American Journal of Life Sciences

| Peer-Reviewed |

Darwin’s Theory is the Mixture of Malthus’s Theory and Lyell’s Theory and Darwin Use Wrong Lamarck’s Theory as Well as Believe as a Mechanism of Evolution

Received: 16 April 2014    Accepted: 04 May 2014    Published: 30 May 2014
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Darwin’s theory of natural selection is a mixture of Lyell’s theory and Malthus’s theory and Darwin used wrong Lamarck’s theory, theme of sociologist Herbert Spencer ‘survival of the fittest’ plus believes as the mechanism of evolution. Evidences are provided form his paper 1858, ‘Origin of Species’ and ‘Descent of Man’ his autobiography and different text books. Diverse literatures showed that Lyell declared in ‘Principle of Geology’ that the earth was evolved from the simple to the modern stage by slow and gradual (he utilized gradual 170 times) process by natural forces during millions of years. Darwin applied this view to natural selection. But he used ‘living organisms’ in lieu of the ‘earth surface’ and confirmed that all the living organisms evolved by slow and gradual process from a few previous simple organisms over millions of years. Furthermore, Darwin used Lyell’s name and his idea gradual 27 times in ‘Origin of Species’ and 9 times in ‘Descent of Man’. Malthus argued in ‘Principle of population’ geometrical increasing of human population and confirmed that as many more individuals are born can possibly survive. So, there is often struggle for existence and competition is compulsory. Darwin adopted this idea in his theory of natural selection but he used ‘all living organisms’ instead of ‘Human’. Additionally, Darwin applied Malthus thought geometrical increase 11 times, struggle 84 times, existence 69 and competition 44 times in ‘Origin of Species’. Thus, Darwin synthesized natural selection by the mixture of Malthus theory and Lyell’s theory in 1889. Moreover, he applied wrong Lamarck’s theory disuse 41 places in ‘Origin of Species’ and 15 places in ‘Descent of Man’. He acknowledged that principles of natural selection is shadowed of forth principles of Lamarck and the problem of human evolution can never be solved by science. Man is considered with other some ancient, lower, and extinct form, Lamarck long ago came to this conclusion. Six classical World renowned persons (Darwin, Wallace, Malthus, Lyell, Lamarck and Spencer) direct related to development of ‘natural selection’ (Origin Species and Descent of Man) but four persons are academically nonscientist (Darwin, Malthus, Lyell and Spencer) even two main persons are academically clergyman man (Darwin and Malthus). Even, Darwin applied unscientific idea ‘I believe’ and similar theme 372 times in ‘Origin of Species’ and 264 times in ‘Descent of Man’. However, believe is not science as believe in God is not science.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajls.20140203.12
Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014)
Page(s) 128-137
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Natural Selection, Geology, Paleontology, Soil, Evolution, Human, Population Increase, Inheritance of Acquired Structure, Faith

References
[1] Alters, S. 1996. Biology, Understanding Life, 2nd ed. Mosby, St. Lois, p. 434.
[2] Altenburg, E. 1970. Genetics (rev. Edn.) Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 475-76
[3] Anonymous. 2014. Charles Lyell and Uniformitarianism (web.ics.purdue.edu~curd/lyellhd.html). Last visited 11.04.14
[4] Birdsell, J. B.1975. Human Evolution: An Introduction to the New Physical Anthropology, 2nd ed. Rand Mc.Naly College Publishing Co., Chicago, pp.,29, 31.
[5] Boyd, R., and Silk, J. B. 1997. How Human Evolved? W.W. Norton and Co., New York, 674p.
[6] Buffaloe, N.D., 1963. Principles of Biology. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood, Cliffs, New Jersey, pp.319, 327.
[7] Campbell, N. A. 1996. Biology, 4th ed. The Benjamin Cumin Publishing Co., Inc., Melono Park, Califonia, p.404.
[8] Cockrum, E.L. and McCauley, W.J. 1965. Zoology (Saunders Stud. ed.) W.B. Saunders Co., London, pp.63,630.
[9] Darwin, C. 1858. On the variation of organic beings in a state of nature, on the natural means of selection; on the comparison of domestic races and true species. J. Linn. Soc. London Zool. 3: 45-62.
[10] Darwin, C. 1859. ‘Origin of Species’. Oxford University Press, London.
[11] Darwin, C. 1872. On line ‘Origin of Species’. (http.//www.literature.org/authors/.../the-origin-of-species-6th-edition/)
[12] Darwin, C. 1871. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. Appleton and Co., (1883), New York.[Darwin online: The Descent of Man (www. darwin-online.org.uk/.../Freeman_TheDescent-of-Man.html].
[13] Darwin, C. 1874. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2nd ed., revised and aumented). John Murary, Albemarle Street, London, p.v. [Darwin online: The Descent of Man (www. dar-win-online.org.uk/.../Freeman_TheDescentofMan.html]
[14] Darwin, C. R. 1882. The Descent of Man, And Selection in Relation to Sex,2nd ed. John Murray, Albemarle Street, London, pp. 44-46. [Darwin online: The Descent of Man (www. darwin-online.org.uk/.../Freeman_TheDescentofMan.html]
[15] Dobzhansky, T. 1955. Evolution, Genetics and Man. Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.115.
[16] Dodson, E. O. 1960. Evolution: Process and Product, east-west student ed. Affiliated East West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp.9, 78.
[17] Ehrlich, P. R.; Holm, R. H., and Soule, M.E. 1973. Introductory Biology. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Ltd., New York, p.71.
[18] Gottfried, S. S. 1993. Biology Today. Mosby, St. Louis, p.433.
[19] Hickman, C. P. 1970. Integrated Principles of Zoology, 4th ed. The C.V. Mosby Co., Saint Lois, P.775.
[20] Ho, Mae-Wan. 1988. On not holding nature still: Evolution by process, not by consequence. In M.-W. Ho and S.W Fox. (eds.). Evolution process and Metaphores. John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp.174.
[21] Kottak, C. P. 1978. Anthropology, 2nd ed. Random House, Inc., New York.
[22] Laetsch, W. M. 1979. Plants: Basic Concepts in Botany. Little Brown and Co., Boston, Toronto, p. 415.
[23] Macionis, J. J. 1991. Sociology, 2nd and 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Clifts, New Jersey, pp.566-67.
[24] Mader, S. 2001. Inquiry into Life, 11th ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, p.552.
[25] Miller, S. A. and Harley, J. P.1996. Zoology, Animal Kingdom. Wm. C. Brown Publishers, London, p.29.
[26] Noland, G. B., and Beaver, W. C. 1975. General Biology, 9th ed. The C.V. Mosby Co., Saint Louis. P.499.
[27] Raven, P.H., Evert, R.F., and Curtis, H. 1980. Biology of Plants, 2nd ed. Worth Publishers Inc., New York, p.144.
[28] Rastogi, V.B. 1994. Organic Evolution. Kedernath Ramnath, India, p.91.
[29] Ritche, D. D. and Carola, R. G. 1983. Biology. Addison-Wiley Publishing Co., Inc., Califonia, p.506- 508.
[30] Sambamurty, A. V. S. S. 1999. Genetics. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, London, p.245.
[31] Samuelson, P. A., and Nordahaus, W. D. 1989. Economics, 13th ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, pp.830-31.
[32] Schiller, B. R. 1989. The Economy Today, 4th ed. Randon House, Business division, New York, pp.429-30.
[33] Sinnott, W. E., and Wilson, K. S. 1963. Botany: Principle and Problems, 6th ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New Yorkp.312.
[34] Snustad, D. P., M.J. Simmons, and J. B. Jenkins. 1997. Principles of Genetics. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 773.
[35] Venkatesan, V. 2014. Ville, C. A., Walker, W.F. and Rice Catalyst Charles Lyell - Uniformitarianism and Evolutionary...(catalyst.rice.edu/discoveries/) Last visited 11.04.14
[36] Ville, C. A., Walker, W.F. and Smith, F. E. 1968. General Zoology. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, p.648.
[37] Wallace, A.R. 1858. On the tendency of variety to depart indefinitely from the original type. J. Linn. Soc. (London). 3: 53-62.
[38] Wallace, R.A. 1990. Biology, the world of life (5th ed.) Harper Collins Publishers Inc., New York, pp.9, 14.
[39] WBES. 1994. Man and Woman in Science, Index: The World Book Encyclopedia of Science, World Book, Inc., Chicago p.8, 43, 48.
[40] Welch, C. A. 1976. Biological Science: Molecule to Man. Houghton Miffin Co., Boston, p.89.
Author Information
  • Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Md. Abdul Ahad. (2014). Darwin’s Theory is the Mixture of Malthus’s Theory and Lyell’s Theory and Darwin Use Wrong Lamarck’s Theory as Well as Believe as a Mechanism of Evolution. American Journal of Life Sciences, 2(3), 128-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140203.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Md. Abdul Ahad. Darwin’s Theory is the Mixture of Malthus’s Theory and Lyell’s Theory and Darwin Use Wrong Lamarck’s Theory as Well as Believe as a Mechanism of Evolution. Am. J. Life Sci. 2014, 2(3), 128-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140203.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Md. Abdul Ahad. Darwin’s Theory is the Mixture of Malthus’s Theory and Lyell’s Theory and Darwin Use Wrong Lamarck’s Theory as Well as Believe as a Mechanism of Evolution. Am J Life Sci. 2014;2(3):128-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140203.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajls.20140203.12,
      author = {Md. Abdul Ahad},
      title = {Darwin’s Theory is the Mixture of Malthus’s Theory and Lyell’s Theory and Darwin Use Wrong Lamarck’s Theory as Well as Believe as a Mechanism of Evolution},
      journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
      volume = {2},
      number = {3},
      pages = {128-137},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20140203.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140203.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20140203.12},
      abstract = {Darwin’s theory of natural selection is a mixture of Lyell’s theory and Malthus’s theory and Darwin used wrong Lamarck’s theory, theme of sociologist Herbert Spencer ‘survival of the fittest’ plus believes as the mechanism of evolution. Evidences are provided form his paper 1858, ‘Origin of Species’ and ‘Descent of Man’ his autobiography and different text books. Diverse literatures showed that Lyell declared in  ‘Principle of Geology’ that the earth was evolved from the simple to the modern stage by slow and gradual (he utilized gradual 170 times) process by natural forces during millions of years. Darwin applied this view to natural selection. But he used ‘living organisms’ in lieu of the ‘earth surface’ and confirmed that all the living organisms evolved by slow and gradual process from a few previous simple organisms over millions of years. Furthermore, Darwin used Lyell’s name and his idea gradual 27 times in ‘Origin of Species’ and 9 times in ‘Descent of Man’. Malthus argued in ‘Principle of population’ geometrical increasing of human population and confirmed that as many more individuals are born can possibly survive. So, there is often struggle for existence and competition is compulsory. Darwin adopted this idea in his theory of natural selection but he used ‘all living organisms’ instead of ‘Human’. Additionally, Darwin applied Malthus thought geometrical increase 11 times, struggle 84 times, existence 69 and competition 44 times in ‘Origin of Species’. Thus, Darwin synthesized natural selection by the mixture of Malthus theory and Lyell’s theory in 1889. Moreover, he applied wrong Lamarck’s theory disuse 41 places in ‘Origin of Species’ and 15 places in ‘Descent of Man’. He acknowledged that principles of natural selection is shadowed of forth principles of Lamarck and the problem of human evolution can never be solved by science. Man is considered with other some ancient, lower, and extinct form, Lamarck long ago came to this conclusion. Six classical World renowned persons (Darwin, Wallace, Malthus, Lyell, Lamarck and Spencer) direct related to development of ‘natural selection’ (Origin Species and Descent of Man) but four persons are academically nonscientist (Darwin, Malthus, Lyell and Spencer) even two main persons are academically clergyman man (Darwin and Malthus). Even, Darwin applied unscientific idea ‘I believe’ and similar theme 372 times in ‘Origin of Species’ and 264 times in ‘Descent of Man’. However, believe is not science as believe in God is not science.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Darwin’s Theory is the Mixture of Malthus’s Theory and Lyell’s Theory and Darwin Use Wrong Lamarck’s Theory as Well as Believe as a Mechanism of Evolution
    AU  - Md. Abdul Ahad
    Y1  - 2014/05/30
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140203.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20140203.12
    T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    SP  - 128
    EP  - 137
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5737
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140203.12
    AB  - Darwin’s theory of natural selection is a mixture of Lyell’s theory and Malthus’s theory and Darwin used wrong Lamarck’s theory, theme of sociologist Herbert Spencer ‘survival of the fittest’ plus believes as the mechanism of evolution. Evidences are provided form his paper 1858, ‘Origin of Species’ and ‘Descent of Man’ his autobiography and different text books. Diverse literatures showed that Lyell declared in  ‘Principle of Geology’ that the earth was evolved from the simple to the modern stage by slow and gradual (he utilized gradual 170 times) process by natural forces during millions of years. Darwin applied this view to natural selection. But he used ‘living organisms’ in lieu of the ‘earth surface’ and confirmed that all the living organisms evolved by slow and gradual process from a few previous simple organisms over millions of years. Furthermore, Darwin used Lyell’s name and his idea gradual 27 times in ‘Origin of Species’ and 9 times in ‘Descent of Man’. Malthus argued in ‘Principle of population’ geometrical increasing of human population and confirmed that as many more individuals are born can possibly survive. So, there is often struggle for existence and competition is compulsory. Darwin adopted this idea in his theory of natural selection but he used ‘all living organisms’ instead of ‘Human’. Additionally, Darwin applied Malthus thought geometrical increase 11 times, struggle 84 times, existence 69 and competition 44 times in ‘Origin of Species’. Thus, Darwin synthesized natural selection by the mixture of Malthus theory and Lyell’s theory in 1889. Moreover, he applied wrong Lamarck’s theory disuse 41 places in ‘Origin of Species’ and 15 places in ‘Descent of Man’. He acknowledged that principles of natural selection is shadowed of forth principles of Lamarck and the problem of human evolution can never be solved by science. Man is considered with other some ancient, lower, and extinct form, Lamarck long ago came to this conclusion. Six classical World renowned persons (Darwin, Wallace, Malthus, Lyell, Lamarck and Spencer) direct related to development of ‘natural selection’ (Origin Species and Descent of Man) but four persons are academically nonscientist (Darwin, Malthus, Lyell and Spencer) even two main persons are academically clergyman man (Darwin and Malthus). Even, Darwin applied unscientific idea ‘I believe’ and similar theme 372 times in ‘Origin of Species’ and 264 times in ‘Descent of Man’. However, believe is not science as believe in God is not science.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections