International Journal of Genetics and Genomics

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Mechanisms of Photoperiod in Regulation of Rice Flowering

Received: 06 February 2014    Accepted:     Published: 10 March 2014
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Abstract

A study on the photoperiodic control of flower in rice is advancing and rice has become an example of short day plant. Many genes used in flowering time determination in rice have been identified by many methods. The conclusion from these molecular studies is a remarkable conservation of genes which play an important role in the control of flowering time in rice. The rice photoperiod sensitivity gene Hd3a was originally detected as a heading date related quantitative trait locus found on chromosome 6 of rice. High resolution linkage mapping of Hd3a was carried using a huge segregating population derived from advanced backcross progeny between a japonica variety, Nipponbare, and an indica variety, Kasalath. Researchers revealed that there are three (3) pathways for the day length regulation of flowering in rice, short day activation pathway and long day suppression pathway lastly the long day activation pathway. Some genes where used in multiple pathways and others are specific to a particular pathway. There regulation also depends on the developmental stages. Rice may be an ideal plant to study the night break effect on flowering. In the near future there would be a need for better understanding of the control of flowering in rice at the genetic level.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijgg.20140201.11
Published in International Journal of Genetics and Genomics (Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014)
Page(s) 1-5
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Photoperiod, Heading Date, Short Day Plant, Long Day Plant

References
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[2] Khush, G.S., Origin, dispersal, cultivation and variation of rice, in Oryza: From Molecule to Plant. 1997, Springer. p. 25-34.
[3] Sohrabi, M., et al., Genetic Diversity of Upland Rice Germplasm in Malaysia Based on Quantitative Traits. The Scientific World Journal, 2012. 2012.
[4] Jeon, J.-S., et al., Genetic and molecular insights into the enhancement of rice yield potential. Journal of Plant Biology, 2011. 54(1): p. 1-9.
[5] Srikanth, A. and M. Schmid, Regulation of flowering time: all roads lead to Rome. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2011. 68(12): p. 2013-2037.
[6] Komiya, R., et al., Hd3a and RFT1 are essential for flowering in rice. Development, 2008. 135(4): p. 767-774.
[7] Shimamoto, K. and S. Yokoi, The Photoperiodic Control of Flowering in Rice, a Short-Day Plant, in Light Sensing in Plants. 2005, Springer. p. 339-346.
[8] Searle, I. and G. Coupland, Induction of flowering by seasonal changes in photoperiod. The EMBO Journal, 2004. 23(6): p. 1217-1222.
[9] Second, G., Origin of the genic diversity of cultivated rice (Oryza spp.): study of the polymorphism scored at 40 isozyme loci. Jpn J genet, 1982. 57: p. 25-57.
[10] Yano, M., et al., Genetic control of flowering time in rice, a short-day plant. Plant Physiology, 2001. 127(4): p. 1425-1429.
[11] Kojima, S., et al., Hd3a, a rice ortholog of the Arabidopsis FT gene, promotes transition to flowering downstream of Hd1 under short-day conditions. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2002. 43(10): p. 1096-1105.
[12] Izawa, T., Adaptation of flowering-time by natural and artificial selection in Arabidopsis and rice. Journal of experimental botany, 2007. 58(12): p. 3091-3097.
[13] Izawa, T., et al., Phytochrome mediates the external light signal to repress FT orthologs in photoperiodic flowering of rice. Genes & development, 2002. 16(15): p. 2006-2020.
[14] Yano, M., et al., Hd1, a major photoperiod sensitivity quantitative trait locus in rice, is closely related to the Arabidopsis flowering time gene CONSTANS. The Plant Cell Online, 2000. 12(12): p. 2473-2483.
[15] Ishikawa, R., et al., Suppression of the floral activator Hd3a is the principal cause of the night break effect in rice. The Plant Cell Online, 2005. 17(12): p. 3326-3336.
[16] Brambilla, V. and F. Fornara, Molecular Control of Flowering in Response to Day Length in Rice. Journal of integrative plant biology, 2013.
[17] Yano, M., et al., Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling heading date in rice using a high-density linkage map. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1997. 95(7): p. 1025-1032.
[18] Yamamoto, T., et al., Identification of heading date quantitative trait locus Hd6 and characterization of its epistatic interactions with Hd2 in rice using advanced backcross progeny. Genetics, 2000. 154(2): p. 885-891.
[19] Gowda, M., et al., Advances in rice breeding, genetics and genomics. Molecular Breeding, 2003. 11(4): p. 337-352.
[20] Wang, J.-D., et al., Ectopic expression of OsMADS45 activates the upstream genes Hd3a and RFT1 at an early development stage causing early flowering in rice. Botanical Studies, 2013. 54(1): p. 12.
[21] SONG, Y.-l. and W.-j. LUAN, Molecular Regulatory Network of Flowering by Photoperiod and Temperature in Rice. Rice Science, 2012. 19(3): p. 169-176.
[22] Matsubara, K., et al., Natural variation in Hd17, a homolog of Arabidopsis ELF3 that is involved in rice photoperiodic flowering. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2012. 53(4): p. 709-716.
Author Information
  • Department of Biological science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biological science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria

  • Department of Micro Biology, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria

  • Department of Biology, Isah Kaita College of Education, katsina State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biochemistry, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria

  • Department of Biological science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria

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    Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara, Salisu Muhammad Tahir, Idris Shehu, Mustapha Abbah, Ummar Shitu, et al. (2014). Mechanisms of Photoperiod in Regulation of Rice Flowering. International Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20140201.11

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    ACS Style

    Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara; Salisu Muhammad Tahir; Idris Shehu; Mustapha Abbah; Ummar Shitu, et al. Mechanisms of Photoperiod in Regulation of Rice Flowering. Int. J. Genet. Genomics 2014, 2(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20140201.11

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    AMA Style

    Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara, Salisu Muhammad Tahir, Idris Shehu, Mustapha Abbah, Ummar Shitu, et al. Mechanisms of Photoperiod in Regulation of Rice Flowering. Int J Genet Genomics. 2014;2(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20140201.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijgg.20140201.11,
      author = {Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara and Salisu Muhammad Tahir and Idris Shehu and Mustapha Abbah and Ummar Shitu and Zainab Idris Ladidi and Aisha Ishaq Jumare},
      title = {Mechanisms of Photoperiod in Regulation of Rice Flowering},
      journal = {International Journal of Genetics and Genomics},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-5},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijgg.20140201.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20140201.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijgg.20140201.11},
      abstract = {A study on the photoperiodic control of flower in rice is advancing and rice has become an example of short day plant. Many genes used in flowering time determination in rice have been identified by many methods. The conclusion from these molecular studies is a remarkable conservation of genes which play an important role in the control of flowering time in rice. The rice photoperiod sensitivity gene Hd3a was originally detected as a heading date related quantitative trait locus found on chromosome 6 of rice. High resolution linkage mapping of Hd3a was carried using a huge segregating population derived from advanced backcross progeny between a japonica variety, Nipponbare, and an indica variety, Kasalath. Researchers revealed that there are three (3) pathways for the day length regulation of flowering in rice, short day activation pathway and long day suppression pathway lastly the long day activation pathway. Some genes where used in multiple pathways and others are specific to a particular pathway. There regulation also depends on the developmental stages. Rice may be an ideal plant to study the night break effect on flowering. In the near future there would be a need for better understanding of the control of flowering in rice at the genetic level.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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    AU  - Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara
    AU  - Salisu Muhammad Tahir
    AU  - Idris Shehu
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    AU  - Aisha Ishaq Jumare
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    T2  - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics
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    JO  - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20140201.11
    AB  - A study on the photoperiodic control of flower in rice is advancing and rice has become an example of short day plant. Many genes used in flowering time determination in rice have been identified by many methods. The conclusion from these molecular studies is a remarkable conservation of genes which play an important role in the control of flowering time in rice. The rice photoperiod sensitivity gene Hd3a was originally detected as a heading date related quantitative trait locus found on chromosome 6 of rice. High resolution linkage mapping of Hd3a was carried using a huge segregating population derived from advanced backcross progeny between a japonica variety, Nipponbare, and an indica variety, Kasalath. Researchers revealed that there are three (3) pathways for the day length regulation of flowering in rice, short day activation pathway and long day suppression pathway lastly the long day activation pathway. Some genes where used in multiple pathways and others are specific to a particular pathway. There regulation also depends on the developmental stages. Rice may be an ideal plant to study the night break effect on flowering. In the near future there would be a need for better understanding of the control of flowering in rice at the genetic level.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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