particulate form; as well as, in the sediment of El-Mex Bay. Surface and bottom water samples were collected seasonally during the period from September (summer) 2012 to April (spring) 2013. The sediment samples were collected once from all the selected stations in summer 2012. The metals content in the sediments decreased in the order of Fe > Mn >Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The measured heavy metal content varied greatly as follows: Fe, 1449-8625 μgg−1 with an average of 4082 ± 188 μgg−1; Mn, 165.08-865.92 μgg−1 with an average of 315.6 ± 178μgg−1; Cu, 5.67- 48.17 μgg−1 with an average of 26.04 ± 19μgg−1; Zn, 17.50- 138.75 μgg−1 with an average of 57.07 ± 130μgg−1; Pb, 7.17- 87.50μgg−1 with an average of 26.81 ± 54μgg−1; Cd, 0.08-1.50 μgg−1 with an average of 0.54 ± 1.05μgg−1. Metal Pollution Index ranged from 24.82 to 92.65 with an average 64. It can be indicated that stations II and VII suffered from metal pollutions with values of 92.56 and 87.23, The Enrichment Factor (EF) of heavy metals of El-Mex Bay sediments can be arranged as the following, EFCd >EFPb >EFCu > EFMn > EFZn. The difference in EF values due to the difference in the magnitude of input for each metal in the sediment. To evaluate water quality index, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. According to PCA data, Station I and III could be considered as hot spots.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Heavy Metals Distribution in Water, Particulate and Sediment of El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt
AU  - Mohamed A. Okbah
AU  - Mamdouh S. Masoud
AU  - Gehan M. El Zokm
AU  - Alyaa A. Abd El-Salam
Y1  - 2016/11/25
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11
T2  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JO  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-434X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20160101.11
AB  - The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cd) between dissolved and particulate form; as well as, in the sediment of El-Mex Bay. Surface and bottom water samples were collected seasonally during the period from September (summer) 2012 to April (spring) 2013. The sediment samples were collected once from all the selected stations in summer 2012. The metals content in the sediments decreased in the order of Fe > Mn >Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The measured heavy metal content varied greatly as follows: Fe, 1449-8625 μgg−1 with an average of 4082 ± 188 μgg−1; Mn, 165.08-865.92 μgg−1 with an average of 315.6 ± 178μgg−1; Cu, 5.67- 48.17 μgg−1 with an average of 26.04 ± 19μgg−1; Zn, 17.50- 138.75 μgg−1 with an average of 57.07 ± 130μgg−1; Pb, 7.17- 87.50μgg−1 with an average of 26.81 ± 54μgg−1; Cd, 0.08-1.50 μgg−1 with an average of 0.54 ± 1.05μgg−1. Metal Pollution Index ranged from 24.82 to 92.65 with an average 64. It can be indicated that stations II and VII suffered from metal pollutions with values of 92.56 and 87.23, The Enrichment Factor (EF) of heavy metals of El-Mex Bay sediments can be arranged as the following, EFCd >EFPb >EFCu > EFMn > EFZn. The difference in EF values due to the difference in the magnitude of input for each metal in the sediment. To evaluate water quality index, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. According to PCA data, Station I and III could be considered as hot spots.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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