Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite

Zemanova Eva; Klouda Karel; Lach Karel; Weisheitelova Marketa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12

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Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite

Zemanova Eva, Klouda Karel, Lach Karel, Weisheitelova Marketa

Received: 1 September 2014 Accepted: 23 September 2014 Published: 10 October 2014

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Abstract

Graphite was intercalated with potassium to produce C8K intercalate which was subsequently exposed to suspension of fullerene C60 in toluene. The resulting product stabilized potassium against effects of the atmosphere. The prepared product was exposed to tests of thermal stability and other analyses, such as FT-IR, SEM and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) with the objective to describe arrangement of potassium in the carbon matrix. The product with stabilized potassium in a carbon skeleton (graphite – fullerite) is partly able to resist the atmosphere, it is relatively thermally stable (up to 150 oC) and the energy effects of its decomposition are low up to 600 oC. The product may be used in numerous applications – catalysis, hydrogen storage and as an admixture component in aerosol fire suppression systems.

DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12
Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2014)
Page(s)	285-292
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Graphite, Intercalate, Potassium, Fullerene

References

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[2]	Dreyer, D.R., Park, S., Bielawski, Ch.W. and Ruoff, R.S., 2010. The chemistry of grapheme oxide. Chemical Society Reviews, 19, 228-240.
[3]	Fuhrer, MS, Hou, JG., Xiang, XD. and Zetil, A., 1994. C60 intercalated graphite – predictions and experiments. Solid State Communications, 90(6), 357-360.
[4]	Giannozzi, P., Andreoni, W., 1996. Effects of Doping on the Vibrational Properties of C60 from First Principus K6C60. Physical Review Letters, 76, 4915-4918.
[5]	Gupta, V., Scharff, P., Rish, K., Romanus, H. and Mueller, R., 2004. Synthesis of C60 Intercalated Graphite. Solid State Commun, 131(3-4), 153-155.
[6]	Holczer, K., Klein, O., Huang, S.M., Kaner, R.B., Fu, K.J., Whetten, R.L. and Diederich, F., 1991. Alkalifulleride superconductors: synthesis, composition and diamagnetic shielding. Science, 252, 1154-1157.
[7]	Hou, J.G., Thao, A.D., Huang, T., Lu, S., 2004. C60-Based Materials. Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 1, 409-474.
[8]	Itoh, T., Maeda, T., Kasuys, A., 2006. Faraday Discuss, 132, 95-109.
[9]	Janiak, Ch., Mühle, S., Hemling, H., 1996. The solid-state structure of K3C60(THF)14. Polyhedron, 15(9), 1559-1563.
[10]	Klouda, K., 1985. Intercalation compounds of graphite. Dissertation, VŠCHT Prague (available in the technical library in Prague 6 – Dejvice).
[11]	Koller, D., Martin, M.C., Stephens, P.W. and Mihaly, L., 1995. Polymeric alkali fullerides are stable in air. Applied Physics Letters, 66 (8).
[12]	Loutfy, R.O., Wexler, E.M., 2001. Feasibility of fullerene hydride as a high capacity hydrogen storage material, in: Proceedings of the Hydrogen program review meeting. Baltimora (MD), 17-19, April.
[13]	Makharza, S., Cirillo, G., Bachmatiuk, A., Ibrahim, I., Ioannides, N., Trzebicka, B., Hampel, S., Rümmeli, M.H., 2013. Graphene oxide-based drug delivery vehicles: functionalization, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation. Journal of Nanopart. Res, 15, 2099.
[14]	Miura, K., Tsuda, D., 2005. Superlubricity of C60intercalated graphite films. World Tribology Congress III, 63930.
[15]	Takeya, H., Miyazawa, K., Kato, R., Wakahara, T., Ozaki, T., Okazaki, H., Yamaguchi, T. and Takano, Y., 2012. Superconducting Fullerene Nanowhiskers. Molecules, 17, 4851-4859.
[16]	Troshin, P.A., Lyubovskaya, R.N., 2008. Organic chemistry of fullerenes: the major reactions, types of fullerene derivatives and prospects for their practical use. Russian Chemical Reviews, 77(4), 305-349.

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APA Style

Zemanova Eva, Klouda Karel, Lach Karel, Weisheitelova Marketa. (2014). Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(6), 285-292. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12

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ACS Style

Zemanova Eva; Klouda Karel; Lach Karel; Weisheitelova Marketa. Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(6), 285-292. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12

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AMA Style

Zemanova Eva, Klouda Karel, Lach Karel, Weisheitelova Marketa. Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(6):285-292. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12,
  author = {Zemanova Eva and Klouda Karel and Lach Karel and Weisheitelova Marketa},
  title = {Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {285-292},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140306.12},
  abstract = {Graphite was intercalated with potassium to produce C8K intercalate which was subsequently exposed to suspension of fullerene C60 in toluene. The resulting product stabilized potassium against effects of the atmosphere. The prepared product was exposed to tests of thermal stability and other analyses, such as FT-IR, SEM and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) with the objective to describe arrangement of potassium in the carbon matrix. The product with stabilized potassium in a carbon skeleton (graphite – fullerite) is partly able to resist the atmosphere, it is relatively thermally stable (up to 150 oC) and the energy effects of its decomposition are low up to 600 oC. The product may be used in numerous applications – catalysis, hydrogen storage and as an admixture component in aerosol fire suppression systems.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite
AU  - Zemanova Eva
AU  - Klouda Karel
AU  - Lach Karel
AU  - Weisheitelova Marketa
Y1  - 2014/10/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 285
EP  - 292
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12
AB  - Graphite was intercalated with potassium to produce C8K intercalate which was subsequently exposed to suspension of fullerene C60 in toluene. The resulting product stabilized potassium against effects of the atmosphere. The prepared product was exposed to tests of thermal stability and other analyses, such as FT-IR, SEM and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) with the objective to describe arrangement of potassium in the carbon matrix. The product with stabilized potassium in a carbon skeleton (graphite – fullerite) is partly able to resist the atmosphere, it is relatively thermally stable (up to 150 oC) and the energy effects of its decomposition are low up to 600 oC. The product may be used in numerous applications – catalysis, hydrogen storage and as an admixture component in aerosol fire suppression systems.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Zemanova Eva

State Office for Nuclear Safety, Prague, CZ
Klouda Karel

State Office for Nuclear Safety, Prague, CZ; V?B-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Safety Engineering, Ostrava, CZ
Lach Karel

National Institute of Public Health based in Ostrava, Ostrava, CZ
Weisheitelova Marketa

National Institute for Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Protection, Kamenna, CZ

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Zemanova Eva, Klouda Karel, Lach Karel, Weisheitelova Marketa. (2014). Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(6), 285-292. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12

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ACS Style

Zemanova Eva; Klouda Karel; Lach Karel; Weisheitelova Marketa. Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(6), 285-292. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12

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AMA Style

Zemanova Eva, Klouda Karel, Lach Karel, Weisheitelova Marketa. Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(6):285-292. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12,
  author = {Zemanova Eva and Klouda Karel and Lach Karel and Weisheitelova Marketa},
  title = {Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {285-292},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140306.12},
  abstract = {Graphite was intercalated with potassium to produce C8K intercalate which was subsequently exposed to suspension of fullerene C60 in toluene. The resulting product stabilized potassium against effects of the atmosphere. The prepared product was exposed to tests of thermal stability and other analyses, such as FT-IR, SEM and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) with the objective to describe arrangement of potassium in the carbon matrix. The product with stabilized potassium in a carbon skeleton (graphite – fullerite) is partly able to resist the atmosphere, it is relatively thermally stable (up to 150 oC) and the energy effects of its decomposition are low up to 600 oC. The product may be used in numerous applications – catalysis, hydrogen storage and as an admixture component in aerosol fire suppression systems.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Intercalation of Metallic Potassium and Fullerene C60 into Natural Graphite
AU  - Zemanova Eva
AU  - Klouda Karel
AU  - Lach Karel
AU  - Weisheitelova Marketa
Y1  - 2014/10/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 285
EP  - 292
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140306.12
AB  - Graphite was intercalated with potassium to produce C8K intercalate which was subsequently exposed to suspension of fullerene C60 in toluene. The resulting product stabilized potassium against effects of the atmosphere. The prepared product was exposed to tests of thermal stability and other analyses, such as FT-IR, SEM and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) with the objective to describe arrangement of potassium in the carbon matrix. The product with stabilized potassium in a carbon skeleton (graphite – fullerite) is partly able to resist the atmosphere, it is relatively thermally stable (up to 150 oC) and the energy effects of its decomposition are low up to 600 oC. The product may be used in numerous applications – catalysis, hydrogen storage and as an admixture component in aerosol fire suppression systems.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download