Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model

Mends-Brew Edwin; Fletcher Afenyi Ernest

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12

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Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model

Mends-Brew Edwin, Fletcher Afenyi Ernest

Published in Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 12 February 2016 Accepted: 24 February 2016 Published: 6 March 2016

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Abstract

Malaria remains one of the most important public health concerns across the globe. In 2012 alone, the World Health Organization reported an estimated 207 million cases and associated death of about 670,000 with majority of cases coming from Africa. There have been tremendous efforts at controlling malaria and its related mortality. The two main interventions recommended by the World Health Organization for malaria control and prevention are, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and the use of Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs). On a limited scope, studies conducted within some communities and limited geographical areas have shown the effectiveness of IRS in reducing the prevalence of the disease. However, not many such studies have looked at the impact of IRS on the prevalence of malaria at the universal level. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of Indoor Residual Spraying on the prevalence of malaria in West Africa by accounting for the effects of alternative malaria prevention strategies, economic, demographic and funding availability for malaria prevention and control. A panel data for fifteen West African countries from 2008 to 2012 was analyzed. The results showed that for years in which Indoor Residual Spraying was implemented, prevalence of malaria reduced by 71% compared to periods preceding the implementation of Indoor Residual Spraying. This paper further established that ITN coverage, funding availability for Malaria intervention and gross domestic product have a significant negative impact on the prevalence of Malaria while population and the combination of Indoor Residual Spraying and ITN have a significant positive impact on the prevalence of the disease. Indoor Residual Spraying and its impact on the prevalence of Malaria were observed to be higher than the impact of ITN coverage on the prevalence of the disease. These findings are relevant for policy direction regarding the continuance of Indoor Residual Spraying implementation especially in the post 2015 agenda for malaria control and prevention.

Published in	Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12
Page(s)	12-20
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Malaria, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN), Prevalence Rate, Panel Data Regression

References

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[3]	Fullman, N., Burstein, R., Lim, S. S., Medlin, C., & Gakidou, E. (2013). Nets, Spray or Both? The Effectiveness of Insecticide-Treated Nets and Indoor Residual Spraying in Reducing Malaria Morbidity and Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria Journal, 12 (62).
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[9]	Katchova, A. (2013). Panel Data Models. (A. Katchova, Producer) Retrieved August 2014, from Econometrics Academy: https://sites.google.com/site/econometricsacademy/econometrics-models/panel-data-models
[10]	Kim, D., Fedak, K., & Kramer, R. (2012). Reduction of Malaria Prevalence by Indoor Residual Spraying: A Meta-Regression Analysis. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87 (1), 117-124.
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[17]	West, P. A., Protopopoff, N., Wright, A., Kivaju, Z., Tigererwa, R., Mosha, F. W., et al. (2014). Indoor Residual Spraying in Combination with Insecticide-Treated Nets Compared to Insecticide-Treated Nets Alone for Protection against Malaria: A Cluster Randomised Trial in Tanzania. PLoS Med, 11 (4).
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APA Style

Mends-Brew Edwin, Fletcher Afenyi Ernest. (2016). Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model. Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(1), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12

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ACS Style

Mends-Brew Edwin; Fletcher Afenyi Ernest. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model. Sci. J. Appl. Math. Stat. 2016, 4(1), 12-20. doi: 10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12

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AMA Style

Mends-Brew Edwin, Fletcher Afenyi Ernest. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model. Sci J Appl Math Stat. 2016;4(1):12-20. doi: 10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12,
  author = {Mends-Brew Edwin and Fletcher Afenyi Ernest},
  title = {Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model},
  journal = {Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjams.20160401.12},
  abstract = {Malaria remains one of the most important public health concerns across the globe. In 2012 alone, the World Health Organization reported an estimated 207 million cases and associated death of about 670,000 with majority of cases coming from Africa. There have been tremendous efforts at controlling malaria and its related mortality. The two main interventions recommended by the World Health Organization for malaria control and prevention are, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and the use of Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs). On a limited scope, studies conducted within some communities and limited geographical areas have shown the effectiveness of IRS in reducing the prevalence of the disease. However, not many such studies have looked at the impact of IRS on the prevalence of malaria at the universal level. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of Indoor Residual Spraying on the prevalence of malaria in West Africa by accounting for the effects of alternative malaria prevention strategies, economic, demographic and funding availability for malaria prevention and control. A panel data for fifteen West African countries from 2008 to 2012 was analyzed. The results showed that for years in which Indoor Residual Spraying was implemented, prevalence of malaria reduced by 71% compared to periods preceding the implementation of Indoor Residual Spraying. This paper further established that ITN coverage, funding availability for Malaria intervention and gross domestic product have a significant negative impact on the prevalence of Malaria while population and the combination of Indoor Residual Spraying and ITN have a significant positive impact on the prevalence of the disease. Indoor Residual Spraying and its impact on the prevalence of Malaria were observed to be higher than the impact of ITN coverage on the prevalence of the disease. These findings are relevant for policy direction regarding the continuance of Indoor Residual Spraying implementation especially in the post 2015 agenda for malaria control and prevention.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model
AU  - Mends-Brew Edwin
AU  - Fletcher Afenyi Ernest
Y1  - 2016/03/06
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12
T2  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
JF  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
JO  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
SP  - 12
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-9513
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12
AB  - Malaria remains one of the most important public health concerns across the globe. In 2012 alone, the World Health Organization reported an estimated 207 million cases and associated death of about 670,000 with majority of cases coming from Africa. There have been tremendous efforts at controlling malaria and its related mortality. The two main interventions recommended by the World Health Organization for malaria control and prevention are, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and the use of Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs). On a limited scope, studies conducted within some communities and limited geographical areas have shown the effectiveness of IRS in reducing the prevalence of the disease. However, not many such studies have looked at the impact of IRS on the prevalence of malaria at the universal level. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of Indoor Residual Spraying on the prevalence of malaria in West Africa by accounting for the effects of alternative malaria prevention strategies, economic, demographic and funding availability for malaria prevention and control. A panel data for fifteen West African countries from 2008 to 2012 was analyzed. The results showed that for years in which Indoor Residual Spraying was implemented, prevalence of malaria reduced by 71% compared to periods preceding the implementation of Indoor Residual Spraying. This paper further established that ITN coverage, funding availability for Malaria intervention and gross domestic product have a significant negative impact on the prevalence of Malaria while population and the combination of Indoor Residual Spraying and ITN have a significant positive impact on the prevalence of the disease. Indoor Residual Spraying and its impact on the prevalence of Malaria were observed to be higher than the impact of ITN coverage on the prevalence of the disease. These findings are relevant for policy direction regarding the continuance of Indoor Residual Spraying implementation especially in the post 2015 agenda for malaria control and prevention.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
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Author Information

Mends-Brew Edwin

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Accra Polytechnic, Accra, Ghana
Fletcher Afenyi Ernest

Ghana AIRS Project, Accra, Ghana

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APA Style

Mends-Brew Edwin, Fletcher Afenyi Ernest. (2016). Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model. Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(1), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12

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ACS Style

Mends-Brew Edwin; Fletcher Afenyi Ernest. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model. Sci. J. Appl. Math. Stat. 2016, 4(1), 12-20. doi: 10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12

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AMA Style

Mends-Brew Edwin, Fletcher Afenyi Ernest. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model. Sci J Appl Math Stat. 2016;4(1):12-20. doi: 10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12,
  author = {Mends-Brew Edwin and Fletcher Afenyi Ernest},
  title = {Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model},
  journal = {Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjams.20160401.12},
  abstract = {Malaria remains one of the most important public health concerns across the globe. In 2012 alone, the World Health Organization reported an estimated 207 million cases and associated death of about 670,000 with majority of cases coming from Africa. There have been tremendous efforts at controlling malaria and its related mortality. The two main interventions recommended by the World Health Organization for malaria control and prevention are, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and the use of Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs). On a limited scope, studies conducted within some communities and limited geographical areas have shown the effectiveness of IRS in reducing the prevalence of the disease. However, not many such studies have looked at the impact of IRS on the prevalence of malaria at the universal level. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of Indoor Residual Spraying on the prevalence of malaria in West Africa by accounting for the effects of alternative malaria prevention strategies, economic, demographic and funding availability for malaria prevention and control. A panel data for fifteen West African countries from 2008 to 2012 was analyzed. The results showed that for years in which Indoor Residual Spraying was implemented, prevalence of malaria reduced by 71% compared to periods preceding the implementation of Indoor Residual Spraying. This paper further established that ITN coverage, funding availability for Malaria intervention and gross domestic product have a significant negative impact on the prevalence of Malaria while population and the combination of Indoor Residual Spraying and ITN have a significant positive impact on the prevalence of the disease. Indoor Residual Spraying and its impact on the prevalence of Malaria were observed to be higher than the impact of ITN coverage on the prevalence of the disease. These findings are relevant for policy direction regarding the continuance of Indoor Residual Spraying implementation especially in the post 2015 agenda for malaria control and prevention.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Its Impact on Malaria Prevalence in West Africa Using the Panel Data Regression Model
AU  - Mends-Brew Edwin
AU  - Fletcher Afenyi Ernest
Y1  - 2016/03/06
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12
T2  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
JF  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
JO  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
SP  - 12
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-9513
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20160401.12
AB  - Malaria remains one of the most important public health concerns across the globe. In 2012 alone, the World Health Organization reported an estimated 207 million cases and associated death of about 670,000 with majority of cases coming from Africa. There have been tremendous efforts at controlling malaria and its related mortality. The two main interventions recommended by the World Health Organization for malaria control and prevention are, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and the use of Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs). On a limited scope, studies conducted within some communities and limited geographical areas have shown the effectiveness of IRS in reducing the prevalence of the disease. However, not many such studies have looked at the impact of IRS on the prevalence of malaria at the universal level. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of Indoor Residual Spraying on the prevalence of malaria in West Africa by accounting for the effects of alternative malaria prevention strategies, economic, demographic and funding availability for malaria prevention and control. A panel data for fifteen West African countries from 2008 to 2012 was analyzed. The results showed that for years in which Indoor Residual Spraying was implemented, prevalence of malaria reduced by 71% compared to periods preceding the implementation of Indoor Residual Spraying. This paper further established that ITN coverage, funding availability for Malaria intervention and gross domestic product have a significant negative impact on the prevalence of Malaria while population and the combination of Indoor Residual Spraying and ITN have a significant positive impact on the prevalence of the disease. Indoor Residual Spraying and its impact on the prevalence of Malaria were observed to be higher than the impact of ITN coverage on the prevalence of the disease. These findings are relevant for policy direction regarding the continuance of Indoor Residual Spraying implementation especially in the post 2015 agenda for malaria control and prevention.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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