Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR)

Mohammed H. Al-Maamori; Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi; Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18

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Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR)

Mohammed H. Al-Maamori, Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi, Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 2-1)

Received: 13 January 2015 Accepted: 17 January 2015 Published: 1 February 2015

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Abstract

This research aims to study the effect of addition novolac material (phenol formaldehyde resin, polar) on the mechanical and physical properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) and the proportion of addition novolac material is(0,10,20,30,40,50 pphr) to a sample of nitrile rubber containing 40 part per hundred rubber (pphr) carbon black as a proportion stationary been prepared with (factors of vulcanization, accelerators and activators using two-roll mill laboratory, molds, thermal piston and difference of examination conditions from pressure, temperature and time according to the ASTM), all tests were conducted in the laboratories of the college of materials engineering - university of babylon and laboratories of babylon tire company. Then carrying out the process of scheduling the results of laboratory testing and study its diagrams. Where the results showed the mechanical properties increase in hardness, modulus of elasticity, and resistance to compression, and improved a little in the tear resistance, especially when the amount of novolac are 10 and 20 pphr, and a decrease in properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and resilience), also results show increase in adhesion with polyester fibers and nylon fibers when increasing novolac material. While the results of the physical properties show primitive increase in viscosity, the greatest torque twisting, scorch time and cure time, then decrease for to increasing novolac material. specific gravity also increases with increasing novolac material.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 2-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Steel and Direct Reduced Iron (sponge Iron) Industry
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18
Page(s)	43-47
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nitrile Rubber (NBR), Novolac, Mechanical and Physical Properties

References

[1]	J. G. Sommer, Rubber World, December, 1996, p. 18.
[2]	Table 2, Worldwide Long Term New Rubber Consumption Forecast by Elastomer Type, IISRP Worldwide Rubber Statistics (2001).
[3]	Table 14, Nitrile Dry Rubber (NBR), IISRP Synthetic Rubber Manual,13th Edition, (1995).
[4]	A.Knop and W.Scheib, Chemistry and Application of Phenolic Resins, Springer-Verlag,Berlin Heidelberg, New York (1979).
[5]	N.Kornblum, R.A.Smiley, R.K.Blackwood and D.C.lffland, J. Amer. Chem.S0c. 77, 7269 (1955).
[6]	Humayun Manda] and Allan S. Hay, Polymer, 38 ,26, 6267-627l(1997).
[7]	Martin R.W. The Chemz'stry of Phenolic Resz'n.s', New York, J .Wei1y, (1956).
[8]	Kopf P.W., Wagner,E.R., Polym.Sci. Poly. Chem. Ed.,1l, 939 (1973).
[9]	Al-Maamory, M.H " Mechanical & Physical Properties of Rubber Composite For Engine Mounting " Ph. D. thesis, University of Technology , Baghdad, 2005.
[10]	Muhannad Kh. D. " Design and Industrialization Recipes of Cloth Drawing Rollers From Rubber composite material " M. D. thesis, University of Babylon, 2007.
[11]	Schuur MVD, Gaymans RJ. Influence of chemical crosslinks on the elastic behavior of segmented block copolymers. Polymer 2005;46:6862–8.

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APA Style

Mohammed H. Al-Maamori, Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi, Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh. (2015). Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR). International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 4(2-1), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18

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ACS Style

Mohammed H. Al-Maamori; Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi; Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh. Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR). Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2015, 4(2-1), 43-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18

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AMA Style

Mohammed H. Al-Maamori, Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi, Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh. Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR). Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2015;4(2-1):43-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18,
  author = {Mohammed H. Al-Maamori and Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi and Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh},
  title = {Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR)},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2-1},
  pages = {43-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18},
  abstract = {This research aims to study the effect of addition novolac material (phenol formaldehyde resin, polar) on the mechanical and physical properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) and the proportion of addition novolac material is(0,10,20,30,40,50 pphr) to a sample of nitrile rubber containing 40 part per hundred rubber (pphr) carbon black as a proportion stationary been prepared with (factors of vulcanization, accelerators and activators using two-roll mill laboratory, molds, thermal piston and difference of examination conditions from pressure, temperature and time according to the ASTM), all tests were conducted in the laboratories of the college of materials engineering - university of babylon and laboratories of babylon tire company. Then carrying out the process of scheduling the results of laboratory testing and study its diagrams. Where the results showed the mechanical properties increase in hardness, modulus of elasticity, and resistance to compression, and improved a little in the tear resistance, especially when the amount of novolac are 10 and 20 pphr, and a decrease in properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and resilience), also results show increase in adhesion with polyester fibers and nylon fibers when increasing novolac material. While the results of the physical properties show primitive increase in viscosity, the greatest torque twisting, scorch time and cure time, then decrease for to increasing novolac material. specific gravity also increases with increasing novolac material.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR)
AU  - Mohammed H. Al-Maamori
AU  - Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi
AU  - Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh
Y1  - 2015/02/01
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 43
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18
AB  - This research aims to study the effect of addition novolac material (phenol formaldehyde resin, polar) on the mechanical and physical properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) and the proportion of addition novolac material is(0,10,20,30,40,50 pphr) to a sample of nitrile rubber containing 40 part per hundred rubber (pphr) carbon black as a proportion stationary been prepared with (factors of vulcanization, accelerators and activators using two-roll mill laboratory, molds, thermal piston and difference of examination conditions from pressure, temperature and time according to the ASTM), all tests were conducted in the laboratories of the college of materials engineering - university of babylon and laboratories of babylon tire company. Then carrying out the process of scheduling the results of laboratory testing and study its diagrams. Where the results showed the mechanical properties increase in hardness, modulus of elasticity, and resistance to compression, and improved a little in the tear resistance, especially when the amount of novolac are 10 and 20 pphr, and a decrease in properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and resilience), also results show increase in adhesion with polyester fibers and nylon fibers when increasing novolac material. While the results of the physical properties show primitive increase in viscosity, the greatest torque twisting, scorch time and cure time, then decrease for to increasing novolac material. specific gravity also increases with increasing novolac material.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2-1
ER  -

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Author Information

Mohammed H. Al-Maamori

College of Materials Engineering, Babylon University, Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Industries, Babylon, Iraq
Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi

College of Engineering / Al-Musayyib, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq
Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh

College of Materials Engineering, Babylon University, Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Industries, Babylon, Iraq

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APA Style

Mohammed H. Al-Maamori, Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi, Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh. (2015). Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR). International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 4(2-1), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18

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ACS Style

Mohammed H. Al-Maamori; Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi; Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh. Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR). Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2015, 4(2-1), 43-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18

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AMA Style

Mohammed H. Al-Maamori, Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi, Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh. Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR). Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2015;4(2-1):43-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18,
  author = {Mohammed H. Al-Maamori and Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi and Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh},
  title = {Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR)},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2-1},
  pages = {43-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18},
  abstract = {This research aims to study the effect of addition novolac material (phenol formaldehyde resin, polar) on the mechanical and physical properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) and the proportion of addition novolac material is(0,10,20,30,40,50 pphr) to a sample of nitrile rubber containing 40 part per hundred rubber (pphr) carbon black as a proportion stationary been prepared with (factors of vulcanization, accelerators and activators using two-roll mill laboratory, molds, thermal piston and difference of examination conditions from pressure, temperature and time according to the ASTM), all tests were conducted in the laboratories of the college of materials engineering - university of babylon and laboratories of babylon tire company. Then carrying out the process of scheduling the results of laboratory testing and study its diagrams. Where the results showed the mechanical properties increase in hardness, modulus of elasticity, and resistance to compression, and improved a little in the tear resistance, especially when the amount of novolac are 10 and 20 pphr, and a decrease in properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and resilience), also results show increase in adhesion with polyester fibers and nylon fibers when increasing novolac material. While the results of the physical properties show primitive increase in viscosity, the greatest torque twisting, scorch time and cure time, then decrease for to increasing novolac material. specific gravity also increases with increasing novolac material.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Novolac on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber (NBR)
AU  - Mohammed H. Al-Maamori
AU  - Ali Abdul-Amir Al-Zubaidi
AU  - Ahmed Abdulameer Subeh
Y1  - 2015/02/01
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 43
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.18
AB  - This research aims to study the effect of addition novolac material (phenol formaldehyde resin, polar) on the mechanical and physical properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) and the proportion of addition novolac material is(0,10,20,30,40,50 pphr) to a sample of nitrile rubber containing 40 part per hundred rubber (pphr) carbon black as a proportion stationary been prepared with (factors of vulcanization, accelerators and activators using two-roll mill laboratory, molds, thermal piston and difference of examination conditions from pressure, temperature and time according to the ASTM), all tests were conducted in the laboratories of the college of materials engineering - university of babylon and laboratories of babylon tire company. Then carrying out the process of scheduling the results of laboratory testing and study its diagrams. Where the results showed the mechanical properties increase in hardness, modulus of elasticity, and resistance to compression, and improved a little in the tear resistance, especially when the amount of novolac are 10 and 20 pphr, and a decrease in properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and resilience), also results show increase in adhesion with polyester fibers and nylon fibers when increasing novolac material. While the results of the physical properties show primitive increase in viscosity, the greatest torque twisting, scorch time and cure time, then decrease for to increasing novolac material. specific gravity also increases with increasing novolac material.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2-1
ER  -

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