American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience

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Pattern and Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Essential Hypertension in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Received: 24 December 2015    Accepted: 13 January 2016    Published: 31 January 2016
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Abstract

Essential hypertension, a non communicable disease, is assuming an epidemic dimension, of the nature of a communicable condition. It, predominantly affects the physical, social and psychological well-being of the middle to elderly age group, with the former incidentally contributing over 50% of Nigeria workforce, hence interfering with the nation’s economic well- being . Although few of such studies have been done in this environment, hypertensionhas been variously cited to be commonly associated with psychiatric comorbidity. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the pattern and prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity among subjects with essential hypertension attending the out patient clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teacing Hospital (UPTH). In this cross-sectional study, following ethical approval from the appropriate committee of the hospital and informed consent from the participants, 360 subjects making up the study group were recruited based on the study’s inclusion exclusion criteria, after a Pilot Study (In addition, the hypertensives were screened for HIV infection and also investigated for other chronic medical illnesses). Subjects were further administered with the study’s instruments including the socio-demorgraphic questionnaire, GHQ-12 and WHOCIDI. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20. Confidence interval was set at 95% while P- value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study found a 64.4% (n=232) rate of psychiatric comorbidity among the hypertensive patients with depressive illness the highest with 73(29.4%). This was followed by GAD with 16.1%, sexual dysfunction 9.0%, mixed anxiety and depression 7.8%, substance abuse 2.3%, dysthymia 0.3%, while panic without agoraphobia and personality disorders 0.9% each. Severity of hypertension correlated positively with psychiatric comorbidity. The study found that psychiatric co-morbidity among the hypertensive patient is common in UPTH. It therefore becomes imperative that the intervention measures for chronic disorders of these natures should include a well planned, elaborate and articulated neuropsychiatric evaluation for an effective and holistic management of these patients.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajpn.20160401.12
Published in American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2016)
Page(s) 5-12
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pattern, Prevalence, Psychiatric Comorbidity, Essential Hypertension, UPTH

References
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Author Information
  • Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

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    Nkporbu Aborlo Kennedy, Stanley Princewill Chukwuemeka, Ohaeri Jude. (2016). Pattern and Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Essential Hypertension in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 4(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20160401.12

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    Nkporbu Aborlo Kennedy; Stanley Princewill Chukwuemeka; Ohaeri Jude. Pattern and Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Essential Hypertension in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2016, 4(1), 5-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20160401.12

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    AMA Style

    Nkporbu Aborlo Kennedy, Stanley Princewill Chukwuemeka, Ohaeri Jude. Pattern and Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Essential Hypertension in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2016;4(1):5-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20160401.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20160401.12,
      author = {Nkporbu Aborlo Kennedy and Stanley Princewill Chukwuemeka and Ohaeri Jude},
      title = {Pattern and Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Essential Hypertension in Port Harcourt, Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {5-12},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20160401.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20160401.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20160401.12},
      abstract = {Essential hypertension, a non communicable disease, is assuming an epidemic dimension, of the nature of a communicable condition. It, predominantly affects the physical, social and psychological well-being of the middle to elderly age group, with the former incidentally contributing over 50% of Nigeria workforce, hence interfering with the nation’s economic well- being . Although few of such studies have been done in this environment, hypertensionhas been variously cited to be commonly associated with psychiatric comorbidity. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the pattern and prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity among subjects with essential hypertension attending the out patient clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teacing Hospital (UPTH). In this cross-sectional study, following ethical approval from the appropriate committee of the hospital and informed consent from the participants, 360 subjects making up the study group were recruited based on the study’s inclusion exclusion criteria, after a Pilot Study (In addition, the hypertensives were screened for HIV infection and also investigated for other chronic medical illnesses). Subjects were further administered with the study’s instruments including the socio-demorgraphic questionnaire, GHQ-12 and WHOCIDI. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20. Confidence interval was set at 95% while P- value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study found a 64.4% (n=232) rate of psychiatric comorbidity among the hypertensive patients with depressive illness the highest with 73(29.4%). This was followed by GAD with 16.1%, sexual dysfunction 9.0%, mixed anxiety and depression 7.8%, substance abuse 2.3%, dysthymia 0.3%, while panic without agoraphobia and personality disorders 0.9% each. Severity of hypertension correlated positively with psychiatric comorbidity. The study found that psychiatric co-morbidity among the hypertensive patient is common in UPTH. It therefore becomes imperative that the intervention measures for chronic disorders of these natures should include a well planned, elaborate and articulated neuropsychiatric evaluation for an effective and holistic management of these patients.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Pattern and Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Essential Hypertension in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
    AU  - Nkporbu Aborlo Kennedy
    AU  - Stanley Princewill Chukwuemeka
    AU  - Ohaeri Jude
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20160401.12
    T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
    JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
    JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
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    EP  - 12
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-426X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20160401.12
    AB  - Essential hypertension, a non communicable disease, is assuming an epidemic dimension, of the nature of a communicable condition. It, predominantly affects the physical, social and psychological well-being of the middle to elderly age group, with the former incidentally contributing over 50% of Nigeria workforce, hence interfering with the nation’s economic well- being . Although few of such studies have been done in this environment, hypertensionhas been variously cited to be commonly associated with psychiatric comorbidity. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the pattern and prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity among subjects with essential hypertension attending the out patient clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teacing Hospital (UPTH). In this cross-sectional study, following ethical approval from the appropriate committee of the hospital and informed consent from the participants, 360 subjects making up the study group were recruited based on the study’s inclusion exclusion criteria, after a Pilot Study (In addition, the hypertensives were screened for HIV infection and also investigated for other chronic medical illnesses). Subjects were further administered with the study’s instruments including the socio-demorgraphic questionnaire, GHQ-12 and WHOCIDI. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20. Confidence interval was set at 95% while P- value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study found a 64.4% (n=232) rate of psychiatric comorbidity among the hypertensive patients with depressive illness the highest with 73(29.4%). This was followed by GAD with 16.1%, sexual dysfunction 9.0%, mixed anxiety and depression 7.8%, substance abuse 2.3%, dysthymia 0.3%, while panic without agoraphobia and personality disorders 0.9% each. Severity of hypertension correlated positively with psychiatric comorbidity. The study found that psychiatric co-morbidity among the hypertensive patient is common in UPTH. It therefore becomes imperative that the intervention measures for chronic disorders of these natures should include a well planned, elaborate and articulated neuropsychiatric evaluation for an effective and holistic management of these patients.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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