Cell Biology

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Early and Late Embryonic Loss of Smallholder Synchronized Dairy Cows Within Ethiopia

Received: 19 October 2019    Accepted: 26 November 2019    Published: 07 April 2020
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Abstract

This study was carried out on 53 cows selected from smallholder dairy farmers in the Ejerie, Adea Berga and Metarobi western Shoa of Oromia in Ethiopia. All of the cows were investigated in October and November, 2015 for their cyclicity, pregnancy and mainly for early embryonic mortality determination. Milk samples were collected from the 53 of synchronized lactating cows involved in the estrus synchronization programme at the time of AI (day 0). Out of lactating cows, 33 exhibited true heat but due heat detection error, only 26 lactating cows were inseminated in day AI (Artificial Insemination). After it was confirmed that 20 lactating cows were pregnant, then they were continued for further progesterone profiling starting from day 18 to 45 day of post AI at interval of 3 days for determination of early embryonic loss based on progesterone concentration. The milk sample was analyzed by Hormonost Farmer Test. Results of the study indicated that about 60% of lactating cows maintain pregnancy until 45-day post AI whereas 15%, 15% and 10% of early pregnant lactating cow’s loss their embryo at 21st to 24th days, 27th to 30th days and 33rd day of post AI, respectively. The average progesterone concentration for pregnant cows was 24.46 ng/ml at day 21 to day 45 post AI. Based on finding of this result monitoring and evaluating reproductive traits with progesterone profiling is recommended to improve the fertility of dairy cattle. Finally, embryonic loss detection may serve as a basis for improvement of fertility of dairy cows mean while it will help for designing appropriate breeding management of dairy cattle.

DOI 10.11648/j.cb.20200801.11
Published in Cell Biology (Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2020)
Page(s) 1-7
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Embryonic Mortality, Milk Progesterone, Progesterone Profiling

References
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[5] Diskin, M. G. and Sreenan J. M. (1980). Fertilization and embryonic mortality rates in beef heifers after artificial insemination. J. Reprod. Fertil. 59: 463–468.
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[12] Shamsuddin, M. M., U. Bhuiyan, P. K. Chanda, M. G. S. Alam and D. Galloway. (2005). Radioimmunoassay of milk progesterone as a tool for fertility control in smallholder dairy farms. Trop Anim Health Prod (2006) 38: 85–92.
[13] Butterfield, W. A. and A. W. Lishman. (1990). Progesterone profiles of postpartum dairy cows as an aid to diagnosis and treatment of reproductive disorders. Department of Animal Science, University of Natal, P. O. Box 375, Pietermaritzburg 3200, Republic of South Africa. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 20 (4).
[14] Shearer, J. K. (2003). The Milk Progesterone Test and Its Applications in Dairy cattle reproduction. Animal Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
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Author Information
  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Center, Holeta, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Center, Holeta, Ethiopia

  • International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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    Bainesagn Worku, Million Tadesse, Azage Tegegne. (2020). Early and Late Embryonic Loss of Smallholder Synchronized Dairy Cows Within Ethiopia. Cell Biology, 8(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20200801.11

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    Bainesagn Worku; Million Tadesse; Azage Tegegne. Early and Late Embryonic Loss of Smallholder Synchronized Dairy Cows Within Ethiopia. Cell Biol. 2020, 8(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.cb.20200801.11

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    AMA Style

    Bainesagn Worku, Million Tadesse, Azage Tegegne. Early and Late Embryonic Loss of Smallholder Synchronized Dairy Cows Within Ethiopia. Cell Biol. 2020;8(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.cb.20200801.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cb.20200801.11,
      author = {Bainesagn Worku and Million Tadesse and Azage Tegegne},
      title = {Early and Late Embryonic Loss of Smallholder Synchronized Dairy Cows Within Ethiopia},
      journal = {Cell Biology},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-7},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cb.20200801.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20200801.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cb.20200801.11},
      abstract = {This study was carried out on 53 cows selected from smallholder dairy farmers in the Ejerie, Adea Berga and Metarobi western Shoa of Oromia in Ethiopia. All of the cows were investigated in October and November, 2015 for their cyclicity, pregnancy and mainly for early embryonic mortality determination. Milk samples were collected from the 53 of synchronized lactating cows involved in the estrus synchronization programme at the time of AI (day 0). Out of lactating cows, 33 exhibited true heat but due heat detection error, only 26 lactating cows were inseminated in day AI (Artificial Insemination). After it was confirmed that 20 lactating cows were pregnant, then they were continued for further progesterone profiling starting from day 18 to 45 day of post AI at interval of 3 days for determination of early embryonic loss based on progesterone concentration. The milk sample was analyzed by Hormonost Farmer Test. Results of the study indicated that about 60% of lactating cows maintain pregnancy until 45-day post AI whereas 15%, 15% and 10% of early pregnant lactating cow’s loss their embryo at 21st to 24th days, 27th to 30th days and 33rd day of post AI, respectively. The average progesterone concentration for pregnant cows was 24.46 ng/ml at day 21 to day 45 post AI. Based on finding of this result monitoring and evaluating reproductive traits with progesterone profiling is recommended to improve the fertility of dairy cattle. Finally, embryonic loss detection may serve as a basis for improvement of fertility of dairy cows mean while it will help for designing appropriate breeding management of dairy cattle.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    T1  - Early and Late Embryonic Loss of Smallholder Synchronized Dairy Cows Within Ethiopia
    AU  - Bainesagn Worku
    AU  - Million Tadesse
    AU  - Azage Tegegne
    Y1  - 2020/04/07
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20200801.11
    AB  - This study was carried out on 53 cows selected from smallholder dairy farmers in the Ejerie, Adea Berga and Metarobi western Shoa of Oromia in Ethiopia. All of the cows were investigated in October and November, 2015 for their cyclicity, pregnancy and mainly for early embryonic mortality determination. Milk samples were collected from the 53 of synchronized lactating cows involved in the estrus synchronization programme at the time of AI (day 0). Out of lactating cows, 33 exhibited true heat but due heat detection error, only 26 lactating cows were inseminated in day AI (Artificial Insemination). After it was confirmed that 20 lactating cows were pregnant, then they were continued for further progesterone profiling starting from day 18 to 45 day of post AI at interval of 3 days for determination of early embryonic loss based on progesterone concentration. The milk sample was analyzed by Hormonost Farmer Test. Results of the study indicated that about 60% of lactating cows maintain pregnancy until 45-day post AI whereas 15%, 15% and 10% of early pregnant lactating cow’s loss their embryo at 21st to 24th days, 27th to 30th days and 33rd day of post AI, respectively. The average progesterone concentration for pregnant cows was 24.46 ng/ml at day 21 to day 45 post AI. Based on finding of this result monitoring and evaluating reproductive traits with progesterone profiling is recommended to improve the fertility of dairy cattle. Finally, embryonic loss detection may serve as a basis for improvement of fertility of dairy cows mean while it will help for designing appropriate breeding management of dairy cattle.
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