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Proximate and Amino Acid Analyses of the Rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (Water Lily)

Received: 16 August 2019    Accepted: 16 September 2019    Published: 26 September 2019
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Abstract

The proximate composition and the amino acid profile analyses of the rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (water lily) were carried out based on standard methods reported by the association of official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results of the proximate analysis showed that Nymphaea lotus rhizome had moisture content of 48.83±3.22; crude protein 4.23±0.06; crude fibre 5.00±1.50; ash content 4.67±0.17; high available carbohydrate 35.44 ± 0.01 and energy value 742.10 kJ/100 g. The crude lipid content was low 1.83±0.60. The study detected seventeen different amino acids. The amino acid content in g/100 g protein content was: lysine = 3.11, histidine= 1.82, arginine= 4.25, aspartic acid = 7.60, threonine= 2.19, serine= 3.02, glutamic acid= 9.68, proline= 2.34, glycine= 3.06, alanine= 3.40, cycteine= 0.73, valine= 3.37, methionine= 1.09, isoleucine= 2.35, leucine= 8.24, tyrosine= 2.25 and phenylalnine= 3.72. The studied revealed that glutamic acid, aromatic acids, leucine and aspartic acid were the predominant amino acids. All essential amino acids were found to be higher than WHO/FAO/UNU requirement pattern for adults while leucine was found to be higher than the requirement pattern for preschool children. Lysine however was found to be the most limiting amino acid for preschool children. The presence of these compounds of nutritive value, as well as high energy value suggests that Nymphaea lotus rhizome could serve as a food supplement for livestock and humans.

DOI 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12
Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2019)
Page(s) 54-57
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Proximate Analysis, Amino Acid Profile, Nymphaea lotus Rhizome

References
[1] Muhammad, A., Dangoggo, S. M., Tsafe, A. I., Itodo A. U. and Atiku, F. A. (2011). Proximate, Mineral and Antinutritional Composition of Gardenia aqualla Pulp. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10 (6): 577-581.
[2] Lala, S. and Tsakins, J. (2003). Characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil variety Periyakulam-1. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 15: 65-77.
[3] Lohdip, A. M. and Jikmyan, M. S. (2019). Proximate and Amino acid Analyses of the Stem of Sesamum indicum I. (Black Seed specie) pedaliaceae. J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria. 44 (1): 053-058.
[4] Hassan, L. G. and Umar, K. J. (2006). Nutritional Value of Balsam Apple (Momordic balsamina L.) leaves. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 5: 522-529.
[5] Obot, E. A. and Ayeni, J. S. O. (1987). A Handbook of Common Aquatic Plants of the Kainji Lake Basin. National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research. Saolog Printing Productions, New Bussa.
[6] Obot, E. A. (1984). Studies in the productivity of Echinocloa stagnina (Retz) P. Beuv in the Kainji Lake Basin of Northern Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ife, Nigeria.
[7] Mbagwu, I. G. and Adeniji, H. A. (1988). The Nutritional Content of Duckweed (Lemna pausicostata Hegelm) in the Kainji lake area, Nigeria. Aquatic Botany, 29: 357-366.
[8] Ogunlade, Y. (1996). The Chemistry of Water Hyacinth in Nigerian Waterways. Government Printing Press, Akure Ondo State, Nigeria. Pp 45-47.
[9] Ezeonu, C. S., Arowora K. A., Imo, C. and Ambikya, A. S. (2017). Chemical composition of Water Lily (Nymphaea lotus) Bulbs. American Journal of Food Science and Nutrtion. 4 (2): 7-12.
[10] Mohammed, H. A., Awodoyin, R. O., Daddy, F. and Adesina, G. O. (2008). Ethnobotany of waterlily (Nymphaea lotus Linn.) among the riparian communities in Nigeria: A case study of Kainji Lake Basin. Journal of Environmental Biology, 5: 52-55.
[11] Mohammed, H. A., Uka, U. N. and Yauri, Y. A. B. (2013). Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Waterlily (Nymphaea lotus Linn.) from Tatabu Food plain, North central, Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 8: 261-264.
[12] AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemist), (2006). Official Method of Analysis of the AOAC. (Washington D. C., AOAC) 18th Edition.
[13] Adeyeye, E. I. and Afolabi, E. O. (2004). Amino acid Composition of three different types of Land Snails consumed in Nigeria. Food Chemistry, 85: 535-539.
[14] Wasagu, R. S. U., Lawal, M., Galadima, L. G., & Aliero, A. A. (2014). Nutritional composition, anti-nutritional factors and element analysis of Nymphaea lotus (water lily). Bayaro Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences, 8 (1): 1-5.
[15] Dashak, D. A. and Fali, C. N. (1993). Chemical Composition of four varieties of Bnniseed. FOOD Chemistry. 47: 253-255.
[16] Anita, B. S., Akpan, E. J., Okon, P. A. and Umoren, I. U. (2006). Nutritive and Antinutritive Evaluation of Sweet Potatoes (Ipomea batatas) Leaves. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 5: 166-168.
[17] Gordon, M. N. and Kessel, M. (2002). Perspective in Nutrition. 5th edition. McGraw Hill Company, New York. Pp 257-281.
[18] Agostoni, C., Carratu, B., Boniglia, C. and Sanzini, E. (2001). Free Amino Acid content in standard infant formulas: comparison with human milk. Journal of American College of Nutrition, 19: 434-438.
[19] WHO/FAO/UNU. (1985). Report: Energy and protein requirements: WHO technical report series. Geneva. No. 724, pp. 220.
Author Information
  • Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Michael and Cecilia Ibru University, Agbarha-Utor, Nigeria

  • Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria

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    Amagbor Stella Chinelo, Umar Kabiru Jega. (2019). Proximate and Amino Acid Analyses of the Rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (Water Lily). Modern Chemistry, 7(3), 54-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12

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    ACS Style

    Amagbor Stella Chinelo; Umar Kabiru Jega. Proximate and Amino Acid Analyses of the Rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (Water Lily). Mod. Chem. 2019, 7(3), 54-57. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12

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    AMA Style

    Amagbor Stella Chinelo, Umar Kabiru Jega. Proximate and Amino Acid Analyses of the Rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (Water Lily). Mod Chem. 2019;7(3):54-57. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12,
      author = {Amagbor Stella Chinelo and Umar Kabiru Jega},
      title = {Proximate and Amino Acid Analyses of the Rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (Water Lily)},
      journal = {Modern Chemistry},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {54-57},
      doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20190703.12},
      abstract = {The proximate composition and the amino acid profile analyses of the rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (water lily) were carried out based on standard methods reported by the association of official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results of the proximate analysis showed that Nymphaea lotus rhizome had moisture content of 48.83±3.22; crude protein 4.23±0.06; crude fibre 5.00±1.50; ash content 4.67±0.17; high available carbohydrate 35.44 ± 0.01 and energy value 742.10 kJ/100 g. The crude lipid content was low 1.83±0.60. The study detected seventeen different amino acids. The amino acid content in g/100 g protein content was: lysine = 3.11, histidine= 1.82, arginine= 4.25, aspartic acid = 7.60, threonine= 2.19, serine= 3.02, glutamic acid= 9.68, proline= 2.34, glycine= 3.06, alanine= 3.40, cycteine= 0.73, valine= 3.37, methionine= 1.09, isoleucine= 2.35, leucine= 8.24, tyrosine= 2.25 and phenylalnine= 3.72. The studied revealed that glutamic acid, aromatic acids, leucine and aspartic acid were the predominant amino acids. All essential amino acids were found to be higher than WHO/FAO/UNU requirement pattern for adults while leucine was found to be higher than the requirement pattern for preschool children. Lysine however was found to be the most limiting amino acid for preschool children. The presence of these compounds of nutritive value, as well as high energy value suggests that Nymphaea lotus rhizome could serve as a food supplement for livestock and humans.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Proximate and Amino Acid Analyses of the Rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (Water Lily)
    AU  - Amagbor Stella Chinelo
    AU  - Umar Kabiru Jega
    Y1  - 2019/09/26
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12
    T2  - Modern Chemistry
    JF  - Modern Chemistry
    JO  - Modern Chemistry
    SP  - 54
    EP  - 57
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-180X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12
    AB  - The proximate composition and the amino acid profile analyses of the rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (water lily) were carried out based on standard methods reported by the association of official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results of the proximate analysis showed that Nymphaea lotus rhizome had moisture content of 48.83±3.22; crude protein 4.23±0.06; crude fibre 5.00±1.50; ash content 4.67±0.17; high available carbohydrate 35.44 ± 0.01 and energy value 742.10 kJ/100 g. The crude lipid content was low 1.83±0.60. The study detected seventeen different amino acids. The amino acid content in g/100 g protein content was: lysine = 3.11, histidine= 1.82, arginine= 4.25, aspartic acid = 7.60, threonine= 2.19, serine= 3.02, glutamic acid= 9.68, proline= 2.34, glycine= 3.06, alanine= 3.40, cycteine= 0.73, valine= 3.37, methionine= 1.09, isoleucine= 2.35, leucine= 8.24, tyrosine= 2.25 and phenylalnine= 3.72. The studied revealed that glutamic acid, aromatic acids, leucine and aspartic acid were the predominant amino acids. All essential amino acids were found to be higher than WHO/FAO/UNU requirement pattern for adults while leucine was found to be higher than the requirement pattern for preschool children. Lysine however was found to be the most limiting amino acid for preschool children. The presence of these compounds of nutritive value, as well as high energy value suggests that Nymphaea lotus rhizome could serve as a food supplement for livestock and humans.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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