Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin

Mahmoud Ahmad; Ahmed Abou El-Maaref; Essam Abdel-Wahab; Sami Allam

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14

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Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin

Mahmoud Ahmad, Ahmed Abou El-Maaref, Essam Abdel-Wahab, Sami Allam

Published in American Journal of Optics and Photonics (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 11 July 2015 Accepted: 22 July 2015 Published: 30 July 2015

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Abstract

Excitation energies and transition probabilities for the 1s22s22p63s23p63d10, and the 1s22s22p63s23p63d94l (l= s, p, d, and f) configurations in nickel-like tin have been used to calculate the reduced population of 99 fine structure levels over a wide range of electron densities and at different electron plasma temperatures. The gain coefficients for those transitions with positive population inversion factors have been calculated as a function of electron density. This study is concerned with the transitions which produce positive gain at XUV and X-ray spectral regions.

Published in	American Journal of Optics and Photonics (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14
Page(s)	17-23
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ni-Like Sn, Population Inversion, Laser Gain, X-Ray, XUV

References

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APA Style

Mahmoud Ahmad, Ahmed Abou El-Maaref, Essam Abdel-Wahab, Sami Allam. (2015). Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 3(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14

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ACS Style

Mahmoud Ahmad; Ahmed Abou El-Maaref; Essam Abdel-Wahab; Sami Allam. Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin. Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2015, 3(1), 17-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14

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AMA Style

Mahmoud Ahmad, Ahmed Abou El-Maaref, Essam Abdel-Wahab, Sami Allam. Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin. Am J Opt Photonics. 2015;3(1):17-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14,
  author = {Mahmoud Ahmad and Ahmed Abou El-Maaref and Essam Abdel-Wahab and Sami Allam},
  title = {Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin},
  journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-23},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20150301.14},
  abstract = {Excitation energies and transition probabilities for the 1s22s22p63s23p63d10, and the 1s22s22p63s23p63d94l (l= s, p, d, and f) configurations in nickel-like tin have been used to calculate the reduced population of  99 fine structure levels over a wide range of electron densities and at different electron plasma temperatures. The gain coefficients for those transitions with positive population inversion factors have been calculated as a function of electron density. This study is concerned with the transitions which produce positive gain at XUV and X-ray spectral regions.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin
AU  - Mahmoud Ahmad
AU  - Ahmed Abou El-Maaref
AU  - Essam Abdel-Wahab
AU  - Sami Allam
Y1  - 2015/07/30
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14
T2  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
JF  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
JO  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
SP  - 17
EP  - 23
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8494
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14
AB  - Excitation energies and transition probabilities for the 1s22s22p63s23p63d10, and the 1s22s22p63s23p63d94l (l= s, p, d, and f) configurations in nickel-like tin have been used to calculate the reduced population of  99 fine structure levels over a wide range of electron densities and at different electron plasma temperatures. The gain coefficients for those transitions with positive population inversion factors have been calculated as a function of electron density. This study is concerned with the transitions which produce positive gain at XUV and X-ray spectral regions.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Mahmoud Ahmad

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt; Physics Department, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Zulfi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Abou El-Maaref

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
Essam Abdel-Wahab

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
Sami Allam

Laboratory of Lasers and New Materials, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mahmoud Ahmad, Ahmed Abou El-Maaref, Essam Abdel-Wahab, Sami Allam. (2015). Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 3(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14

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ACS Style

Mahmoud Ahmad; Ahmed Abou El-Maaref; Essam Abdel-Wahab; Sami Allam. Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin. Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2015, 3(1), 17-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14

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AMA Style

Mahmoud Ahmad, Ahmed Abou El-Maaref, Essam Abdel-Wahab, Sami Allam. Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin. Am J Opt Photonics. 2015;3(1):17-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14,
  author = {Mahmoud Ahmad and Ahmed Abou El-Maaref and Essam Abdel-Wahab and Sami Allam},
  title = {Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin},
  journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-23},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20150301.14},
  abstract = {Excitation energies and transition probabilities for the 1s22s22p63s23p63d10, and the 1s22s22p63s23p63d94l (l= s, p, d, and f) configurations in nickel-like tin have been used to calculate the reduced population of  99 fine structure levels over a wide range of electron densities and at different electron plasma temperatures. The gain coefficients for those transitions with positive population inversion factors have been calculated as a function of electron density. This study is concerned with the transitions which produce positive gain at XUV and X-ray spectral regions.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin
AU  - Mahmoud Ahmad
AU  - Ahmed Abou El-Maaref
AU  - Essam Abdel-Wahab
AU  - Sami Allam
Y1  - 2015/07/30
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14
T2  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
JF  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
JO  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
SP  - 17
EP  - 23
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8494
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20150301.14
AB  - Excitation energies and transition probabilities for the 1s22s22p63s23p63d10, and the 1s22s22p63s23p63d94l (l= s, p, d, and f) configurations in nickel-like tin have been used to calculate the reduced population of  99 fine structure levels over a wide range of electron densities and at different electron plasma temperatures. The gain coefficients for those transitions with positive population inversion factors have been calculated as a function of electron density. This study is concerned with the transitions which produce positive gain at XUV and X-ray spectral regions.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download