Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages

López-Rodríguez Yadira; Orea-Tejeda Arturo; Castillo-Martínez Lilia; Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro; Keirns-Davis Candace; García-Castañeda Luis Roberto; Calvario-Monarca Elizabeth; Dávila-Radilla Fernando

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25

Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages

López-Rodríguez Yadira, Orea-Tejeda Arturo, Castillo-Martínez Lilia, Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro, Keirns-Davis Candace, García-Castañeda Luis Roberto, Calvario-Monarca Elizabeth, Dávila-Radilla Fernando

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 14 July 2014 Accepted: 14 August 2014 Published: 30 August 2014

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Background & aims: Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, the prognosis of heart failure is poor, especially with coexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). However little is known about how HF and CKD together influence the nutritional status, so the main objective of this study was to assess nutritional status in patients with heart failure coexisting with stage 1-5 renal disease. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 113 patients with HF and CKD that were classified into stages 1-5 according to the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. The following characteristics were recorded: co-morbidities, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, echocardiographic data, medication, and biochemical parameters (albumin, hemoglobin and electrolytes). Nutritional status was evaluated by bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) and subjective global assessment (SGA). Results: In the nutritional status evaluation by BIVA, 53.1% were cachectic, 23.9% obese and 21.12% normal. The prevalence of cachexia is higher with advancing stages of CKD, while hand grip strength, arm and waist circumferences decreased. In SGA 79.8% had a normal nutritional status, 16.8% mild malnutrition and 2.7% moderate-severe malnutrition. Hypoalbuminemia was presented in 22.5% of subjects, most commonly found in stages 1, 4 and 5; the prevalence of anemia was 47.2% and also increased with advancing stages of CKD, showing a prevalence of 13.3% in stage 1 and 100% stage 5. Conclusions: The prevalence of cachexia was higher in stages 3-5 of CKD, mild to severe malnutrition in stages 4 and 5, and anemia in stage 5, so HF and advanced CKD are associated with deteriorating nutritional status.

Published in	American Journal of Health Research (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25
Page(s)	196-202
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bioimpedance Vector Analysis, Nutritional Status, Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease

References

[1]	Dries DL, Exner D V, Domanski MJ, Greenberg B, Stevenson LW. The prognostic implications of renal insufficiency in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:681-689.
[2]	De Silva R, Nikitin NP, Witte KK a, Rigby AS, Goode K, Bhandari S, et al. Incidence of renal dysfunction over 6 months in patients with chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction: contributing factors and relationship to prognosis. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2006 Mar [cited 2013 Jun 6];27(5):569–81. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16364971
[3]	Jardim M das N, Costa HM da, Kopel L, Lage SG. Avaliação nutricional do cardiopata crítico em terapia de substituição renal: dificuldade diagnóstica. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva [Internet]. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva; 2009 Jun 1 [cited 2014 Jan 28];21(2):124–8. Available from: http://www.rbti.org.br/artigo/detalhes/0103507X-21-2-2
[4]	Cheung WW, Paik KH, Mak RH. Inflammation and cachexia in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol [Internet]. 2010 Apr [cited 2013 Oct 16];25(4):711–24. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20111974
[5]	Bennett SJ, Welch JL, Eckert GJ, Oldridge NB, Murray MD. Nutrition in chronic heart failure with coexisting chronic kidney disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs [Internet]. 2006;21(1):56–62. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16407738
[6]	Piccoli A, Codognotto M, Piasentin P, Naso A. Combined evaluation of nutrition and hydration in dialysis patients with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2013 Oct 17]; Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026156141300229X
[7]	Yamauti AK, Ochiai ME, Bifulco PS, Araújo MA De, Alonso RR, Ribeiro HC, et al. Subjective Global Assessment of Nutritional Status in Cardiac Patients. Arch Med Res. 2006;87(6):707–12.
[8]	Castillo-Martínez L, Colín-Ramírez E, Orea-Tejeda A, González Islas DG, Rodríguez García WD, Santillán Díaz C, et al. Cachexia assessed by bioimpedance vector analysis as a prognostic indicator in chronic stable heart failure patients. Nutrition [Internet]. 2012 Sep [cited 2013 Jul 2];28(9):886–91. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22480798
[9]	Bellizzi V, Scalfi L, Terracciano V, De Nicola L, Minutolo R, Marra M, et al. Early changes in bioelectrical estimates of body composition in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol [Internet]. 2006 May 1 [cited 2013 Aug 27];17(5):1481–7. Available from: http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/17/5/1481.full
[10]	Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, McMurray JJ V, Ponikowski P, Poole-Wilson PA, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2008 Oct [cited 2013 May 22];29(19):2388–442. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18799522
[11]	Detsky AS, McLaughlin JR, Baker JP, Johnston N, Whittaker S, Mendelson RA JK. What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 1987;11:8–13.
[12]	Norman K, Stobäus N, Gonzalez MC, Schulzke J-D, Pirlich M. Hand grip strength: outcome predictor and marker of nutritional status. Clin Nutr [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2011 May [cited 2013 May 31];30(2):135–42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21035927
[13]	Lukaski H, Johnson P, Bolonchuk W, Lykken G. Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 1985 Apr 1 [cited 2013 Oct 21];41(4):810–7. Available from: http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/41/4/810.short
[14]	Colín-Ramírez E, Castillo-Martínez L, Orea-Tejeda A, Vázquez-Durán M, Rodríguez AE, Keirns-Davis C. Bioelectrical impedance phase angle as a prognostic marker in chronic heart failure. Nutrition [Internet]. 2012 Sep [cited 2013 Jul 2];28(9):901–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22465907
[15]	Piccoli A, Rosell LDNJ. bioimpedancia en la práctica clínica. Nefrología. 2002;XXII(3):228–38.
[16]	Piccoli A, Rossi B, Pillon L BG. A new method of monitoring body fluid varitation by impedance analysis.pdf. Kidney Int. 1994;46:534–9.
[17]	Espinosa-Cuevas MA, Rivas-Rodríguez L, González-Medina EC, Atilano-Carsi X, Miranda-Alatriste P C-RR. Vectores de impedancia bioeléctrica para la composición corporal en población mexicana. Rev Investig clínica. 2007;59(1):15–24.
[18]	Levey AS. A More Accurate Method To Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine: A New Prediction Equation. Ann Intern Med [Internet]. American College of Physicians; 1999 Mar 16 [cited 2013 Oct 21];130(6):461. Available from: http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=712617
[19]	Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, Kausz AT, Levin A, Steffes MW et al. National Kidney Foundation Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:137–47.
[20]	Jadeja YP, Kher V. Protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease: An update with focus on nutritional interventions to improve outcomes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2012 Mar [cited 2013 Jul 15];16(2):246–51. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3313743&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
[21]	Chang Y-T, Wu H-L, Guo H-R, Cheng Y-Y, Tseng C-C, Wang M-C, et al. Handgrip strength is an independent predictor of renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney diseases. Nephrol Dial Transplant [Internet]. 2011 Nov [cited 2013 Jul 15];26(11):3588–95. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21444362
[22]	Izawa KP, Watanabe S, Osada N, Kasahara Y, Yokoyama H, Hiraki K, Morio Y, Yoshioka S, Oka K OK. Handgrip strength as a predictor of prognosis in Japanese patients with congestive heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009;16:21–7.
[23]	Cheung C-L, Nguyen U-SDT, Au E, Tan KCB, Kung AWC. Association of handgrip strength with chronic diseases and multimorbidity : A cross-sectional study. Age (Dordr) [Internet]. 2012 Feb 8 [cited 2013 Jun 3];1–13. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3636411&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
[24]	Segall L, Mardare N-G, Ungureanu S, Busuioc M, Nistor I, Enache R, et al. Nutritional status evaluation and survival in haemodialysis patients in one centre from Romania. Nephrol Dial Transplant [Internet]. 2009 Aug [cited 2013 Jul 15];24(8):2536–40. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19297358
[25]	Hussein MF. Prognostic Significance of Serum Albumin Levels in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure. Iraqui Postgrad Med J. 2012;11(3):411–8.
[26]	Souza WN De, Maria C, Araújo S De, Alves S, Moraes M De. Anemia , Renal Dysfunction and Malnutrition Associated with Heart Failure in Patients with Valvulopathy. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;94(6):745–9.
[27]	Borges dos Reis JF, AM SF, Vieira Bitencourt A, Cerqueira B, Neves S, Kuwano AY, et al. Prevalencia de Anemia e Insuficiencia Renal en Portadores de Insuficiencia Cardiaca No Hospitalizados. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2009;9(3):262–8.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

López-Rodríguez Yadira, Orea-Tejeda Arturo, Castillo-Martínez Lilia, Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro, Keirns-Davis Candace, et al. (2014). Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages. American Journal of Health Research, 2(4), 196-202. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25

Copy | Download

ACS Style

López-Rodríguez Yadira; Orea-Tejeda Arturo; Castillo-Martínez Lilia; Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro; Keirns-Davis Candace, et al. Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages. Am. J. Health Res. 2014, 2(4), 196-202. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25

Copy | Download

AMA Style

López-Rodríguez Yadira, Orea-Tejeda Arturo, Castillo-Martínez Lilia, Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro, Keirns-Davis Candace, et al. Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages. Am J Health Res. 2014;2(4):196-202. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25,
  author = {López-Rodríguez Yadira and Orea-Tejeda Arturo and Castillo-Martínez Lilia and Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro and Keirns-Davis Candace and García-Castañeda Luis Roberto and Calvario-Monarca Elizabeth and Dávila-Radilla Fernando},
  title = {Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {196-202},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20140204.25},
  abstract = {Background & aims: Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, the prognosis of heart failure is poor, especially with coexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). However little is known about how HF and CKD together influence the nutritional status, so the main objective of this study was to assess nutritional status in patients with heart failure coexisting with stage 1-5 renal disease. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 113 patients with HF and CKD that were classified into stages 1-5 according to the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. The following characteristics were recorded: co-morbidities, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, echocardiographic data, medication, and biochemical parameters (albumin, hemoglobin and electrolytes). Nutritional status was evaluated by bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) and subjective global assessment (SGA). Results: In the nutritional status evaluation by BIVA, 53.1% were cachectic, 23.9% obese and 21.12% normal. The prevalence of cachexia is higher with advancing stages of CKD, while hand grip strength, arm and waist circumferences decreased. In SGA 79.8% had a normal nutritional status, 16.8% mild malnutrition and 2.7% moderate-severe malnutrition. Hypoalbuminemia was presented in 22.5% of subjects, most commonly found in stages 1, 4 and 5; the prevalence of anemia was 47.2% and also increased with advancing stages of CKD, showing a prevalence of 13.3% in stage 1 and 100% stage 5. Conclusions: The prevalence of cachexia was higher in stages 3-5 of CKD, mild to severe malnutrition in stages 4 and 5, and anemia in stage 5, so HF and advanced CKD are associated with deteriorating nutritional status.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages
AU  - López-Rodríguez Yadira
AU  - Orea-Tejeda Arturo
AU  - Castillo-Martínez Lilia
AU  - Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro
AU  - Keirns-Davis Candace
AU  - García-Castañeda Luis Roberto
AU  - Calvario-Monarca Elizabeth
AU  - Dávila-Radilla Fernando
Y1  - 2014/08/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 196
EP  - 202
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25
AB  - Background & aims: Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, the prognosis of heart failure is poor, especially with coexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). However little is known about how HF and CKD together influence the nutritional status, so the main objective of this study was to assess nutritional status in patients with heart failure coexisting with stage 1-5 renal disease. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 113 patients with HF and CKD that were classified into stages 1-5 according to the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. The following characteristics were recorded: co-morbidities, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, echocardiographic data, medication, and biochemical parameters (albumin, hemoglobin and electrolytes). Nutritional status was evaluated by bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) and subjective global assessment (SGA). Results: In the nutritional status evaluation by BIVA, 53.1% were cachectic, 23.9% obese and 21.12% normal. The prevalence of cachexia is higher with advancing stages of CKD, while hand grip strength, arm and waist circumferences decreased. In SGA 79.8% had a normal nutritional status, 16.8% mild malnutrition and 2.7% moderate-severe malnutrition. Hypoalbuminemia was presented in 22.5% of subjects, most commonly found in stages 1, 4 and 5; the prevalence of anemia was 47.2% and also increased with advancing stages of CKD, showing a prevalence of 13.3% in stage 1 and 100% stage 5. Conclusions: The prevalence of cachexia was higher in stages 3-5 of CKD, mild to severe malnutrition in stages 4 and 5, and anemia in stage 5, so HF and advanced CKD are associated with deteriorating nutritional status.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

López-Rodríguez Yadira

Heart Failure Clinic at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, México
Orea-Tejeda Arturo

Heart Failure Clinic at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, México
Castillo-Martínez Lilia

Heart Failure Clinic at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, México
Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro

Heart Failure Clinic at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, México
Keirns-Davis Candace

Massachusetts General Hospital Interpreter Services, Boston, MA 02114, USA
García-Castañeda Luis Roberto
Calvario-Monarca Elizabeth

Heart Failure Clinic at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, México
Dávila-Radilla Fernando

Heart Failure Clinic at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, México

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

López-Rodríguez Yadira, Orea-Tejeda Arturo, Castillo-Martínez Lilia, Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro, Keirns-Davis Candace, et al. (2014). Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages. American Journal of Health Research, 2(4), 196-202. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25

Copy | Download

ACS Style

López-Rodríguez Yadira; Orea-Tejeda Arturo; Castillo-Martínez Lilia; Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro; Keirns-Davis Candace, et al. Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages. Am. J. Health Res. 2014, 2(4), 196-202. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25

Copy | Download

AMA Style

López-Rodríguez Yadira, Orea-Tejeda Arturo, Castillo-Martínez Lilia, Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro, Keirns-Davis Candace, et al. Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages. Am J Health Res. 2014;2(4):196-202. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25,
  author = {López-Rodríguez Yadira and Orea-Tejeda Arturo and Castillo-Martínez Lilia and Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro and Keirns-Davis Candace and García-Castañeda Luis Roberto and Calvario-Monarca Elizabeth and Dávila-Radilla Fernando},
  title = {Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {196-202},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20140204.25},
  abstract = {Background & aims: Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, the prognosis of heart failure is poor, especially with coexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). However little is known about how HF and CKD together influence the nutritional status, so the main objective of this study was to assess nutritional status in patients with heart failure coexisting with stage 1-5 renal disease. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 113 patients with HF and CKD that were classified into stages 1-5 according to the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. The following characteristics were recorded: co-morbidities, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, echocardiographic data, medication, and biochemical parameters (albumin, hemoglobin and electrolytes). Nutritional status was evaluated by bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) and subjective global assessment (SGA). Results: In the nutritional status evaluation by BIVA, 53.1% were cachectic, 23.9% obese and 21.12% normal. The prevalence of cachexia is higher with advancing stages of CKD, while hand grip strength, arm and waist circumferences decreased. In SGA 79.8% had a normal nutritional status, 16.8% mild malnutrition and 2.7% moderate-severe malnutrition. Hypoalbuminemia was presented in 22.5% of subjects, most commonly found in stages 1, 4 and 5; the prevalence of anemia was 47.2% and also increased with advancing stages of CKD, showing a prevalence of 13.3% in stage 1 and 100% stage 5. Conclusions: The prevalence of cachexia was higher in stages 3-5 of CKD, mild to severe malnutrition in stages 4 and 5, and anemia in stage 5, so HF and advanced CKD are associated with deteriorating nutritional status.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages
AU  - López-Rodríguez Yadira
AU  - Orea-Tejeda Arturo
AU  - Castillo-Martínez Lilia
AU  - Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro
AU  - Keirns-Davis Candace
AU  - García-Castañeda Luis Roberto
AU  - Calvario-Monarca Elizabeth
AU  - Dávila-Radilla Fernando
Y1  - 2014/08/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 196
EP  - 202
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.25
AB  - Background & aims: Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, the prognosis of heart failure is poor, especially with coexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). However little is known about how HF and CKD together influence the nutritional status, so the main objective of this study was to assess nutritional status in patients with heart failure coexisting with stage 1-5 renal disease. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 113 patients with HF and CKD that were classified into stages 1-5 according to the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. The following characteristics were recorded: co-morbidities, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, echocardiographic data, medication, and biochemical parameters (albumin, hemoglobin and electrolytes). Nutritional status was evaluated by bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) and subjective global assessment (SGA). Results: In the nutritional status evaluation by BIVA, 53.1% were cachectic, 23.9% obese and 21.12% normal. The prevalence of cachexia is higher with advancing stages of CKD, while hand grip strength, arm and waist circumferences decreased. In SGA 79.8% had a normal nutritional status, 16.8% mild malnutrition and 2.7% moderate-severe malnutrition. Hypoalbuminemia was presented in 22.5% of subjects, most commonly found in stages 1, 4 and 5; the prevalence of anemia was 47.2% and also increased with advancing stages of CKD, showing a prevalence of 13.3% in stage 1 and 100% stage 5. Conclusions: The prevalence of cachexia was higher in stages 3-5 of CKD, mild to severe malnutrition in stages 4 and 5, and anemia in stage 5, so HF and advanced CKD are associated with deteriorating nutritional status.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download