American Journal of Life Sciences

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Microbiological Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women in a Resource Limited Setting in North Central Nigeria

Received: 19 November 2014    Accepted: 28 November 2014    Published: 02 December 2014
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Abstract

Bacterial vaginosis or vaginal bacteriosis is a disease of the vagina caused by bacteria. Bacterial vaginosis is an extremely prevalent vaginal condition and the number one cause of bacteria vaginosis among both pregnant and non pregnant women. It has been associated with a significant number of obstetric and gynaecologic complications such as preterm labour and delivery, premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous abortion, chorioamnionitis, postpartum endometritis, post-caesarean delivery, wound infections, post surgical infections, and subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease. Aim: The study was to determine the prevalence of bacteria vaginosis in pregnant women and to relate them to age groups, occupation and also to identify other agents of vagina infection in the studied population. Methods: A total of 226 pregnant women attending Plateau state specialist hospital with suspected cases of bacteria vaginosis between the months of January to December, 2012 were studied. High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected using aseptic procedure and processed within 30mins of collection using standard procedures. A drop of 10% KOH was placed over the specimen on the speculum and the odour was noted. The PH of the specimen was determined using PH indicator paper. A wet preparation and Gram stain was carried and examine under the microscope. Result: Of the 226 specimen examined 53 (23.5%) were positive for bacteria vaginosis. Thirty six within 16-20 years 8 (22.2%) positive, 41 within 21 to 25 years 14 (34.1%) positive, 26-30 years had 53, 19(35.8%) positive, 42 of 31-35 6(14.3%) positive, 35 of 36-40years 4(11.4%) positive and 19 above 40 years 2(10.5%) positive (P>0.05). Second trimester had the highest prevalence of 25(30.1) and least 11(25.9%) recorded by the first trimester (P<0.05), Subjects with tertiary educational status had the highest prevalent of 14(41.2% while those at primary level recorded the least the prevalent of 13(17.3%). For civil servants had the highest prevalent of 10(52.6%) while the least was house wife 7 (19.4%). Other vagina infections were Candida species (45.4%), Gardnerella vaginalis (38.7%) and Trichomonas vaginalis (16.0%). Conclusion: Bacteria vaginosis is very prevalent among pregnant women in the study area, its diagnosis and treatment should be included in the routine antenatal care of pregnant women.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15
Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014)
Page(s) 356-360
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Prevalence, Vagina Discharges, Gardnerella Vaginalis

References
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[6] Leitich, H., Bodner-Adler B., Brunbauer, M., Kaider, A., Egarter, C., Husslein, P. (2003).Vaginosis as a risk factor for preterm delivery: a meta-analysis, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; 189: 139-147.
[7] Spiegel, C.A., Amsel, R., Eschenbach, D., Schoenknecht, F., Holmes K.K., (1980);Anaerobic bacteria in nonspecific vaginitis. New England Journal of Medicine 303: 601-607.
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[15] Ibrahim SM, M Bukar, GB Galadima1, BM Audu, HA Ibrahim(2014)Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women in Maiduguri,North‑Eastern Nigeria Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 17 (2) 155-158
[16] Adeyaba, OA, Adeoye, MO, Adesiji, YO (2003) Bacteriological and Parasitological Assessment of vaginitis in pregnant women in Iseyin, Oyo state, NigeriaAfrican Journal of clinical and experimental microbiologyVol 4 (2)116-125.
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[20] Aboderin BW, Motayo BO, Idiong DU, Okerentugba PO, Innocent-Adiele HC, Onoh CC, Nwanze JC, Okonko (2012) Occurrence of Gardnerellavaginalisin Women in Jos, Nigeria New York Science Journal, 2012;5(5)37- 40
[21] Adinma JI, Okwoli NR, Unaeze A, Unaeze N.(2001) Prevalence of Gardnerellavaginalisin pregnant Nigerian women. Afr J Reprod Health 5:50‑5.
[22] Nwadioha, SI., DZ Egah, EB. Banwat, OOAlao (2010) Microbial agent of abnormal vaginal discharge in pregnant mothers attending prmary health care centers of Jos, Nigeria. Journal of Clinical Medicine and Research Vol. 2(1) 007-011.
[23] Adesiyi, YO, SS. Taiwa, DA. Adekanle, V.O. Oboro, SA Fayemiwo and O.O. Opaleye (2007) Bacteria vaginosis and pregnancy outcome in Oshogbo, Nigeria Research Journal of Medical Science 1 (4) 195-198.
[24] Fati, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, Nicolas Nagot, Marie-Christine Defer, SeydouYaro, Nicolas Meda, Annie Robert (2008) Bacteria Vaginosis among Pregnant women in Burkina Faso. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Vol. 35 (25) 985-989
[25] Ajani, Grace, OnyinOduyebo, MuyideenHaruna, Charles Elikwu (2012) Nurgent Scores of Pregnant women in a Trtiary Institution in Nigeria Advances in Microbiology 2: 531-536
[26] Gibbs R. S., Pastorek K., Edelman R., and B. Krohn (1995). Effect of bacterial vaginosis in preterm delivery. N. Eng. J. Med. Microbiol. 333(26):1737-42.
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Author Information
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Medical Microbiology Unit, Medical Laboratory Service Dept. Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

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    Damen James Garba, Suleiman Shina Zabaze, Vem Silas Tabitha, Goltong James, Kahansim Makshwar. (2014). Microbiological Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women in a Resource Limited Setting in North Central Nigeria. American Journal of Life Sciences, 2(6), 356-360. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15

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    Damen James Garba; Suleiman Shina Zabaze; Vem Silas Tabitha; Goltong James; Kahansim Makshwar. Microbiological Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women in a Resource Limited Setting in North Central Nigeria. Am. J. Life Sci. 2014, 2(6), 356-360. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15

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    AMA Style

    Damen James Garba, Suleiman Shina Zabaze, Vem Silas Tabitha, Goltong James, Kahansim Makshwar. Microbiological Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women in a Resource Limited Setting in North Central Nigeria. Am J Life Sci. 2014;2(6):356-360. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15,
      author = {Damen James Garba and Suleiman Shina Zabaze and Vem Silas Tabitha and Goltong James and Kahansim Makshwar},
      title = {Microbiological Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women in a Resource Limited Setting in North Central Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {356-360},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20140206.15},
      abstract = {Bacterial vaginosis or vaginal bacteriosis is a disease of the vagina caused by bacteria. Bacterial vaginosis is an extremely prevalent vaginal condition and the number one cause of bacteria vaginosis among both pregnant and non pregnant women. It has been associated with a significant number of obstetric and gynaecologic complications such as preterm labour and delivery, premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous abortion, chorioamnionitis, postpartum endometritis, post-caesarean delivery, wound infections, post surgical infections, and subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease. Aim: The study was to determine the prevalence of bacteria vaginosis in pregnant women and to relate them to age groups, occupation and also to identify other agents of vagina infection in the studied population. Methods: A total of 226 pregnant women attending Plateau state specialist hospital with suspected cases of bacteria vaginosis between the months of January to December, 2012 were studied. High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected using aseptic procedure and processed within 30mins of collection using standard procedures. A drop of 10% KOH was placed over the specimen on the speculum and the odour was noted. The PH of the specimen was determined using PH indicator paper. A wet preparation and Gram stain was carried and examine under the microscope. Result: Of the 226 specimen examined 53 (23.5%) were positive for bacteria vaginosis. Thirty six within 16-20 years 8 (22.2%) positive, 41 within 21 to 25 years 14 (34.1%) positive, 26-30 years had 53, 19(35.8%) positive, 42 of 31-35 6(14.3%) positive, 35 of 36-40years 4(11.4%) positive and 19 above 40 years 2(10.5%) positive (P>0.05). Second trimester had the highest prevalence of 25(30.1) and least 11(25.9%) recorded by the first trimester (P<0.05), Subjects with tertiary educational status had the highest prevalent of 14(41.2% while those at primary level recorded the least the prevalent of 13(17.3%). For civil servants had the highest prevalent of 10(52.6%) while the least was house wife 7 (19.4%). Other vagina infections were Candida species (45.4%), Gardnerella vaginalis (38.7%) and Trichomonas vaginalis (16.0%). Conclusion: Bacteria vaginosis is very prevalent among pregnant women in the study area, its diagnosis and treatment should be included in the routine antenatal care of pregnant women.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Microbiological Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women in a Resource Limited Setting in North Central Nigeria
    AU  - Damen James Garba
    AU  - Suleiman Shina Zabaze
    AU  - Vem Silas Tabitha
    AU  - Goltong James
    AU  - Kahansim Makshwar
    Y1  - 2014/12/02
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15
    T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    SP  - 356
    EP  - 360
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5737
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15
    AB  - Bacterial vaginosis or vaginal bacteriosis is a disease of the vagina caused by bacteria. Bacterial vaginosis is an extremely prevalent vaginal condition and the number one cause of bacteria vaginosis among both pregnant and non pregnant women. It has been associated with a significant number of obstetric and gynaecologic complications such as preterm labour and delivery, premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous abortion, chorioamnionitis, postpartum endometritis, post-caesarean delivery, wound infections, post surgical infections, and subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease. Aim: The study was to determine the prevalence of bacteria vaginosis in pregnant women and to relate them to age groups, occupation and also to identify other agents of vagina infection in the studied population. Methods: A total of 226 pregnant women attending Plateau state specialist hospital with suspected cases of bacteria vaginosis between the months of January to December, 2012 were studied. High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected using aseptic procedure and processed within 30mins of collection using standard procedures. A drop of 10% KOH was placed over the specimen on the speculum and the odour was noted. The PH of the specimen was determined using PH indicator paper. A wet preparation and Gram stain was carried and examine under the microscope. Result: Of the 226 specimen examined 53 (23.5%) were positive for bacteria vaginosis. Thirty six within 16-20 years 8 (22.2%) positive, 41 within 21 to 25 years 14 (34.1%) positive, 26-30 years had 53, 19(35.8%) positive, 42 of 31-35 6(14.3%) positive, 35 of 36-40years 4(11.4%) positive and 19 above 40 years 2(10.5%) positive (P>0.05). Second trimester had the highest prevalence of 25(30.1) and least 11(25.9%) recorded by the first trimester (P<0.05), Subjects with tertiary educational status had the highest prevalent of 14(41.2% while those at primary level recorded the least the prevalent of 13(17.3%). For civil servants had the highest prevalent of 10(52.6%) while the least was house wife 7 (19.4%). Other vagina infections were Candida species (45.4%), Gardnerella vaginalis (38.7%) and Trichomonas vaginalis (16.0%). Conclusion: Bacteria vaginosis is very prevalent among pregnant women in the study area, its diagnosis and treatment should be included in the routine antenatal care of pregnant women.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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