Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities

Ahmadreza Daraei; Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11

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Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities

Ahmadreza Daraei, Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh

Published in American Journal of Optics and Photonics (Volume 1, Issue 3)

Received: 22 May 2013 Accepted: Published: 20 June 2013

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Abstract

The strong localization of electromagnetic modes in high-Q/Vm (quality factor/modal volume) photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities (NCs) makes them strong candidates for enhanced optical nonlinear effects, such as cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) phenomena. These applications require precise control of cavity resonances mode. The cavity resonance is strongly depending on the lattice constant, a, and the air-hole radius, r, of photonic crystals. Slight modifications in the geometries of the photonic crystals will result in large differences in the dispersion characteristics. In this paper, by using BandSOLVE and FullWAVE software of RSoft Photonics CAD package, at first L1, L3 and L5 NCs in a semiconductor slab have been simulated in a hexagonal lattice of air-holes (radius r) with lattice constant a=270 nm and constant fill factor (r/a=0.29). Then, with radius reduction of the two ends air-holes (TEA-H), different confinement characteristics of photonic modes such as: numbers of confined modes, wavelengths, quality factors and two dimensional field profiles have been investigated. Calculations have shown that when radius of (TEA-H) in the linear NCs with n missing air-holes in a line, Ln, reaches to nearly zero value, transition in the structure to the L(n+2) NCs, with roughly different qualities has been observed. Also, improvement in the quality factors of higher-order modes will be achieved. Understanding of the higher-order modes and two dimensional field profiles of the confined photonic modes are useful for the design of more efficient nano-lasers and observation of the cavity QED effects.

Published in	American Journal of Optics and Photonics (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11
Page(s)	11-16
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Photonic Crystals, L1-L3-L5 Linear Nanocavities, Confined Modes, Field Profiles, Quality Factors

References

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[3]	Y. Akahane, T. Asano, B. S. Song, S. Noda, "High-Q photonic nanocavity in two-dimensional photonic crystal", Nature 425, 944 (2003).
[4]	K. J. Vahala, "Optical Microcavities", Nature 424, 839 (2003).
[5]	T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, J. Hendrickson, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, G. Rupper, C. Ell, O. B. Shchekin, D. G. Deppe, "Vacuum Rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity", Nature 432, 200 (2004).
[6]	S. Strauf, K. Hennessy, M. T. Rakher, Y. S. Choi, A. Badolato, L. C. Andreani, E. L. Hu, P. M. Petroff, and D. Bouwmeester, "Self-tuned quantum dot gain in photonic crystal lasers", Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 127104 (2006).
[7]	W-H. Chang, W-Y. Chen, H-S. Chang, T-P. Hsieh, J-I. Chyi, and T-M. Hsu, "Efficient single-photon sources based on low-density quantum dots in photonic-crystal nanocavities", Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 117401 (2006).
[8]	M. Notomi, A. Shinya, S. Mitsugi, G. Kira, E. Kuramochi, and T. Tanabe, "Optical bistable switching action of Si high-Q photonic-crystal nanocavities", Optics Express 13, 2678 (2005).
[9]	E. M. Purcell, "Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies", Phys. Rev. 69, 681 (1946).
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[14]	S. Noda, A. Chutinan, M. Imada, "Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure", Nature 407, 608 (2000).

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APA Style

Ahmadreza Daraei, Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh. (2013). Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 1(3), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11

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ACS Style

Ahmadreza Daraei; Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh. Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities. Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2013, 1(3), 11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11

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AMA Style

Ahmadreza Daraei, Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh. Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities. Am J Opt Photonics. 2013;1(3):11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11,
  author = {Ahmadreza Daraei and Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh},
  title = {Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities},
  journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {11-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20130103.11},
  abstract = {The strong localization of electromagnetic modes in high-Q/Vm (quality factor/modal volume) photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities (NCs) makes them strong candidates for enhanced optical nonlinear effects, such as cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) phenomena. These applications require precise control of cavity resonances mode. The cavity resonance is strongly depending on the lattice constant, a, and the air-hole radius, r, of photonic crystals. Slight modifications in the geometries of the photonic crystals will result in large differences in the dispersion characteristics. In this paper, by using BandSOLVE and FullWAVE software of RSoft Photonics CAD package, at first L1, L3 and L5 NCs in a semiconductor slab have been simulated in a hexagonal lattice of air-holes (radius r) with lattice constant a=270 nm and constant fill factor (r/a=0.29). Then, with radius reduction of the two ends air-holes (TEA-H), different confinement characteristics of photonic modes such as: numbers of confined modes, wavelengths, quality factors and two dimensional field profiles have been investigated. Calculations have shown that when radius of (TEA-H) in the linear NCs with n missing air-holes in a line, Ln, reaches to nearly zero value, transition in the structure to the L(n+2) NCs, with roughly different qualities has been observed. Also, improvement in the quality factors of higher-order modes will be achieved. Understanding of the higher-order modes and two dimensional field profiles of the confined photonic modes are useful for the design of more efficient nano-lasers and observation of the cavity QED effects.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities
AU  - Ahmadreza Daraei
AU  - Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh
Y1  - 2013/06/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11
T2  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
JF  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
JO  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
SP  - 11
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8494
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11
AB  - The strong localization of electromagnetic modes in high-Q/Vm (quality factor/modal volume) photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities (NCs) makes them strong candidates for enhanced optical nonlinear effects, such as cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) phenomena. These applications require precise control of cavity resonances mode. The cavity resonance is strongly depending on the lattice constant, a, and the air-hole radius, r, of photonic crystals. Slight modifications in the geometries of the photonic crystals will result in large differences in the dispersion characteristics. In this paper, by using BandSOLVE and FullWAVE software of RSoft Photonics CAD package, at first L1, L3 and L5 NCs in a semiconductor slab have been simulated in a hexagonal lattice of air-holes (radius r) with lattice constant a=270 nm and constant fill factor (r/a=0.29). Then, with radius reduction of the two ends air-holes (TEA-H), different confinement characteristics of photonic modes such as: numbers of confined modes, wavelengths, quality factors and two dimensional field profiles have been investigated. Calculations have shown that when radius of (TEA-H) in the linear NCs with n missing air-holes in a line, Ln, reaches to nearly zero value, transition in the structure to the L(n+2) NCs, with roughly different qualities has been observed. Also, improvement in the quality factors of higher-order modes will be achieved. Understanding of the higher-order modes and two dimensional field profiles of the confined photonic modes are useful for the design of more efficient nano-lasers and observation of the cavity QED effects.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ahmadreza Daraei

Dept of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh

Dept of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

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APA Style

Ahmadreza Daraei, Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh. (2013). Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 1(3), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11

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ACS Style

Ahmadreza Daraei; Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh. Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities. Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2013, 1(3), 11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11

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AMA Style

Ahmadreza Daraei, Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh. Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities. Am J Opt Photonics. 2013;1(3):11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11,
  author = {Ahmadreza Daraei and Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh},
  title = {Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities},
  journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {11-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20130103.11},
  abstract = {The strong localization of electromagnetic modes in high-Q/Vm (quality factor/modal volume) photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities (NCs) makes them strong candidates for enhanced optical nonlinear effects, such as cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) phenomena. These applications require precise control of cavity resonances mode. The cavity resonance is strongly depending on the lattice constant, a, and the air-hole radius, r, of photonic crystals. Slight modifications in the geometries of the photonic crystals will result in large differences in the dispersion characteristics. In this paper, by using BandSOLVE and FullWAVE software of RSoft Photonics CAD package, at first L1, L3 and L5 NCs in a semiconductor slab have been simulated in a hexagonal lattice of air-holes (radius r) with lattice constant a=270 nm and constant fill factor (r/a=0.29). Then, with radius reduction of the two ends air-holes (TEA-H), different confinement characteristics of photonic modes such as: numbers of confined modes, wavelengths, quality factors and two dimensional field profiles have been investigated. Calculations have shown that when radius of (TEA-H) in the linear NCs with n missing air-holes in a line, Ln, reaches to nearly zero value, transition in the structure to the L(n+2) NCs, with roughly different qualities has been observed. Also, improvement in the quality factors of higher-order modes will be achieved. Understanding of the higher-order modes and two dimensional field profiles of the confined photonic modes are useful for the design of more efficient nano-lasers and observation of the cavity QED effects.},
 year = {2013}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Air-Holes Radius Change Effects and Structure Transitions in the Linear Photonic Crystal Nanocavities
AU  - Ahmadreza Daraei
AU  - Foroogh Khozeymeh Sarbisheh
Y1  - 2013/06/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11
T2  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
JF  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
JO  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
SP  - 11
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8494
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20130103.11
AB  - The strong localization of electromagnetic modes in high-Q/Vm (quality factor/modal volume) photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities (NCs) makes them strong candidates for enhanced optical nonlinear effects, such as cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) phenomena. These applications require precise control of cavity resonances mode. The cavity resonance is strongly depending on the lattice constant, a, and the air-hole radius, r, of photonic crystals. Slight modifications in the geometries of the photonic crystals will result in large differences in the dispersion characteristics. In this paper, by using BandSOLVE and FullWAVE software of RSoft Photonics CAD package, at first L1, L3 and L5 NCs in a semiconductor slab have been simulated in a hexagonal lattice of air-holes (radius r) with lattice constant a=270 nm and constant fill factor (r/a=0.29). Then, with radius reduction of the two ends air-holes (TEA-H), different confinement characteristics of photonic modes such as: numbers of confined modes, wavelengths, quality factors and two dimensional field profiles have been investigated. Calculations have shown that when radius of (TEA-H) in the linear NCs with n missing air-holes in a line, Ln, reaches to nearly zero value, transition in the structure to the L(n+2) NCs, with roughly different qualities has been observed. Also, improvement in the quality factors of higher-order modes will be achieved. Understanding of the higher-order modes and two dimensional field profiles of the confined photonic modes are useful for the design of more efficient nano-lasers and observation of the cavity QED effects.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

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