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Assessment of Stoke Patients: Occurrence of Unusually High Number of Haemorrhagic Stroke Casesin Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Received: 10 August 2013    Accepted:     Published: 20 September 2013
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Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is becoming a leading cause of death and adult disability in the developing world. The global burden of disease study indicates that 80% of stroke deaths occur in low- and middle-income regions. Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics and risk factors among patients presented with stoke in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and patients: This is a prospective cross sectional survey of all patients with stroke presenting to Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital for consecutive six months (November 2012-April 2013). The data included 114 stroke patients. Data of these patients was collected by an emergency medicine physician through a pre-designed questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed by a computer software SPSS version 20. Monovariate analysis, bivariate analysis and multivariate analyses to control for confounder variables were done. CI which doesn’t contain 1 is significant. Result: Out of the total patients seen, 63 (55%) were females with females to males ratio of 1.23 to 1.One quarter of patients (25%) were below 34 years of age followed by age greater than 65 and 55-64 years with 21% and 23.6% score respectively. The major risk factors identified were hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with 69.3 % and 14.9% respectively. Nine (7.8 %) were found to be both hypertensive and diabetic. Atrial fibrillation is the third risk factor associated with stoke with a frequency of 11.4%. More than half of our patients (55.3%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Majority of the patients presented with sever neurological manifestations; hemiplegic deficit by 67 (58.8%), asphyxia by 16% and coma by 15.8 %of patients. Only 46 (40.4%) were on treatment and 7% of patients presented within the first three (golden) hours of onset of their illness; the majority of patients (41.2%) presented after 48 hrs. of onset of their symptoms. Those patients who presented with hemorrhagic stroke were 2.8 times (AOR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-7.7) to be presented with hemiplegic deficit as compared to those patients with ischemic stroke. Conclusion and recommendation: Stroke happened more frequently in women than in men and the risks associated with increased age were not evident. The major risk factors identified were high blood pressure and diabetes and atrial fibrillation. Hemorrhagic stroke associated with sever neurological presentations were the most prevalent stroke sub-types. Education of the public on active screening and prompt treatment and sign and symptoms of stroke together with improving the quality of stroke management are very crucial

DOI 10.11648/j.cmr.20130205.11
Published in Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2013)
Page(s) 94-100
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Stroke, Hemiplegic Stoke, Risk Factors

References
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[2] Reda T, Neurological disorders, Etiology of health and Disease in Ethiopi1992;West view pres PP 483-492
[3] Gebrehaymanot A, Jamal A, CVA in Ethiopians, 1981; a review of cases.
[4] MekonnenA,RedaT. CVA in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal;1990,28:53
[5] Al¬bers GW, Coplan LR, Easton JD, Fayed PB, Mohr JP, Saver JL et al. Transient ischemic attack protocol for a new definition. N Engl J Med 2002; 5: 531-8.
[6] Anderson NE, Broad JB, Bonite R. Delays in hospital admission and investigation in acute stroke. BMJ 1995; 311: 162.
[7] American Heart ¬Association (1994) Guidelines for the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Circulation 1994; 90: 1588-01.
[8] National Institute of Neurological Disorder and stroke rTPA stroke study group. Tissue Plasminogen activator for acute Ischaemic stroke. New Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1581-7.
[9] Steinner T, Bluhmki E, Kaste M, Toni D, Trouillas P, Von Kummer R et al. The ECASS 3-hour cohort. Secondary analysis of ECASS data by time stratifications. ECASS study group. European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study.Cerebrovascular diseases 1998; 8: 198-203.
[10] Word Health Organization. Stroke 1989. Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders. Stroke 1989; 20: 1407-1431.
[11] Faiza A. Qari, FRCP, ADIM.,Profile of stroke in a teaching universityhospital in the western regionSaudi Medical Journal 2000; Vol. 21 (11): 1030-1033)
[12] AL-Oraibi, Saleh. Demographic characteristics of stroke patients in developing countries: Example from Jordanian government hospitals; Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology Vol. 4(5), pp. 110-116, May 2012)
[13] ShaikhSamiullah, Mona Humaira, GhaniHanif, Aslam Aziz Ghouri, Khalid Shaikh.Etiological patterns of stroke in young patients ata tertiary care hospital, JPMA 60:201; 2010)
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[17] El Zein, Bukhari EA, Stroke in CT scan department of Khartoum Hospital, Sudan.
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[20] Barnes ME, Miyasaka Y, Seward JB, et al. Left atrial volume in the prediction of first ischemic stroke in an elderly cohort without atrial fibrillation. Mayo ClinProc 2004; 79:1008.
[21] Witt BJ, Brown RD Jr, Jacobsen SJ, et al. A community-based study of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 2005; 143:785.
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Author Information
  • Clinical Trial Department, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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    Chalachew Misganaw Alemayehu, Sofia Kebede Birhanesilasie. (2013). Assessment of Stoke Patients: Occurrence of Unusually High Number of Haemorrhagic Stroke Casesin Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Clinical Medicine Research, 2(5), 94-100. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20130205.11

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    Chalachew Misganaw Alemayehu; Sofia Kebede Birhanesilasie. Assessment of Stoke Patients: Occurrence of Unusually High Number of Haemorrhagic Stroke Casesin Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Clin. Med. Res. 2013, 2(5), 94-100. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20130205.11

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    AMA Style

    Chalachew Misganaw Alemayehu, Sofia Kebede Birhanesilasie. Assessment of Stoke Patients: Occurrence of Unusually High Number of Haemorrhagic Stroke Casesin Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Clin Med Res. 2013;2(5):94-100. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20130205.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cmr.20130205.11,
      author = {Chalachew Misganaw Alemayehu and Sofia Kebede Birhanesilasie},
      title = {Assessment of Stoke Patients: Occurrence of Unusually High Number of Haemorrhagic Stroke Casesin Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia},
      journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
      volume = {2},
      number = {5},
      pages = {94-100},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20130205.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20130205.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20130205.11},
      abstract = {Introduction: Stroke is becoming a leading cause of death and adult disability in the developing world. The global burden of disease study indicates that 80% of stroke deaths occur in low- and middle-income regions. Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics and risk factors among patients presented with stoke in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and patients: This is a prospective cross sectional survey of all patients with stroke presenting to Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital for consecutive six months (November 2012-April 2013). The data included 114 stroke patients. Data of these patients was collected by an emergency medicine physician through a pre-designed questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed by a computer software SPSS version 20. Monovariate analysis, bivariate analysis and multivariate analyses to control for confounder variables were done. CI which doesn’t contain 1 is significant. Result: Out of the total patients seen, 63 (55%) were females with females to males ratio of 1.23 to 1.One quarter of patients (25%) were below 34 years of age followed by age greater than 65 and 55-64 years with 21% and  23.6% score respectively. The major risk factors identified were hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with 69.3 % and 14.9% respectively. Nine (7.8 %) were found to be both hypertensive and diabetic. Atrial fibrillation is the third risk factor associated with stoke with a frequency of 11.4%. More than half of our patients (55.3%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Majority of the patients presented with sever neurological manifestations; hemiplegic deficit by 67 (58.8%), asphyxia by 16% and coma by 15.8 %of patients. Only 46 (40.4%) were on treatment and 7% of patients presented within the first three (golden) hours of onset of their illness; the majority of patients (41.2%) presented after 48 hrs. of onset of their symptoms. Those patients who presented with hemorrhagic stroke were 2.8 times (AOR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-7.7) to be presented with hemiplegic deficit as compared to those patients with ischemic stroke. Conclusion and recommendation: Stroke happened more frequently in women than in men and the risks associated with increased age were not evident. The major risk factors identified were high blood pressure and diabetes and atrial fibrillation. Hemorrhagic stroke associated with sever neurological presentations were the most prevalent stroke sub-types. Education of the public on active screening and prompt treatment and sign and symptoms of stroke together with improving the quality of stroke management are very crucial},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Assessment of Stoke Patients: Occurrence of Unusually High Number of Haemorrhagic Stroke Casesin Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    AU  - Chalachew Misganaw Alemayehu
    AU  - Sofia Kebede Birhanesilasie
    Y1  - 2013/09/20
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20130205.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20130205.11
    T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
    JF  - Clinical Medicine Research
    JO  - Clinical Medicine Research
    SP  - 94
    EP  - 100
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2326-9057
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20130205.11
    AB  - Introduction: Stroke is becoming a leading cause of death and adult disability in the developing world. The global burden of disease study indicates that 80% of stroke deaths occur in low- and middle-income regions. Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics and risk factors among patients presented with stoke in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and patients: This is a prospective cross sectional survey of all patients with stroke presenting to Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital for consecutive six months (November 2012-April 2013). The data included 114 stroke patients. Data of these patients was collected by an emergency medicine physician through a pre-designed questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed by a computer software SPSS version 20. Monovariate analysis, bivariate analysis and multivariate analyses to control for confounder variables were done. CI which doesn’t contain 1 is significant. Result: Out of the total patients seen, 63 (55%) were females with females to males ratio of 1.23 to 1.One quarter of patients (25%) were below 34 years of age followed by age greater than 65 and 55-64 years with 21% and  23.6% score respectively. The major risk factors identified were hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with 69.3 % and 14.9% respectively. Nine (7.8 %) were found to be both hypertensive and diabetic. Atrial fibrillation is the third risk factor associated with stoke with a frequency of 11.4%. More than half of our patients (55.3%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Majority of the patients presented with sever neurological manifestations; hemiplegic deficit by 67 (58.8%), asphyxia by 16% and coma by 15.8 %of patients. Only 46 (40.4%) were on treatment and 7% of patients presented within the first three (golden) hours of onset of their illness; the majority of patients (41.2%) presented after 48 hrs. of onset of their symptoms. Those patients who presented with hemorrhagic stroke were 2.8 times (AOR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-7.7) to be presented with hemiplegic deficit as compared to those patients with ischemic stroke. Conclusion and recommendation: Stroke happened more frequently in women than in men and the risks associated with increased age were not evident. The major risk factors identified were high blood pressure and diabetes and atrial fibrillation. Hemorrhagic stroke associated with sever neurological presentations were the most prevalent stroke sub-types. Education of the public on active screening and prompt treatment and sign and symptoms of stroke together with improving the quality of stroke management are very crucial
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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