International Journal of Materials Science and Applications

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Natural Bed of Masonry Stones and Its Effect on the Stability of Wall Stucco Decoration in Historical Buildings

Received: 31 August 2016    Accepted: 21 October 2016    Published: 17 January 2017
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Abstract

The paper aims to achieve Proper knowledge of the properties of stone and understanding deterioration factors and deterioration mechanisms are necessary for successful maintenance, protection and suitable conservation interventions. avoiding technical errors that occur during building up the building. These technical errors cause stucco decoration falling. samples from the building (Mohamed Ali house) stone blocks and Crystalline salts are Analyzed by X-ray diffraction & X-ray fluorescence. To be able to interpret the wall damage accurately. Results showed that Halite salt efflorescence occur in vertically stone bedding plane. thermal expansion coefficient of a salt exceeds the surrounding rock stone weathering Exfoliation occur. So incorrect position for building stones, Not perpendicular to Bedding Plane of Sedimentary rocks, This problem must be avoided because its harmful effect to the Stability of Wall Stucco Decoration in Historical Buildings.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2016050602.13
Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 5, Issue 6-2, December 2016)

This article belongs to the Special Issue New Strategies for Conservation of Historical Objects, Principles and Practical Applications

Page(s) 15-21
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Natural Bed of Stone, Bedding Plane, Efflorescence of Salts, Intrinsic Factors, Tensile Strengths, Crystal Lization Pressure, Exfoliation

References
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[3] Antonia Moropoulou, Kyriakos Labropoulos, Agoritsa Konstanti, Konstantinos Roumpopoulos, Asterios Bakolas, and Prodromos Michailidis. susceptibility of building stones to environmental loads: evaluation, performance, repair strategies Chapter 5: Weathering. Fracture and Failure of Natural Building Stones: Applications in the restoration of ancient monuments. Edited by starosk. kourkoulis, national technical university of Athens Greece 2006 p 291.
[4] Barbara Lubelli, Mario R. de Rooij. NaCl crystallization in restoration plasters. Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 1736–1742.
[5] B. Lubelli, T. G. Nijland, R. P. J. van Hees, A. Hacquebord. Effect of mixed in crystallization inhibitor on resistance of lime–cement mortar against NaCl crystallization. Construction and Building Materials 24 (2010) 2466–2472.
[6] Alva Kurniawan, Jasmine A. P., John Mc. Kenzie. General Dictionary of Geology. by Environmental Geographic Student Association, Indonesia. 2009, p 11.
[7] El-Gohary, M. A. evaluation of chemical effects on the deterioration of archaeological limestone affected by salinity water in Egypt. SBEIDCO – 1st International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment Infrastructures in Developing Countries, ENSET Oran (Algeria) - October 12-14, 2009 p 76.
[8] John Allen Howe. The geology of building stones. Routledge, new york, USA. 2015.
[9] Abu Bakr Moussa, Nikolaos Kantiranis, Kontantinos S. Voudouris, John A. Stratis, Mona F. Ali, Vasilios Christaras. Diagnosis of weathered Coptic wall paintings in the Wadi El Natrun region, Egypt. Journal of Cultural Heritage 10 (2009) 152-157.
[10] Indiana limestone institute of America. INC. Indiana limestone handbook 22nd Edition. 2007. p 7.
[11] Rakesh beohar. basic civil engineering. Laxmi Publications (December 1, 2005) P 6.
[12] Anne E. G rimmer. A Glossary of Historic Masonry Deterioration Problems and Preservation Treatments. Department of the Interior National Park Service Preservation Assistance Division, Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data usa, 1984 P 13.
[13] Okewale, I. A, Olaleye, B. M. Correlation of Strength Properties of Limestone Deposit in Ogun State, Nigeria with Penetration Rate Using Linear Regression Analysis for Engineering Applications. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES). Volume 2, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 18-24.
[14] Pedro Jose Depetris, Andrea Ines Pasquini, Karina Leticia Lecomte. Weathering and the Riverine. Denudation of Continents. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London, 2014, p 11-15.
[15] C. Cardella, D. Benaventeb, J. Rodríguez-Gordilloa. Weathering of limestone building material by mixed sulfate solutions. Characterization of stone microstructure, reaction products and decay forms. materials characterization 59 (2008) p 1371–1385.
[16] R. PRIKRYL, B. J. SMITH. Building Stone Decay: From Diagnosis to Conservation. Published by The Geological Society London, 2007, p 200.
[17] Habib Alehossein and J N Boland. Strength, toughness, damage and fatigue of rock. Proceedings of the International Conference, SIF 2004, Brisbane, Australia.
Author Information
  • Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

  • Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

  • Al Ahram Higher Institute for Engineering & Technology, Giza, Egypt

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  • APA Style

    Mohamed Atyia Hawash, Hala Afifi Mahmoud, Mohamed Abd El Motelb Etman. (2017). Natural Bed of Masonry Stones and Its Effect on the Stability of Wall Stucco Decoration in Historical Buildings. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 5(6-2), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2016050602.13

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    ACS Style

    Mohamed Atyia Hawash; Hala Afifi Mahmoud; Mohamed Abd El Motelb Etman. Natural Bed of Masonry Stones and Its Effect on the Stability of Wall Stucco Decoration in Historical Buildings. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2017, 5(6-2), 15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2016050602.13

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    AMA Style

    Mohamed Atyia Hawash, Hala Afifi Mahmoud, Mohamed Abd El Motelb Etman. Natural Bed of Masonry Stones and Its Effect on the Stability of Wall Stucco Decoration in Historical Buildings. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2017;5(6-2):15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2016050602.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2016050602.13,
      author = {Mohamed Atyia Hawash and Hala Afifi Mahmoud and Mohamed Abd El Motelb Etman},
      title = {Natural Bed of Masonry Stones and Its Effect on the Stability of Wall Stucco Decoration in Historical Buildings},
      journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
      volume = {5},
      number = {6-2},
      pages = {15-21},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2016050602.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2016050602.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.s.2016050602.13},
      abstract = {The paper aims to achieve Proper knowledge of the properties of stone and understanding deterioration factors and deterioration mechanisms are necessary for successful maintenance, protection and suitable conservation interventions. avoiding technical errors that occur during building up the building. These technical errors cause stucco decoration falling. samples from the building (Mohamed Ali house) stone blocks and Crystalline salts are Analyzed by X-ray diffraction & X-ray fluorescence. To be able to interpret the wall damage accurately. Results showed that Halite salt efflorescence occur in vertically stone bedding plane. thermal expansion coefficient of a salt exceeds the surrounding rock stone weathering Exfoliation occur. So incorrect position for building stones, Not perpendicular to Bedding Plane of Sedimentary rocks, This problem must be avoided because its harmful effect to the Stability of Wall Stucco Decoration in Historical Buildings.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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    T1  - Natural Bed of Masonry Stones and Its Effect on the Stability of Wall Stucco Decoration in Historical Buildings
    AU  - Mohamed Atyia Hawash
    AU  - Hala Afifi Mahmoud
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    JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2016050602.13
    AB  - The paper aims to achieve Proper knowledge of the properties of stone and understanding deterioration factors and deterioration mechanisms are necessary for successful maintenance, protection and suitable conservation interventions. avoiding technical errors that occur during building up the building. These technical errors cause stucco decoration falling. samples from the building (Mohamed Ali house) stone blocks and Crystalline salts are Analyzed by X-ray diffraction & X-ray fluorescence. To be able to interpret the wall damage accurately. Results showed that Halite salt efflorescence occur in vertically stone bedding plane. thermal expansion coefficient of a salt exceeds the surrounding rock stone weathering Exfoliation occur. So incorrect position for building stones, Not perpendicular to Bedding Plane of Sedimentary rocks, This problem must be avoided because its harmful effect to the Stability of Wall Stucco Decoration in Historical Buildings.
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