The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector

Elijah Ige Ohimain

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19

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The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector

Elijah Ige Ohimain

Received: 1 March 2014 Accepted: 8 April 2014 Published: 10 April 2014

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Abstract

The consumption of cement in Nigeria has increased to 18.5 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Despite the huge demand for cement in Nigeria, domestic production was unable to meet the demand; hence the country relied on importation of cement to meet domestic construction needs. In 2002, the government adopted and implemented the backward integration policy (BIP), which requires cement import licenses be allocated only to importers who show proof of building factories for local cement manufacturing in Nigeria. Incentives under the policy include waiver of VAT and custom duty for importation of cement production equipment. The aim of this paper is to access the effect of the policy on the cement sector in Nigeria ten years after implementation. Following the implementation of the BIP, all the moribund existing government owned cement plants were privatized, while the private sector installed additional production and bagging capacities. Results showed that before BIP, Nigeria had an installed capacity of 4.03 MMTPA, but producing only 2 MMTPA. But 10 years after the implementation of the BIP, the country now produces 28 MMTPA with a total installed production capacity of 45 MMTPA and bagging capacity of 27.7 MMTPA, while additional 14 cement production plants of various capacities are under construction. Now that Nigeria has become self-sufficient in cement production, with domestic production exceeding the country’s need, additional policies that would address the new challenges of the cement sector particularly cement glut is required.

DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19
Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2014)
Page(s)	70-78
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Industrial Policy, Limestone, Solid Mineral, Vision 20: 2020

References

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Elijah Ige Ohimain. (2014). The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(2), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19

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ACS Style

Elijah Ige Ohimain. The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(2), 70-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19

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AMA Style

Elijah Ige Ohimain. The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(2):70-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19,
  author = {Elijah Ige Ohimain},
  title = {The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {70-78},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140302.19},
  abstract = {The consumption of cement in Nigeria has increased to 18.5 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Despite the huge demand for cement in Nigeria, domestic production was unable to meet the demand; hence the country relied on importation of cement to meet domestic construction needs. In 2002, the government adopted and implemented the backward integration policy (BIP), which requires cement import licenses be allocated only to importers who show proof of building factories for local cement manufacturing in Nigeria. Incentives under the policy include waiver of VAT and custom duty for importation of cement production equipment. The aim of this paper is to access the effect of the policy on the cement sector in Nigeria ten years after implementation. Following the implementation of the BIP, all the moribund existing government owned cement plants were privatized, while the private sector installed additional production and bagging capacities. Results showed that before BIP, Nigeria had an installed capacity of 4.03 MMTPA, but producing only 2 MMTPA. But 10 years after the implementation of the BIP, the country now produces 28 MMTPA with a total installed production capacity of 45 MMTPA and bagging capacity of 27.7 MMTPA, while additional 14 cement production plants of various capacities are under construction. Now that Nigeria has become self-sufficient in cement production, with domestic production exceeding the country’s need, additional policies that would address the new challenges of the cement sector particularly cement glut is required.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector
AU  - Elijah Ige Ohimain
Y1  - 2014/04/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 70
EP  - 78
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19
AB  - The consumption of cement in Nigeria has increased to 18.5 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Despite the huge demand for cement in Nigeria, domestic production was unable to meet the demand; hence the country relied on importation of cement to meet domestic construction needs. In 2002, the government adopted and implemented the backward integration policy (BIP), which requires cement import licenses be allocated only to importers who show proof of building factories for local cement manufacturing in Nigeria. Incentives under the policy include waiver of VAT and custom duty for importation of cement production equipment. The aim of this paper is to access the effect of the policy on the cement sector in Nigeria ten years after implementation. Following the implementation of the BIP, all the moribund existing government owned cement plants were privatized, while the private sector installed additional production and bagging capacities. Results showed that before BIP, Nigeria had an installed capacity of 4.03 MMTPA, but producing only 2 MMTPA. But 10 years after the implementation of the BIP, the country now produces 28 MMTPA with a total installed production capacity of 45 MMTPA and bagging capacity of 27.7 MMTPA, while additional 14 cement production plants of various capacities are under construction. Now that Nigeria has become self-sufficient in cement production, with domestic production exceeding the country’s need, additional policies that would address the new challenges of the cement sector particularly cement glut is required.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Elijah Ige Ohimain

Biomining and Geomicrobiology Research Unit, Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

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Elijah Ige Ohimain. (2014). The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(2), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19

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ACS Style

Elijah Ige Ohimain. The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(2), 70-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19

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AMA Style

Elijah Ige Ohimain. The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(2):70-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19,
  author = {Elijah Ige Ohimain},
  title = {The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {70-78},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140302.19},
  abstract = {The consumption of cement in Nigeria has increased to 18.5 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Despite the huge demand for cement in Nigeria, domestic production was unable to meet the demand; hence the country relied on importation of cement to meet domestic construction needs. In 2002, the government adopted and implemented the backward integration policy (BIP), which requires cement import licenses be allocated only to importers who show proof of building factories for local cement manufacturing in Nigeria. Incentives under the policy include waiver of VAT and custom duty for importation of cement production equipment. The aim of this paper is to access the effect of the policy on the cement sector in Nigeria ten years after implementation. Following the implementation of the BIP, all the moribund existing government owned cement plants were privatized, while the private sector installed additional production and bagging capacities. Results showed that before BIP, Nigeria had an installed capacity of 4.03 MMTPA, but producing only 2 MMTPA. But 10 years after the implementation of the BIP, the country now produces 28 MMTPA with a total installed production capacity of 45 MMTPA and bagging capacity of 27.7 MMTPA, while additional 14 cement production plants of various capacities are under construction. Now that Nigeria has become self-sufficient in cement production, with domestic production exceeding the country’s need, additional policies that would address the new challenges of the cement sector particularly cement glut is required.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Success of the Backward Integration Policy in the Nigerian Cement Sector
AU  - Elijah Ige Ohimain
Y1  - 2014/04/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 70
EP  - 78
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.19
AB  - The consumption of cement in Nigeria has increased to 18.5 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Despite the huge demand for cement in Nigeria, domestic production was unable to meet the demand; hence the country relied on importation of cement to meet domestic construction needs. In 2002, the government adopted and implemented the backward integration policy (BIP), which requires cement import licenses be allocated only to importers who show proof of building factories for local cement manufacturing in Nigeria. Incentives under the policy include waiver of VAT and custom duty for importation of cement production equipment. The aim of this paper is to access the effect of the policy on the cement sector in Nigeria ten years after implementation. Following the implementation of the BIP, all the moribund existing government owned cement plants were privatized, while the private sector installed additional production and bagging capacities. Results showed that before BIP, Nigeria had an installed capacity of 4.03 MMTPA, but producing only 2 MMTPA. But 10 years after the implementation of the BIP, the country now produces 28 MMTPA with a total installed production capacity of 45 MMTPA and bagging capacity of 27.7 MMTPA, while additional 14 cement production plants of various capacities are under construction. Now that Nigeria has become self-sufficient in cement production, with domestic production exceeding the country’s need, additional policies that would address the new challenges of the cement sector particularly cement glut is required.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download