Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes

Wael Ghonimi; Ahmad Balah; Mohamed Hafez Bareedy; Hoda Fa Salem; Shehata Mm Soliman; Ahmad Elbaz; Amr Helal; Ahmad Awad Abuel-Atta

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11

Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes

Wael Ghonimi, Ahmad Balah, Mohamed Hafez Bareedy, Hoda Fa Salem, Shehata Mm Soliman, Ahmad Elbaz, Amr Helal, Ahmad Awad Abuel-Atta

Published in Cell Biology (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 28 February 2015 Accepted: 5 May 2015 Published: 13 May 2015

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Abstract

The sinu-atrial node (SAN) is one of the impulse conducting system of the camel heart. Anatomically, it lies beneath the epicardium, at the cranial end of the terminal sulcus, near the junction between the superior vena cava to the lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle. Histologically, SAN is located in the subepicardial layer of the terminal crest and can be identified as a mass of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes. Moreover, it appeared elongated in shape and bent oblong. SAN appears strongly similar to the general structure of the glands where, it is formed of two parts; the stroma and the parenchyma. The stroma is consisted of a fibrous connective tissue capsule that is completely investing the SAN from all sides. From the capsule, thin connective tissue septa or trabeculae are extending to inside the node, dividing the later into lobes. These lobes form the SAN head or the SAN body. From this body, the SAN arms processes take their way out. These arms are considered the internodal and interatrial pathways to the different sites in the right and left atria. So, the SAN head with arms giving the octopus like-appearance for the node. The parenchyma is consisted of three different types of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes; the perinuclear clear zone cells (“P” cells), the transitional cells (“T” cells) and the atrial Purkinje like cells or Purkinje like conducting cells.

Published in	Cell Biology (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11
Page(s)	25-33
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sinus Node, Perinuclear Clear Zone Cells, Transitional Cells, Atrial Purkinje Like Cells, Heart, Dromedary Camel, SAN

References

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[18]	Ghazi, S. R, Nabipour, A and Tadjalli, M., (1998): Anatomy of the sinus node of domestic cats (Felis catus). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 14: 57-64.
[19]	Nabipour, A, and Tahoonghi, M. (2008): Histological study on the sinu-atrial node of turkey. World Journal of Zoology., 3(1): 8-12.
[20]	Kim, Y. and Yasuda, M. ( 1979): The cardiac conducting system of the fowl. Anat. Histol. Embryol., 8: 138-150.
[21]	Bakker, M. L., Moorman, A. F. M., and Christoffels, V. M.(2010): The atrioventricular node: origin, development, and genetic program. TCM., 20(5):164-170.
[22]	Nabipour, A. (2012): Comparative histological structure of the sinus node in mammals. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci.,36(5): 463−469.
[23]	Ho, S. Y., Anderson, R. H., and Sanchez-Quintana, D.(2002): Atrial structure and fibers: morphologic bases of atrial conduction. Cardiovascular Research. 54: 325- 336.
[24]	Nabipour, A. (2004): Anatomy and histology of the sinu-atrial node in the heart of guinea pig (Cavia Percellus). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 41-43.
[25]	Ghonimi W, Balah A, Bareedy MH, Abuel-atta AA (2015) Some histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies on the heart wall of the mature one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) . Ph. D. thesis. Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig university. Cairo. Egypt.

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Wael Ghonimi, Ahmad Balah, Mohamed Hafez Bareedy, Hoda Fa Salem, Shehata Mm Soliman, et al. (2015). Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes. Cell Biology, 3(2), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11

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ACS Style

Wael Ghonimi; Ahmad Balah; Mohamed Hafez Bareedy; Hoda Fa Salem; Shehata Mm Soliman, et al. Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes. Cell Biol. 2015, 3(2), 25-33. doi: 10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11

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AMA Style

Wael Ghonimi, Ahmad Balah, Mohamed Hafez Bareedy, Hoda Fa Salem, Shehata Mm Soliman, et al. Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes. Cell Biol. 2015;3(2):25-33. doi: 10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11,
  author = {Wael Ghonimi and Ahmad Balah and Mohamed Hafez Bareedy and Hoda Fa Salem and Shehata Mm Soliman and Ahmad Elbaz and Amr Helal and Ahmad Awad Abuel-Atta},
  title = {Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes},
  journal = {Cell Biology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {25-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cb.20150302.11},
  abstract = {The sinu-atrial node (SAN) is one of the impulse conducting system of the camel heart. Anatomically, it lies beneath the epicardium, at the cranial end of the terminal sulcus, near the junction between the superior vena cava to the lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle. Histologically, SAN is located in the subepicardial layer of the terminal crest and can be identified as a mass of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes. Moreover, it appeared elongated in shape and bent oblong. SAN appears strongly similar to the general structure of the glands where, it is formed of two parts; the stroma and the parenchyma. The stroma is consisted of a fibrous connective tissue capsule that is completely investing the SAN from all sides. From the capsule, thin connective tissue septa or trabeculae are extending to inside the node, dividing the later into lobes. These lobes form the SAN head or the SAN body. From this body, the SAN arms processes take their way out. These arms are considered the internodal and interatrial pathways to the different sites in the right and left atria. So, the SAN head with arms giving the octopus like-appearance for the node. The parenchyma is consisted of three different types of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes; the perinuclear clear zone cells (“P” cells), the transitional cells (“T” cells) and the atrial Purkinje like cells or Purkinje like conducting cells.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes
AU - Wael Ghonimi
AU - Ahmad Balah
AU - Mohamed Hafez Bareedy
AU - Hoda Fa Salem
AU - Shehata Mm Soliman
AU - Ahmad Elbaz
AU - Amr Helal
AU - Ahmad Awad Abuel-Atta
Y1 - 2015/05/13
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11
DO - 10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11
T2 - Cell Biology
JF - Cell Biology
JO - Cell Biology
SP - 25
EP - 33
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-0183
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11
AB - The sinu-atrial node (SAN) is one of the impulse conducting system of the camel heart. Anatomically, it lies beneath the epicardium, at the cranial end of the terminal sulcus, near the junction between the superior vena cava to the lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle. Histologically, SAN is located in the subepicardial layer of the terminal crest and can be identified as a mass of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes. Moreover, it appeared elongated in shape and bent oblong. SAN appears strongly similar to the general structure of the glands where, it is formed of two parts; the stroma and the parenchyma. The stroma is consisted of a fibrous connective tissue capsule that is completely investing the SAN from all sides. From the capsule, thin connective tissue septa or trabeculae are extending to inside the node, dividing the later into lobes. These lobes form the SAN head or the SAN body. From this body, the SAN arms processes take their way out. These arms are considered the internodal and interatrial pathways to the different sites in the right and left atria. So, the SAN head with arms giving the octopus like-appearance for the node. The parenchyma is consisted of three different types of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes; the perinuclear clear zone cells (“P” cells), the transitional cells (“T” cells) and the atrial Purkinje like cells or Purkinje like conducting cells.
VL - 3
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Wael Ghonimi

Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Ahmad Balah

Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Mohamed Hafez Bareedy

Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Hoda Fa Salem

Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Shehata Mm Soliman

Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
Ahmad Elbaz

Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Amr Helal

Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Ahmad Awad Abuel-Atta

Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

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APA Style

Wael Ghonimi, Ahmad Balah, Mohamed Hafez Bareedy, Hoda Fa Salem, Shehata Mm Soliman, et al. (2015). Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes. Cell Biology, 3(2), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11

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ACS Style

Wael Ghonimi; Ahmad Balah; Mohamed Hafez Bareedy; Hoda Fa Salem; Shehata Mm Soliman, et al. Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes. Cell Biol. 2015, 3(2), 25-33. doi: 10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11

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AMA Style

Wael Ghonimi, Ahmad Balah, Mohamed Hafez Bareedy, Hoda Fa Salem, Shehata Mm Soliman, et al. Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes. Cell Biol. 2015;3(2):25-33. doi: 10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11,
  author = {Wael Ghonimi and Ahmad Balah and Mohamed Hafez Bareedy and Hoda Fa Salem and Shehata Mm Soliman and Ahmad Elbaz and Amr Helal and Ahmad Awad Abuel-Atta},
  title = {Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes},
  journal = {Cell Biology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {25-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cb.20150302.11},
  abstract = {The sinu-atrial node (SAN) is one of the impulse conducting system of the camel heart. Anatomically, it lies beneath the epicardium, at the cranial end of the terminal sulcus, near the junction between the superior vena cava to the lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle. Histologically, SAN is located in the subepicardial layer of the terminal crest and can be identified as a mass of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes. Moreover, it appeared elongated in shape and bent oblong. SAN appears strongly similar to the general structure of the glands where, it is formed of two parts; the stroma and the parenchyma. The stroma is consisted of a fibrous connective tissue capsule that is completely investing the SAN from all sides. From the capsule, thin connective tissue septa or trabeculae are extending to inside the node, dividing the later into lobes. These lobes form the SAN head or the SAN body. From this body, the SAN arms processes take their way out. These arms are considered the internodal and interatrial pathways to the different sites in the right and left atria. So, the SAN head with arms giving the octopus like-appearance for the node. The parenchyma is consisted of three different types of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes; the perinuclear clear zone cells (“P” cells), the transitional cells (“T” cells) and the atrial Purkinje like cells or Purkinje like conducting cells.},
 year = {2015}
}

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