American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences

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Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen

Received: 17 March 2015    Accepted: 28 March 2015    Published: 23 April 2015
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Abstract

It was demonstrated that the oral vaccine application of Salmonella typhi antigen can activate low antibody agglutinin titer (mean:40±0) comparing with high agglutination titer induced by Intramuscular administration of Salmonella typhi antigen (mean 560.0 ± 51.64) as well as anti-Salmonella typhi IgG ELIZA shows high mean index value(mean = 0.6957±0.10) comparing with the low index value induced by oral rout were (mean= 0.028±0.014) while anti Salmonella typhi IgM ELIZA test show mean index value = 0.6339±0.0385 comparing with low IgM index value (mean= 0.1560±0.070) induced by oral rout (Rsquared 0.7457, t test 3.3. The pro –inflammatory cytokines IL-1α was high in intramuscular rout 217.089±39.78 than its concentration with in oral administrated group (100.4±12.09), IL-12 was about the same concentration both in oral rout and intramuscular rout subsequently (23.607 and 23.17) p value 0.01, R squared (0.3958).However the immune responses were not absolutely absent in the oral administrated group, this reflect the fact that there is a selectivity in taking oral antigens from digestive mucosal surfaces but this immune feature and selectivity theme may vary from antigen to another. In conclusion the recent and ongoing expansion of a new information about the mucosal and systemic immune responses lend a promise to provide the tools needed to exploit the full potential and development of both mucosal and intramuscular vaccines.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4-1, July 2015)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Immunity

Page(s) 13-16
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Oral Tolerance, Systemic Immune Response, Intramuscular Rout

References
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[2] Neutra M R, Kraenebahl J – P,1996,Antigen uptake by M cell for effective mucosal response, In Kiyono H, Ogra PL, McGee J R, eds, Mucosal Vaccines, Academic Press,London,3-14.
[3] Oleszewska W, Openshaw PJM ,2004,Mucosal VaccinesIn Kauffmann ed, Novel Vaccine Strategies,Wiley,VCH,Verlag,GmbH&Co.,KGaA,Germany,343-359.
[4] Staats H F, McGee JR1996 ,Principles of Mucosal Vaccination. In, Kiyono H, Ogra P L, McGee, J R, eds, Mucosal Vaccines, Academic Press, London, 15- 33.
[5] Ogra P L ,1996,Mucosal Immunoprophlaxis: An introductory overview, In, Kiyono H, Ogra P L, McGee J R, eds, Mucosal Vaccines, Academic Press,London,3-14.
[6] Ogra P L, Faden Hand Welliver R C.2001. Vaccination Strategies for Mucosal Immune Responses. ClinMicrobiol Rev. 2001 Apr; 14(2): 430–445.
[7] Marth T, Strober W, Kelsall BL. 1996.High dose oral tolerance in ovalbumin TCR-transgenic mice: systemic neutralization of IL-12 augments TGF-beta secretion and T cell apoptosis. J Immunol. 15;157(6):2348-57.
[8] Willey J, Sherwood L, Woolverton C. 2008. Microbiology 7th ed. Prescott Harley &Kleins McGraw-Hill.
[9] Svanborg E C, Kulhavy R, Marlid S, Prince S Jand Mestecky J.1985. Urinary immunoglobulins in healthy individuals and children with acute pyelonephritis. Scand .J. Immunol.,305-313.
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[11] Marie-Christiane M, Valerie G R. 2001. Influence of Resident Intestinal Micro oral on the Development and Functions of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. 13: 65–86.
[12] Herman F. Staats and Francis A. Ennis, Jr. 1999. IL-1 Is an Effective Adjuvant for Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses When Coadministered with Protein Immunogens1, Herman F. Staats2 and Francis A. Ennis, Jr. The Journal of Immunology. 162: 6141–6147.
[13] Weiner HL. 2001. Oral tolerance: immune mechanisms and the generation of Th3-type TGF-beta-secreting regulatory cells. Microbes Infect. 3(11):947-54.
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[15] -Barone K S, Tolarova D D, Ormsby I, Doetschman T, Michael J G. 1998. Induction of oral tolerance in TGF-β1 null mice. J Immunol. 161:154–160.
[16] Mowat A M, Weiner H L. Oral tolerance: physiological basis and clinical applications.1999. In: Ogra P L, Mestecky J, Lamm M E, Strober W, Bienenstock J, McGhee J R, editors. Mucosal immunology. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: Academic Press; pp. 587–618.
[17] Mason KL, Huffnagle GB, Noverr MC, Kao JY. 2008. Overview of gut immunology. AdvExp Med Biol. 2008; 635:1-14. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-09550-9_1.
[18] Jasvir S J, Mark J P ,Suman G, Laura K. Phillip W. Marry E B, and Steven D L, Lucill L. 2012. Salivary glands act as mucosal inductive sites via the formation of ectopic germinal centers after site-restricted MCMV infection. J.FASEB, 25(5): 1680-1696.
[19] Weigle W O, 1998, Immune Tolerance Model, In.Delves P J and Roitt I M ed. Encyclopedia of Immunology 2d ed , Vol.4, Academic Press, New York, 2359-2361.
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Author Information
  • College of Biotechnology, Al-Kasim University, Babylon Province, Iraq

  • Medical Science Department, College of Nursing, Babylon University, Babylon Province, Iraq

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    Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa, Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi. (2015). Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 3(4-1), 13-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15

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    ACS Style

    Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa; Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi. Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2015, 3(4-1), 13-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15

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    AMA Style

    Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa, Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi. Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2015;3(4-1):13-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15,
      author = {Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa and Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi},
      title = {Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen},
      journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {4-1},
      pages = {13-16},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15},
      abstract = {It was demonstrated that the oral vaccine application of Salmonella typhi antigen can activate low antibody agglutinin titer (mean:40±0) comparing with high agglutination titer induced by Intramuscular administration  of Salmonella typhi antigen (mean 560.0 ± 51.64) as well as anti-Salmonella typhi IgG ELIZA shows high mean index value(mean = 0.6957±0.10) comparing with the low index value  induced by oral rout were (mean= 0.028±0.014) while anti Salmonella typhi IgM ELIZA test show mean index value = 0.6339±0.0385 comparing with low IgM index value (mean= 0.1560±0.070) induced by oral rout (Rsquared 0.7457, t test 3.3. The pro –inflammatory cytokines IL-1α was high in intramuscular rout 217.089±39.78 than its concentration with in oral administrated group (100.4±12.09), IL-12  was about  the same concentration both in oral rout and intramuscular rout subsequently (23.607 and 23.17) p value 0.01, R squared (0.3958).However the immune responses were  not absolutely absent in the oral administrated group, this reflect the fact that there is a selectivity in taking oral antigens from digestive mucosal surfaces but this immune feature and selectivity theme  may vary from antigen to another. In conclusion the recent and ongoing expansion of  a new information about the mucosal and  systemic immune responses lend a promise to provide the tools needed to exploit the full potential and development of both mucosal and intramuscular vaccines.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen
    AU  - Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa
    AU  - Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi
    Y1  - 2015/04/23
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
    T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    SP  - 13
    EP  - 16
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-880X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
    AB  - It was demonstrated that the oral vaccine application of Salmonella typhi antigen can activate low antibody agglutinin titer (mean:40±0) comparing with high agglutination titer induced by Intramuscular administration  of Salmonella typhi antigen (mean 560.0 ± 51.64) as well as anti-Salmonella typhi IgG ELIZA shows high mean index value(mean = 0.6957±0.10) comparing with the low index value  induced by oral rout were (mean= 0.028±0.014) while anti Salmonella typhi IgM ELIZA test show mean index value = 0.6339±0.0385 comparing with low IgM index value (mean= 0.1560±0.070) induced by oral rout (Rsquared 0.7457, t test 3.3. The pro –inflammatory cytokines IL-1α was high in intramuscular rout 217.089±39.78 than its concentration with in oral administrated group (100.4±12.09), IL-12  was about  the same concentration both in oral rout and intramuscular rout subsequently (23.607 and 23.17) p value 0.01, R squared (0.3958).However the immune responses were  not absolutely absent in the oral administrated group, this reflect the fact that there is a selectivity in taking oral antigens from digestive mucosal surfaces but this immune feature and selectivity theme  may vary from antigen to another. In conclusion the recent and ongoing expansion of  a new information about the mucosal and  systemic immune responses lend a promise to provide the tools needed to exploit the full potential and development of both mucosal and intramuscular vaccines.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 4-1
    ER  - 

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