Modern Chemistry

| Peer-Reviewed |

Environmental Effect of Dredging and Geochemical Fractionation of Heavy METALS in Sediments Removed from River

Received: 05 August 2018    Accepted: 06 September 2018    Published: 10 January 2019
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Geochemical fractionation of six heavy metals; Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni in soil from two dredging sites at Chokocho and Umuechem communities in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, which is characterized by domestic, oil exploration and other industrial activities. The heavy metal concentration determined were 26.30 ± 0.38 mg/kg, Pb; 10.60 ± 0.04 mg/kg, Cd; 486.00 ± 1.20 mg/kg, Zn; 35.50 ± 0.30 mg/kg, Cr; 43.50 ± 0.40 mg/kg, Ni and 37.70 ± 0.10 mg/kg, Cu for Chokocho site. For Umuechem site, the concentration of the metals revealed were 18.40 ± 0.10 mg/kg, Pb; 6.80 ± 0.70 mg/kg, Cd; 437.00 ± 0.60 mg/kg, Zn; 29.30 ± 0.20 mg/kg, Cr; 36.40 ± 0.10 mg/kg, Ni; and 28.30 ± 0.20 mg/kg, Cu. Results from umuechem site was greater than Chokocho site. Heavy metal fractionation using conventional method was adopted for sequential extraction which was accomplished in five steps. Results revealed that Cd and Pb were dispersed more at exchangeable phase in the sample; Cu and Zn were the least bioavailable. Cd, Pb, and Cr show health risks because of high percent in the exchangeable or dissolved fraction. The results of the analysis also revealed that the bioavailablity and mobility of the heavy metals were in order; Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu.

DOI 10.11648/j.mc.20180604.11
Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2018)
Page(s) 44-49
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dredging, Geochemical Fraction, Contamination, Pollution

References
[1] Brunn P., Gayes P. T., Schwab W. C., Eiser W. C. (2005). Dredging and offshore transport of materials, Journal of Coastal Research, 5(2); 45-52.
[2] Thomsen F., McCully S., Wood D., Pace F., White P. (2009). A generic investigation into noise profiles of marine dredging in relation to the acoustic sensitivity of the marine fauna in UK waters with particular emphasis on aggregate dredging: phase 1 scoping and review of key issues, Cefas MEPF Ref No. MEPF/08/P21 pg. 59 pp.
[3] Tillin H. M., Houghton A. J., Saunders J. E., Drabble R., Hull S. C. (2011). Direct and indirect impacts of marine aggregate dredging. Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund (MALSF), Science Monograph Series: No 1 41.
[4] WODA, Technical Guidance on: Underwater Sound in Relation to Dredging World Organisation of Dredging Associations, 2013.
[5] Osu Charles I., E. C. Ogoko and Emeziem D. (2014). Metal species, mobility and bioavailability in an oil impacted soil from ikoku and alaoji automobile spare parts markets, niger-delta nigeria. American Academic & Scholarly Research Journal 6(3), 1 – 12.
[6] Kendell, R. J., Anderson, T. A., Baker, R. J., Bens, C. M., Carr, J. A., Chiodo, L. A., Dickerson, R. L., Dixon, K. R., Frame, L. T., Hooper, M. J., Martin, C. F., McMurry, S. T., Patino, R., Smith, E. E., and Theodorakis, C. W. (2001). Ecotoxicology, in Klassen, C. D. (Ed.) Toxicology. The Basic Science of poisons. New York: McGraw Hill.
[7] Peijnenburg, W. J. G. M., and Jager, T. (2003). Monitoring Approaches to Assess Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of metals: Matrix Issues, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 56, 63 – 77.
[8] Kelly, M. E., Brauning, S. E., Schoof, R. A., and Ruby, M. V. (2002). Assessing Oral Bioavailability of metals in soil. Ohio: Battelle Press.
[9] Thibodeaux, L. J. 2005. Recent advances in our understanding of sediment –to-water contaminant fluxes: The soluable release fraction. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society. 8.1-9.
[10] Hayes, D. F., Crockett, T. R., Ward, T. J. and Averett, D (2000). Sediment resuspension during cutterhead dredging operations. Journal of waterways, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering. 126: 153-161.
[11] Calmano, M., Madureira, M-J. and Forstner, U. (1993). Binding and mobilization of heavy metals in contaminated sediments affected by pH and redox potential. Water science and technology. 28. 223 -235.
[12] Su, S. H., Pearlman, L. C., Rothrock, J. A., Ianuzzi, T. J., Finley, B. L. (2002). Potential long-term ecological impacts caused by disturbance of contaminated sediments: a case study. Environmental Management. 29. 234– 49.
[13] Ure, A. M., Quevauviller, P. H., Muntau, H., and Griepink, B. (1993). “Speciation of heavy metals in soils and sediments. An account of the improvement and harmonization of extraction techniques undertaken under the auspices of the BCR of the commission of the European communities,” International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 135–151.
[14] Zeien, H and G. W. Brümmer, “Chemische extraktion zur bestimmung von schwermetallbindungsformen in böden,” Metteilungen der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 39, pp. 505–510, 1989. View at Google Scholar
[15] Miller, W. P., Martens, D. C., and Zelazny, L. W. “Effect of sequence in extraction of trace metals from soils,” Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50: (3) 598–601, 1986. View at Google Scholar
[16] Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C. and Bission M. (1979). Sequential extraction procedures for the speciation of trace metals. Anal. Chem. 51(7): 844-851.
[17] Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF). The analysis of agricultural methods, 3rd ed. 1986, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London.
[18] Tessier, A., Campbell, P., Bisson, M., (1980). Trace metal speciation in the Yamaska and St. Francois Rivers (Quebec). Can. J. Earth Sci. 17, 90–105.
[19] Abu-Kukati, Y. (2001). Heavy metal distribution and speciation in sediments from Ziglab Dam-Jordan. Geological Engineering 25(1): 33-40.
[20] Bhupander Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, Meenu Mishra, S. K. Singh1, Dev Prakash, C. S. Sharma and D. P. Mukherjee (2011). Geochemical fractionation of some heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of sukinda mining Area, Orissa. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2011, 2 (5): 263-272.
[21] Mehra, A., K. B. Cordes, S. Chopra and D. Fountain (1999). Chem. Spec. Bioavail., 11(2). 57-66.
[22] Zerbe, J., Sobezynski, T., Elabanowska H. and Siepak J. (1999). Sediments of Lakes, Speciation of Heavy metals in Bottom Sediment of Lakes. Pol. J. of Environ. Studies 8(5): 331- 339.
[23] Osu Charles I., E. C. Ogoko and I. A. Okoro (2013). Chemical speciation and Distribution of heavy metals in soil of waste dump sites at various automobile mechanic workshops of South-south, Nigeria. American Academic & Scholarly Research Journal 5(4), 1 – 6.
[24] Forstner, U. and G. T. W. Wittmann (1983).. Metal Pollution in Aquatic Environment. 2nd Ed, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp:481.
[25] Ma, L. Q. and G. N. Rao. (1997) J. Environ. Qual., 26: 256-264.
[26] Haung J., Haung R., Jiao J. J. and Chen K. (2007). Speciation and mobility of heavy metals in mud, in coastal reclamation areas in Chenzhen, China. Environ Geol. 53: 221-228.
[27] Wilber, G. and J. V. Hunter. (1999) W. P. C. F., 51 (12) 2810-2822.
[28] Mesuere, K., R. E. Martin and W. Fish (1991). J. Environ. Qual., 20, 114-118.
[29] Hung, T. C., P. J. Meng and S. J. Wu (1993). Environ. Pollut, 80, 223-230.
[30] Zakir, H. M., Shikazono, N. and K. Otomo. (2008) Am. J. Environ. Sci., 4 (6): 654-655.
[31] Horsfall, M. Jr and I. S. Ayebaemi. (2005) European J. of Sci. Res., 6 (3) 20-36.
[32] Kabala, C and Singh B. R. (2001). Fractionation and mobility of copper, lead and zinc in soil profiles in the vicinity of a cxopper smelter. J. Environ. Qual., 30: 488 – 492.
[33] Banat, K. M. (2001). Assessment of Fe, Ni, Cd, Hg and Pb in the Jordan and Yarmonk River sediments in relation to their physicochemical properties and sequential extraction characterization. Water, Air, Soil Pollutant 132(1-2): 43-59.
[34] Fagbote Emmanuel Olubunmi and Olanipekun Edward Olorunsola. (2010). Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soil of Bitumen Deposit Impacted Area of Western Nigeria. European Journal of Scientific Research. Vol.47 No.2, pp.265-277.
[35] Ure, A. M. (1996). Sci. Total Environ., 178, 3-10.
Author Information
  • Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ogbu Victor, Osu Charles Ikenna, Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi. (2019). Environmental Effect of Dredging and Geochemical Fractionation of Heavy METALS in Sediments Removed from River. Modern Chemistry, 6(4), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20180604.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ogbu Victor; Osu Charles Ikenna; Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi. Environmental Effect of Dredging and Geochemical Fractionation of Heavy METALS in Sediments Removed from River. Mod. Chem. 2019, 6(4), 44-49. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20180604.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ogbu Victor, Osu Charles Ikenna, Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi. Environmental Effect of Dredging and Geochemical Fractionation of Heavy METALS in Sediments Removed from River. Mod Chem. 2019;6(4):44-49. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20180604.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.mc.20180604.11,
      author = {Ogbu Victor and Osu Charles Ikenna and Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi},
      title = {Environmental Effect of Dredging and Geochemical Fractionation of Heavy METALS in Sediments Removed from River},
      journal = {Modern Chemistry},
      volume = {6},
      number = {4},
      pages = {44-49},
      doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20180604.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20180604.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20180604.11},
      abstract = {Geochemical fractionation of six heavy metals; Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni in soil from two dredging sites at Chokocho and Umuechem communities in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, which is characterized by domestic, oil exploration and other industrial activities. The heavy metal concentration determined were 26.30 ± 0.38 mg/kg, Pb; 10.60 ± 0.04 mg/kg, Cd; 486.00 ± 1.20 mg/kg, Zn; 35.50 ± 0.30 mg/kg, Cr; 43.50 ± 0.40 mg/kg, Ni and 37.70 ± 0.10 mg/kg, Cu for Chokocho site. For Umuechem site, the concentration of the metals revealed were 18.40 ± 0.10 mg/kg, Pb; 6.80 ± 0.70 mg/kg, Cd; 437.00 ± 0.60 mg/kg, Zn; 29.30 ± 0.20 mg/kg, Cr; 36.40 ± 0.10 mg/kg, Ni; and 28.30 ± 0.20 mg/kg, Cu. Results from umuechem site was greater than Chokocho site. Heavy metal fractionation using conventional method was adopted for sequential extraction which was accomplished in five steps. Results revealed that Cd and Pb were dispersed more at exchangeable phase in the sample; Cu and Zn were the least bioavailable. Cd, Pb, and Cr show health risks because of high percent in the exchangeable or dissolved fraction. The results of the analysis also revealed that the bioavailablity and mobility of the heavy metals were in order; Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Environmental Effect of Dredging and Geochemical Fractionation of Heavy METALS in Sediments Removed from River
    AU  - Ogbu Victor
    AU  - Osu Charles Ikenna
    AU  - Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi
    Y1  - 2019/01/10
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20180604.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20180604.11
    T2  - Modern Chemistry
    JF  - Modern Chemistry
    JO  - Modern Chemistry
    SP  - 44
    EP  - 49
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-180X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20180604.11
    AB  - Geochemical fractionation of six heavy metals; Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni in soil from two dredging sites at Chokocho and Umuechem communities in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, which is characterized by domestic, oil exploration and other industrial activities. The heavy metal concentration determined were 26.30 ± 0.38 mg/kg, Pb; 10.60 ± 0.04 mg/kg, Cd; 486.00 ± 1.20 mg/kg, Zn; 35.50 ± 0.30 mg/kg, Cr; 43.50 ± 0.40 mg/kg, Ni and 37.70 ± 0.10 mg/kg, Cu for Chokocho site. For Umuechem site, the concentration of the metals revealed were 18.40 ± 0.10 mg/kg, Pb; 6.80 ± 0.70 mg/kg, Cd; 437.00 ± 0.60 mg/kg, Zn; 29.30 ± 0.20 mg/kg, Cr; 36.40 ± 0.10 mg/kg, Ni; and 28.30 ± 0.20 mg/kg, Cu. Results from umuechem site was greater than Chokocho site. Heavy metal fractionation using conventional method was adopted for sequential extraction which was accomplished in five steps. Results revealed that Cd and Pb were dispersed more at exchangeable phase in the sample; Cu and Zn were the least bioavailable. Cd, Pb, and Cr show health risks because of high percent in the exchangeable or dissolved fraction. The results of the analysis also revealed that the bioavailablity and mobility of the heavy metals were in order; Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections