20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications

Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech; Waswa David Wafula; Isoe George Mosoti; Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir; Rtich Kipkoske Samwel; Tim Gibbon Braidwood; Leitch Andrew

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13

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20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications

Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech, Waswa David Wafula, Isoe George Mosoti, Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir, Rtich Kipkoske Samwel, Tim Gibbon Braidwood, Leitch Andrew

Received: 6 August 2019 Accepted: 23 August 2019 Published: 10 September 2019

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Abstract

In the fast growing society, communication is broadening so rapidly such that internet users need to access information rapidly and amount of data flowing through internet is very huge. Various techniques for increasing capacity in data centers have drawn lots of attention in recent years. One way of addressing this demand is introduction of advanced optical modulation formats which has been motivated by the demand for high transmission capacity and better system reliability. In this work, two electrical data streams at bit rate of 10 G bps each were combined to produce 20 G bps multilevel system 4-PAM with four levels. One of the four amplitudes represents a combination of two bits (00, 01, 10, 11) per symbol. This therefore transmits two bits in parallel and therefore the data rate is doubled. The generated data was transmitted over 3.21km G.652 fiber at standard BER of 10-9. This format can be used to simultaneously transmit two bits per symbol per wavelength thereby increasing the overall link transmission speed while maintaining the channel bandwidth. We further demonstrated a digital signal processing assisted receiver to efficiently recover the transmitted signal without employing costly receiver hardware. The ability to use a single photodiode to demodulate the multilevel signal, brings a further reduction in cost on implementing the scheme. This spectral efficient modulation format will achieve even higher data rate per channel when coupled in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system. This will therefore lead to significant cost saving of capital investment and easing the system management and hence an efficient utilization of bandwidth.

DOI	10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13
Published in	American Journal of Optics and Photonics (Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2019)
Page(s)	41-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

4-Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Fiber, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Bit Error Rate

References

[1]	Zhang, H., et al. 30km downstream transmission using 4×25Gb/s 4-PAM modulation with commercial 10Gbps TOSA and ROSA for 100Gb/s-PON. in Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), 2014. 2014. IEEE.
[2]	Zhong, K., et al. 400Gbps PAM-4 Signal Transmission Using a Monolithic Laser Integrated Silicon Photonics Transmitter. in 2019 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC). 2019. IEEE.
[3]	Sun, L., J. Du, and Z. He. Experimental demonstration of 30-Gbit/s 3D-CAP modulation for short reach optical interconnection. in 2016 IEEE Optical Interconnects Conference (OI). 2016. IEEE.
[4]	Xu, X., et al., Advanced modulation formats for 400-Gbps short-reach optical inter-connection. Optics express, 2015. 23 (1): p. 492-500.
[5]	Nakazawa, M., et al., 256-QAM (64 Gb/s) coherent optical transmission over 160 km with an optical bandwidth of 5. 4 GHz. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2010. 22 (3): p. 185-187.
[6]	Koizumi, Y., et al., 1024 QAM (60Gbit/s) single-carrier coherent optical transmission over 150 km. Optics express, 2012. 20 (11): p. 12508-12514.
[7]	Rodes, R., et al., High-speed 1550 nm VCSEL data transmission link employing 25GBd 4-PAM modulation and hard decision forward error correction. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2012. 31 (4): p. 689-695.
[8]	Xiong, C., et al., Monolithic 56 Gb/s silicon photonic pulse-amplitude modulation transmitter. Optica, 2016. 3 (10): p. 1060-1065.
[9]	Isoe, G., et al., 60Gbps 4-PAM VCSEL-based Raman assisted hyper-scale data centre: In context of spectral efficiency and reach extension. Optics Communications, 2018. 428: p. 164-168.
[10]	Hu, Q., et al. 84GBd Faster-Than-Nyquist PAM-4 Transmission Using Only Linear Equalizer at Receiver. in Optical Fiber Communication Conference. 2019. Optical Society of America.
[11]	Ivaniga, T. and P. Ivaniga, Evaluation of the bit error rate and Q-factor in optical networks. IOSR J Electron Commun Eng, 2014. 9 (6): p. 01-03.
[12]	Chagnon, M., et al., Experimental study of 112 Gb/s short reach transmission employing PAM formats and SiP intensity modulator at 1. 3μm. Optics express, 2014. 22 (17): p. 21018-21036.
[13]	Ratio, O. S.-t.-N., the Q-factor in Fiber-Optic Communication Systems. Maxim application note HFAN, 2008. 9 (2).
[14]	Isoe, G., et al., A high capacity data centre network: simultaneous 4-PAM data at 20Gbps and 2 GHz phase modulated RF clock signal over a single VCSEL carrier. Journal of Modern Optics, 2017. 64 (21): p. 2336-2344.
[15]	Isoe, G., et al., Capacity upgrade in short-reach optical fibre networks: simultaneous 4-PAM 20Gbps data and polarization-modulated PPS clock signal using a single VCSEL carrier. Journal of Modern Optics, 2017. 64 (20): p. 2245-2254.

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Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech, Waswa David Wafula, Isoe George Mosoti, Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir, Rtich Kipkoske Samwel, et al. (2019). 20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 7(2), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13

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ACS Style

Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech; Waswa David Wafula; Isoe George Mosoti; Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir; Rtich Kipkoske Samwel, et al. 20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications. Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2019, 7(2), 41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13

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AMA Style

Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech, Waswa David Wafula, Isoe George Mosoti, Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir, Rtich Kipkoske Samwel, et al. 20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications. Am J Opt Photonics. 2019;7(2):41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13,
  author = {Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech and Waswa David Wafula and Isoe George Mosoti and Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir and Rtich Kipkoske Samwel and Tim Gibbon Braidwood and Leitch Andrew},
  title = {20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications},
  journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20190702.13},
  abstract = {In the fast growing society, communication is broadening so rapidly such that internet users need to access information rapidly and amount of data flowing through internet is very huge. Various techniques for increasing capacity in data centers have drawn lots of attention in recent years. One way of addressing this demand is introduction of advanced optical modulation formats which has been motivated by the demand for high transmission capacity and better system reliability. In this work, two electrical data streams at bit rate of 10 G bps each were combined to produce 20 G bps multilevel system 4-PAM with four levels. One of the four amplitudes represents a combination of two bits (00, 01, 10, 11) per symbol. This therefore transmits two bits in parallel and therefore the data rate is doubled. The generated data was transmitted over 3.21km G.652 fiber at standard BER of 10-9. This format can be used to simultaneously transmit two bits per symbol per wavelength thereby increasing the overall link transmission speed while maintaining the channel bandwidth. We further demonstrated a digital signal processing assisted receiver to efficiently recover the transmitted signal without employing costly receiver hardware. The ability to use a single photodiode to demodulate the multilevel signal, brings a further reduction in cost on implementing the scheme. This spectral efficient modulation format will achieve even higher data rate per channel when coupled in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system. This will therefore lead to significant cost saving of capital investment and easing the system management and hence an efficient utilization of bandwidth.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - 20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications
AU - Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech
AU - Waswa David Wafula
AU - Isoe George Mosoti
AU - Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir
AU - Rtich Kipkoske Samwel
AU - Tim Gibbon Braidwood
AU - Leitch Andrew
Y1 - 2019/09/10
PY - 2019
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13
T2 - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
JF - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
JO - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
SP - 41
EP - 45
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8494
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13
AB - In the fast growing society, communication is broadening so rapidly such that internet users need to access information rapidly and amount of data flowing through internet is very huge. Various techniques for increasing capacity in data centers have drawn lots of attention in recent years. One way of addressing this demand is introduction of advanced optical modulation formats which has been motivated by the demand for high transmission capacity and better system reliability. In this work, two electrical data streams at bit rate of 10 G bps each were combined to produce 20 G bps multilevel system 4-PAM with four levels. One of the four amplitudes represents a combination of two bits (00, 01, 10, 11) per symbol. This therefore transmits two bits in parallel and therefore the data rate is doubled. The generated data was transmitted over 3.21km G.652 fiber at standard BER of 10-9. This format can be used to simultaneously transmit two bits per symbol per wavelength thereby increasing the overall link transmission speed while maintaining the channel bandwidth. We further demonstrated a digital signal processing assisted receiver to efficiently recover the transmitted signal without employing costly receiver hardware. The ability to use a single photodiode to demodulate the multilevel signal, brings a further reduction in cost on implementing the scheme. This spectral efficient modulation format will achieve even higher data rate per channel when coupled in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system. This will therefore lead to significant cost saving of capital investment and easing the system management and hence an efficient utilization of bandwidth.
VL - 7
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech

Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Waswa David Wafula

Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Isoe George Mosoti

Centre for Broadband Communication, Nelson Mandela University, Port-Elizabeth, South Africa
Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir

Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Rtich Kipkoske Samwel

Department of Physics, School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
Tim Gibbon Braidwood

Centre for Broadband Communication, Nelson Mandela University, Port-Elizabeth, South Africa
Leitch Andrew

Centre for Broadband Communication, Nelson Mandela University, Port-Elizabeth, South Africa

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech, Waswa David Wafula, Isoe George Mosoti, Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir, Rtich Kipkoske Samwel, et al. (2019). 20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 7(2), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13

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ACS Style

Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech; Waswa David Wafula; Isoe George Mosoti; Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir; Rtich Kipkoske Samwel, et al. 20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications. Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2019, 7(2), 41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13

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AMA Style

Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech, Waswa David Wafula, Isoe George Mosoti, Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir, Rtich Kipkoske Samwel, et al. 20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications. Am J Opt Photonics. 2019;7(2):41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13,
  author = {Yegon Geoffrey Kipkoech and Waswa David Wafula and Isoe George Mosoti and Arusei Geoffrey Kipkorir and Rtich Kipkoske Samwel and Tim Gibbon Braidwood and Leitch Andrew},
  title = {20 G bps Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Format for Capacity Upgrade in Optical Communications},
  journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190702.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20190702.13},
  abstract = {In the fast growing society, communication is broadening so rapidly such that internet users need to access information rapidly and amount of data flowing through internet is very huge. Various techniques for increasing capacity in data centers have drawn lots of attention in recent years. One way of addressing this demand is introduction of advanced optical modulation formats which has been motivated by the demand for high transmission capacity and better system reliability. In this work, two electrical data streams at bit rate of 10 G bps each were combined to produce 20 G bps multilevel system 4-PAM with four levels. One of the four amplitudes represents a combination of two bits (00, 01, 10, 11) per symbol. This therefore transmits two bits in parallel and therefore the data rate is doubled. The generated data was transmitted over 3.21km G.652 fiber at standard BER of 10-9. This format can be used to simultaneously transmit two bits per symbol per wavelength thereby increasing the overall link transmission speed while maintaining the channel bandwidth. We further demonstrated a digital signal processing assisted receiver to efficiently recover the transmitted signal without employing costly receiver hardware. The ability to use a single photodiode to demodulate the multilevel signal, brings a further reduction in cost on implementing the scheme. This spectral efficient modulation format will achieve even higher data rate per channel when coupled in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system. This will therefore lead to significant cost saving of capital investment and easing the system management and hence an efficient utilization of bandwidth.},
 year = {2019}
}

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