Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe

Yoshiharu Mae

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16

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Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe

Yoshiharu Mae

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 6, Issue 4)

Received: 21 June 2017 Accepted: 5 July 2017 Published: 17 July 2017

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Abstract

The effects of various alloying elements on the hardenability of steels are known experimentally, but the reasons for these effects are not well understood. In this work, the upper critical cooling rate was selected as the index of hardenability. Changes in the upper critical cooling rate of steel caused by the presence of alloying elements and the diffusion coefficients of those elements in the ã-phase of Fe, plotted on thermal conductivity–Young’s modulus diagrams, showed similar patterns. The correlation between these factors was studied. Good correlation was found: the upper critical cooling rate decreased linearly with increasing diffusion coefficient of the alloying element in the ã-phase, i.e., the hardenability increased. It is considered that a large diffusion coefficient of an alloy element in the ã-phase increases its entropy and, on cooling, thermodynamically stabilizes the ã-phase, thereby preventing its transformation to the á-phase and retaining the ã-phase at a lower temperature, which consequently favors martensitic transformation even at low cooling rates.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16
Page(s)	200-206
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hardenability, Steel, Diffusion Coefficient, Young’s Modulus, Thermal Conductivity

References

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[12]	J. H. Hollomon, and L. D. Jaffe, “The hardenability concept,” Trans. AIME, vol. 167, pp. 601-616, 1946.
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[14]	T. Kasuya, and N. Yurioka, “Carbon equivalent and multiplying factor for hardenability of steel,” Weld. J., vol. 72, pp. 263-268, 1993.
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[16]	H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia and R. W. K. Honeycombe, Steels: Microstructure and Properties, 3^rd ed., Elsevier, Oxford, 2006, p167.
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[20]	G. E. Totten, Steel Heat Treatment, 2^nd. ed. Taylor & Francis, N. Y., 2006, pp. 195-196.
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Yoshiharu Mae. (2017). Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 6(4), 200-206. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16

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ACS Style

Yoshiharu Mae. Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2017, 6(4), 200-206. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16

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AMA Style

Yoshiharu Mae. Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2017;6(4):200-206. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16,
  author = {Yoshiharu Mae},
  title = {Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {200-206},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20170604.16},
  abstract = {The effects of various alloying elements on the hardenability of steels are known experimentally, but the reasons for these effects are not well understood. In this work, the upper critical cooling rate was selected as the index of hardenability. Changes in the upper critical cooling rate of steel caused by the presence of alloying elements and the diffusion coefficients of those elements in the ã-phase of Fe, plotted on thermal conductivity–Young’s modulus diagrams, showed similar patterns. The correlation between these factors was studied. Good correlation was found: the upper critical cooling rate decreased linearly with increasing diffusion coefficient of the alloying element in the ã-phase, i.e., the hardenability increased. It is considered that a large diffusion coefficient of an alloy element in the ã-phase increases its entropy and, on cooling, thermodynamically stabilizes the ã-phase, thereby preventing its transformation to the á-phase and retaining the ã-phase at a lower temperature, which consequently favors martensitic transformation even at low cooling rates.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe
AU  - Yoshiharu Mae
Y1  - 2017/07/17
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 200
EP  - 206
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16
AB  - The effects of various alloying elements on the hardenability of steels are known experimentally, but the reasons for these effects are not well understood. In this work, the upper critical cooling rate was selected as the index of hardenability. Changes in the upper critical cooling rate of steel caused by the presence of alloying elements and the diffusion coefficients of those elements in the ã-phase of Fe, plotted on thermal conductivity–Young’s modulus diagrams, showed similar patterns. The correlation between these factors was studied. Good correlation was found: the upper critical cooling rate decreased linearly with increasing diffusion coefficient of the alloying element in the ã-phase, i.e., the hardenability increased. It is considered that a large diffusion coefficient of an alloy element in the ã-phase increases its entropy and, on cooling, thermodynamically stabilizes the ã-phase, thereby preventing its transformation to the á-phase and retaining the ã-phase at a lower temperature, which consequently favors martensitic transformation even at low cooling rates.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Yoshiharu Mae

Maetech, Mimuro, Midori Ward, Saitama City, Japan

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APA Style

Yoshiharu Mae. (2017). Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 6(4), 200-206. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16

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ACS Style

Yoshiharu Mae. Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2017, 6(4), 200-206. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Yoshiharu Mae. Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2017;6(4):200-206. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16,
  author = {Yoshiharu Mae},
  title = {Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {200-206},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20170604.16},
  abstract = {The effects of various alloying elements on the hardenability of steels are known experimentally, but the reasons for these effects are not well understood. In this work, the upper critical cooling rate was selected as the index of hardenability. Changes in the upper critical cooling rate of steel caused by the presence of alloying elements and the diffusion coefficients of those elements in the ã-phase of Fe, plotted on thermal conductivity–Young’s modulus diagrams, showed similar patterns. The correlation between these factors was studied. Good correlation was found: the upper critical cooling rate decreased linearly with increasing diffusion coefficient of the alloying element in the ã-phase, i.e., the hardenability increased. It is considered that a large diffusion coefficient of an alloy element in the ã-phase increases its entropy and, on cooling, thermodynamically stabilizes the ã-phase, thereby preventing its transformation to the á-phase and retaining the ã-phase at a lower temperature, which consequently favors martensitic transformation even at low cooling rates.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Correlation of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of Steels to the Diffusion Coefficients of Elements in Fe
AU  - Yoshiharu Mae
Y1  - 2017/07/17
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 200
EP  - 206
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20170604.16
AB  - The effects of various alloying elements on the hardenability of steels are known experimentally, but the reasons for these effects are not well understood. In this work, the upper critical cooling rate was selected as the index of hardenability. Changes in the upper critical cooling rate of steel caused by the presence of alloying elements and the diffusion coefficients of those elements in the ã-phase of Fe, plotted on thermal conductivity–Young’s modulus diagrams, showed similar patterns. The correlation between these factors was studied. Good correlation was found: the upper critical cooling rate decreased linearly with increasing diffusion coefficient of the alloying element in the ã-phase, i.e., the hardenability increased. It is considered that a large diffusion coefficient of an alloy element in the ã-phase increases its entropy and, on cooling, thermodynamically stabilizes the ã-phase, thereby preventing its transformation to the á-phase and retaining the ã-phase at a lower temperature, which consequently favors martensitic transformation even at low cooling rates.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download