Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa)

Onyema; Chukwuebuka ThankGod; Ajiwe; Vincent Ishmael; Nwankwo; Ogochukwu Obioma

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11

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Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa)

Onyema, Chukwuebuka ThankGod, Ajiwe, Vincent Ishmael, Nwankwo, Ogochukwu Obioma

Published in Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 20 June 2014 Accepted: 3 July 2014 Published: 10 July 2014

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Abstract

The roots of Ficus exasparata of the Moraceae family were duly analysed to ascertain the active constituents responsible for the use of the plant part in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, treatment of internal bleeding, bruises, cough and dangerous boils among others. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of some secondary metabolites in various concentrations with saponin and alkaloids present in low concentration while reducing sugars were present in very high concentration with protein, carbohydrates and acidic components totally absent. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) analysis showed the presence of certain trace elements such as Cd (0.55ppm), Cr (1.88ppm),As (0.38ppm), Hg (0.09ppm) etc which were higher than the WHO recommended standard of Cd (0.003ppm), Cr (0.05ppm), As (0.01ppm), Hg (0.001ppm) respectively an observation that could be attributed to the crude nature of the plant parts. Three different choice solvents (Chloroform, Ethylacetate and Chloroform-Methanol mixture) were used in the extraction of the plant part. The extracts were subsequently subjected to thin layer chromatography with respective Rf values as 0.13, 0.22 and 0.60 respectively showing just a single spot each for all the solvents used. The extracts were subjected to antimicrobial screening using eight pathogenic bacteria species and three fungi with only the chloroform extract exhibiting activity on the selected test organisms. The three extracts from the sample were subjected to structural elucidation using a combination of some spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV-VIS, H1-NMR, C13-NMR and GCMS. The spectral analysis suggested the presence of Coumarin-3-carboxamide, 8-allyl-N-(3-nitrophenyl) and 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-tributyl ester for chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. The constituents of these extracts such as Coumarin in chloroform extract could account for its potency in curing certain illnesses as coumarin is a well known natural product that has displayed a broad range of biological activities.

Published in	Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11
Page(s)	11-16
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ficus Exasparata, Phytochemical Analysis, Anti-Microbial Analysis, Structural Elucidation, Spectroscopic Technique

References

[1]	Dalziel,J.M., (1961). The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, the Crown Agents, London, p.308.
[2]	Sofowara, E.A., (1983). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa, 2nd edn. John Wiley, Winchester, p.10
[3]	Edeoga, H.O., Okwu, D.E and Mbaebie O., (2005). Nutritional Values of some known conventional leafy vegetables of Nigeria, African Journal of Biotechnol, 4(7), 685-688.
[4]	Filogona, J., Dunah, C.S., and Wakshama, P.S., (2005). An Invitro study of the Antimicrobial Activity of the root extract of calotropis procena and moringa oleifera, Ife Journal of Science, 7(1), 43-44.
[5]	Buniyam, A.A., Eric, K.I.Q, Fabian, C.A., (2007). Pharmacognosy and Hypotensive Evaluation of Ficus exasparata Vahl (moraceae) Leave., Acta Polaniae Pharmaceutica-Drug Research, 64(6), 543-546.
[6]	Sonibare, M.A., Soladoye, M.O., Esan, O.O., and Sonibare, O.O., (2009). Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of four Species of cola schott and Endl. (sterculiaceae). Afr J Trad CAM., 6 (4), 518-525.
[7]	Harbone, J.B., (1998). Phytochemical Methods- A guide to Modern Techniques of plant Analysis, 3rd edn., Chapman and Hall, London, pp.36-89.
[8]	Adodo, A., (1998). Nature Power (Revised Edition), Don Bosco Publishers, Akure , Nigeria, p.41.
[9]	Adeniyi, B.A.,Groves, M.J., and Gangadharam, P.R.J., (2004). Invitro antimycobacterial activities of three species of cola plant extracts, (sterculiaceae). Phytotherap Res., 18(5), 414-418.
[10]	Idu, M., (2010). Documentationon Medicinal Plants sold in markets in Abeokuta, Nigeria, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 9 (2), 110-118.
[11]	Reid, K.A., Jager,A.K., Light,M.E., Mulholland, D.A., and Staden, J.V., (2005). Phytochemical and Pharmacological screening of Sterculiacea Species and Isolation of antibacterial compounds, J. Ethnopharmacol, 97(2), 285-291.
[12]	Cunha, B.A., (2009). Antibiotic Essentials, 8th edn., Jones and Barlett Learning Publishers, United States, p.180.
[13]	Alinnor, I.J., (2007). Preliminary Phytochemical and antibacterial activity screening of seeds of Garcinia Cola, Journal Chemical Society Of Nigeria, 32(2), 41-47.
[14]	Penecilla, G.L., Magno, C.P.,(2011). Antibacterial activity of extracts of twelve common medicinal plants from phillipines. J.med.plants research, 5(16), 3975-3981.
[15]	Murray, R.D.H ,Mendez, J, Brown, S.A., (1982). In the National Coumarins: Occurence, Chemistry and Biochemistry. John Wiley and Sons: New York, P.227
[16]	Kessler C.M., Chest (1991), 99, 97S-112S. (b) O’kennedy R., Thrones, R.D., Eds (1997) Coumarins: Biology, Applications and Mode of Action; Wiley; Chichester, U.K.

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Onyema, Chukwuebuka ThankGod, Ajiwe, Vincent Ishmael, Nwankwo, et al. (2014). Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa). Science Journal of Chemistry, 2(3), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11

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ACS Style

Onyema; Chukwuebuka ThankGod; Ajiwe; Vincent Ishmael; Nwankwo, et al. Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa). Sci. J. Chem. 2014, 2(3), 11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11

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AMA Style

Onyema, Chukwuebuka ThankGod, Ajiwe, Vincent Ishmael, Nwankwo, et al. Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa). Sci J Chem. 2014;2(3):11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11,
  author = {Onyema and Chukwuebuka ThankGod and Ajiwe and Vincent Ishmael and Nwankwo and Ogochukwu Obioma},
  title = {Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa)},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {11-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20140203.11},
  abstract = {The roots of Ficus exasparata of the Moraceae family were duly analysed to ascertain the active constituents responsible for the use of the plant part in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, treatment of internal bleeding, bruises, cough and dangerous boils among others. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of some secondary metabolites in various concentrations with saponin and alkaloids present in low concentration while reducing sugars were present in very high concentration with protein, carbohydrates and acidic components totally absent. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) analysis showed the presence of certain trace elements such as Cd (0.55ppm), Cr (1.88ppm),As (0.38ppm), Hg (0.09ppm) etc which were higher than the WHO recommended standard of Cd (0.003ppm), Cr (0.05ppm), As (0.01ppm), Hg (0.001ppm) respectively an observation that could be attributed to the crude nature of the plant parts. Three different choice solvents (Chloroform, Ethylacetate and Chloroform-Methanol mixture) were used in the extraction of the plant part. The extracts were subsequently subjected to thin layer chromatography with respective Rf values as 0.13, 0.22 and 0.60 respectively showing just a single spot each for all the solvents used. The extracts were subjected to antimicrobial screening using eight pathogenic bacteria species and three fungi with only the chloroform extract exhibiting activity on the selected test organisms. The three extracts from the sample were subjected to structural elucidation using a combination of some spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV-VIS, H1-NMR, C13-NMR and GCMS. The spectral analysis suggested the presence of Coumarin-3-carboxamide, 8-allyl-N-(3-nitrophenyl) and 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-tributyl ester for chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. The constituents of these extracts such as Coumarin in chloroform extract could account for its potency in curing certain illnesses as coumarin is a well known natural product that has displayed a broad range of biological activities.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa)
AU  - Onyema
AU  - Chukwuebuka ThankGod
AU  - Ajiwe
AU  - Vincent Ishmael
AU  - Nwankwo
AU  - Ogochukwu Obioma
Y1  - 2014/07/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 11
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11
AB  - The roots of Ficus exasparata of the Moraceae family were duly analysed to ascertain the active constituents responsible for the use of the plant part in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, treatment of internal bleeding, bruises, cough and dangerous boils among others. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of some secondary metabolites in various concentrations with saponin and alkaloids present in low concentration while reducing sugars were present in very high concentration with protein, carbohydrates and acidic components totally absent. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) analysis showed the presence of certain trace elements such as Cd (0.55ppm), Cr (1.88ppm),As (0.38ppm), Hg (0.09ppm) etc which were higher than the WHO recommended standard of Cd (0.003ppm), Cr (0.05ppm), As (0.01ppm), Hg (0.001ppm) respectively an observation that could be attributed to the crude nature of the plant parts. Three different choice solvents (Chloroform, Ethylacetate and Chloroform-Methanol mixture) were used in the extraction of the plant part. The extracts were subsequently subjected to thin layer chromatography with respective Rf values as 0.13, 0.22 and 0.60 respectively showing just a single spot each for all the solvents used. The extracts were subjected to antimicrobial screening using eight pathogenic bacteria species and three fungi with only the chloroform extract exhibiting activity on the selected test organisms. The three extracts from the sample were subjected to structural elucidation using a combination of some spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV-VIS, H1-NMR, C13-NMR and GCMS. The spectral analysis suggested the presence of Coumarin-3-carboxamide, 8-allyl-N-(3-nitrophenyl) and 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-tributyl ester for chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. The constituents of these extracts such as Coumarin in chloroform extract could account for its potency in curing certain illnesses as coumarin is a well known natural product that has displayed a broad range of biological activities.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Onyema
Chukwuebuka ThankGod
Ajiwe
Vincent Ishmael
Nwankwo
Ogochukwu Obioma

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APA Style

Onyema, Chukwuebuka ThankGod, Ajiwe, Vincent Ishmael, Nwankwo, et al. (2014). Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa). Science Journal of Chemistry, 2(3), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11

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ACS Style

Onyema; Chukwuebuka ThankGod; Ajiwe; Vincent Ishmael; Nwankwo, et al. Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa). Sci. J. Chem. 2014, 2(3), 11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11

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AMA Style

Onyema, Chukwuebuka ThankGod, Ajiwe, Vincent Ishmael, Nwankwo, et al. Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa). Sci J Chem. 2014;2(3):11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11,
  author = {Onyema and Chukwuebuka ThankGod and Ajiwe and Vincent Ishmael and Nwankwo and Ogochukwu Obioma},
  title = {Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa)},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {11-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20140203.11},
  abstract = {The roots of Ficus exasparata of the Moraceae family were duly analysed to ascertain the active constituents responsible for the use of the plant part in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, treatment of internal bleeding, bruises, cough and dangerous boils among others. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of some secondary metabolites in various concentrations with saponin and alkaloids present in low concentration while reducing sugars were present in very high concentration with protein, carbohydrates and acidic components totally absent. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) analysis showed the presence of certain trace elements such as Cd (0.55ppm), Cr (1.88ppm),As (0.38ppm), Hg (0.09ppm) etc which were higher than the WHO recommended standard of Cd (0.003ppm), Cr (0.05ppm), As (0.01ppm), Hg (0.001ppm) respectively an observation that could be attributed to the crude nature of the plant parts. Three different choice solvents (Chloroform, Ethylacetate and Chloroform-Methanol mixture) were used in the extraction of the plant part. The extracts were subsequently subjected to thin layer chromatography with respective Rf values as 0.13, 0.22 and 0.60 respectively showing just a single spot each for all the solvents used. The extracts were subjected to antimicrobial screening using eight pathogenic bacteria species and three fungi with only the chloroform extract exhibiting activity on the selected test organisms. The three extracts from the sample were subjected to structural elucidation using a combination of some spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV-VIS, H1-NMR, C13-NMR and GCMS. The spectral analysis suggested the presence of Coumarin-3-carboxamide, 8-allyl-N-(3-nitrophenyl) and 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-tributyl ester for chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. The constituents of these extracts such as Coumarin in chloroform extract could account for its potency in curing certain illnesses as coumarin is a well known natural product that has displayed a broad range of biological activities.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phytochemical and Anti-Microbial Analysis of the Roots of Ficus Exasparata (Anwirinwa)
AU  - Onyema
AU  - Chukwuebuka ThankGod
AU  - Ajiwe
AU  - Vincent Ishmael
AU  - Nwankwo
AU  - Ogochukwu Obioma
Y1  - 2014/07/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 11
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20140203.11
AB  - The roots of Ficus exasparata of the Moraceae family were duly analysed to ascertain the active constituents responsible for the use of the plant part in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, treatment of internal bleeding, bruises, cough and dangerous boils among others. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of some secondary metabolites in various concentrations with saponin and alkaloids present in low concentration while reducing sugars were present in very high concentration with protein, carbohydrates and acidic components totally absent. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) analysis showed the presence of certain trace elements such as Cd (0.55ppm), Cr (1.88ppm),As (0.38ppm), Hg (0.09ppm) etc which were higher than the WHO recommended standard of Cd (0.003ppm), Cr (0.05ppm), As (0.01ppm), Hg (0.001ppm) respectively an observation that could be attributed to the crude nature of the plant parts. Three different choice solvents (Chloroform, Ethylacetate and Chloroform-Methanol mixture) were used in the extraction of the plant part. The extracts were subsequently subjected to thin layer chromatography with respective Rf values as 0.13, 0.22 and 0.60 respectively showing just a single spot each for all the solvents used. The extracts were subjected to antimicrobial screening using eight pathogenic bacteria species and three fungi with only the chloroform extract exhibiting activity on the selected test organisms. The three extracts from the sample were subjected to structural elucidation using a combination of some spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV-VIS, H1-NMR, C13-NMR and GCMS. The spectral analysis suggested the presence of Coumarin-3-carboxamide, 8-allyl-N-(3-nitrophenyl) and 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-tributyl ester for chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. The constituents of these extracts such as Coumarin in chloroform extract could account for its potency in curing certain illnesses as coumarin is a well known natural product that has displayed a broad range of biological activities.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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