American Journal of Optics and Photonics

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Design of a Cascaded Black – Linear Distribution (CBLD) in Circular Aperture and Its Application on Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM)

Received: 15 July 2019    Accepted: 12 August 2019    Published: 09 October 2019
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Abstract

A new model of Cascaded Black – Linear Distribution (CBLD) in circular aperture is suggested. Four different models of CBLD are studied. In the 1st model, ten strips are considered where half of them are black and the other half has linear distribution, starting with black strip from the center of the circular aperture. In the 2nd model, twenty strips are considered of equal black and linear zones. In the 3rd model, a ratio of 2:1 is given for the twenty strips of the CBLD. In the 4th model, annular aperture of linear distribution is considered. We have computed the Point Spread Function (PSF) corresponding to all arrangements and compared with the corresponding PSF for different apertures of circular, annular, and black and white (B/W) transparent circular apertures. The cut-off spatial frequency which is the indication of resolution is investigated in all the described apertures. The Coherent Transfer Function (CTF) using the CBLD apertures is computed. Application of the CBLD arrangement corresponding to the objective and collector lenses in the CLSM using microscopic input images is shown. The reconstructed images using the described models in the CLSM are investigated. A Mat-Lab code is used for the computation of all images.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.11
Published in American Journal of Optics and Photonics (Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2019)
Page(s) 46-56
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Modulated Apertures, Resolution, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM)

References
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[9] Levi, L., and Austing, R. H., 1968, Appl. Optics, 7, 967, Determination of Equivalent Pass band of an aberration free lens using numerical methods.
[10] Cox, I. J., and Sheppard, C. J. R., 1986, J. opt. Soc. Am., 3, 1152-1158, Information capacity and resolution in an optical system.
[11] Egger, M. D., and Petran, M., 1967, Science, N. Y., 157, 305-307, New reflected-light microscope for viewing unstained brain and ganglion cells.
[12] Sheppard, C. J. R., and Wilson, T., 1981, J. Microsc., 124, 107, The theory of the direct‐view confocal microscope.
[13] Sheppard, C. J. R., and Hamilton, D. K., 1984, Optica Acta, 31, 723.-727, Edge Enhancement by Defocusing of Confocal Images.
[14] Wilson, T.; Carlini, A. R. J. Microscopy 1988, 149, 51 –66, The effect of aberrations on the axial response of confocal imaging systems.
[15] Springer, K. R.; Fellers, T. J.; Davidson, M. W. Olympus Corporation; Florida State University: Tallahassee, FL, 2004.
[16] Cox, G.; Sheppard, C. R. J. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2004, 63, 18–22, Practical limits of resolution in confocal and non‐linear microscopy.
[17] Sheppard, C. J. R.; Shotton, D. M. Image Formation in the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope; Springer-Verlag, New York Inc.: New York, 1997, pp. 15–31.
[18] Clair, J. J. & Hamed, A. M. (1983) 133-141, Theoretical studies on optical coherent microscopes. Optik 64 (2) 133-141.
[19] Hamed, A. M. and Clair, J. J. Optik 64 (1983) 277-284, Image and super-resolution in optical coherent microscopes.
[20] Hamed, A. M. and Clair, J. J. Optik 65 (1983) 209-218, Studies on optical properties of confocal scanning optical microscope using pupils with radially transmission distribution.
[21] Hamed, Opt. and laser technology 16 (1984) 93-96, Resolution and contrast in confocal optical scanning microscope.
[22] Sheppard, C. J. R., 1988, J. mod. Optics, 35, 145.
[23] Hamed, A. M. Precision Instrument and Mech. PIM 3 (2014) 144-152, Study of graded index and truncated apertures using speckle images.
[24] Hamed, A. M. and Al-Saeed, T. A. J. Modern Opt. 62 (2015) 801-810, Image analysis of modified Hamming aperture: application on confocal microscopy and holography.
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Author Information
  • Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

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    Abdallah Mohamed Hamed. (2019). Design of a Cascaded Black – Linear Distribution (CBLD) in Circular Aperture and Its Application on Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 7(3), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.11

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    ACS Style

    Abdallah Mohamed Hamed. Design of a Cascaded Black – Linear Distribution (CBLD) in Circular Aperture and Its Application on Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2019, 7(3), 46-56. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.11

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    AMA Style

    Abdallah Mohamed Hamed. Design of a Cascaded Black – Linear Distribution (CBLD) in Circular Aperture and Its Application on Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). Am J Opt Photonics. 2019;7(3):46-56. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.11,
      author = {Abdallah Mohamed Hamed},
      title = {Design of a Cascaded Black – Linear Distribution (CBLD) in Circular Aperture and Its Application on Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM)},
      journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {46-56},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20190703.11},
      abstract = {A new model of Cascaded Black – Linear Distribution (CBLD) in circular aperture is suggested. Four different models of CBLD are studied. In the 1st model, ten strips are considered where half of them are black and the other half has linear distribution, starting with black strip from the center of the circular aperture. In the 2nd model, twenty strips are considered of equal black and linear zones. In the 3rd model, a ratio of 2:1 is given for the twenty strips of the CBLD. In the 4th model, annular aperture of linear distribution is considered. We have computed the Point Spread Function (PSF) corresponding to all arrangements and compared with the corresponding PSF for different apertures of circular, annular, and black and white (B/W) transparent circular apertures. The cut-off spatial frequency which is the indication of resolution is investigated in all the described apertures. The Coherent Transfer Function (CTF) using the CBLD apertures is computed. Application of the CBLD arrangement corresponding to the objective and collector lenses in the CLSM using microscopic input images is shown. The reconstructed images using the described models in the CLSM are investigated. A Mat-Lab code is used for the computation of all images.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    T1  - Design of a Cascaded Black – Linear Distribution (CBLD) in Circular Aperture and Its Application on Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM)
    AU  - Abdallah Mohamed Hamed
    Y1  - 2019/10/09
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.11
    T2  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    JF  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    JO  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    EP  - 56
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8494
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.11
    AB  - A new model of Cascaded Black – Linear Distribution (CBLD) in circular aperture is suggested. Four different models of CBLD are studied. In the 1st model, ten strips are considered where half of them are black and the other half has linear distribution, starting with black strip from the center of the circular aperture. In the 2nd model, twenty strips are considered of equal black and linear zones. In the 3rd model, a ratio of 2:1 is given for the twenty strips of the CBLD. In the 4th model, annular aperture of linear distribution is considered. We have computed the Point Spread Function (PSF) corresponding to all arrangements and compared with the corresponding PSF for different apertures of circular, annular, and black and white (B/W) transparent circular apertures. The cut-off spatial frequency which is the indication of resolution is investigated in all the described apertures. The Coherent Transfer Function (CTF) using the CBLD apertures is computed. Application of the CBLD arrangement corresponding to the objective and collector lenses in the CLSM using microscopic input images is shown. The reconstructed images using the described models in the CLSM are investigated. A Mat-Lab code is used for the computation of all images.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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