Clinical Medicine Research

| Peer-Reviewed |

Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Invading the Larynx and Trachea

Received: 21 September 2013    Accepted:     Published: 30 October 2013
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Larynx and trachea invasion by thyroid cancer is an uncommon but difficult problem. There is no consensus on indication for the extent of surgery, particularly when there is a requirement for airway reconstruction. In general, the surgeon must decide between a complete ablation of the tumor at the cost of large-mutilation and a less radical dissection that leaves residual tumor to be treated with radiation therapy and additional radio-iodine.

DOI 10.11648/j.cmr.20130206.16
Published in Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013)
Page(s) 148-153
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Papillary Carcinoma, Larynx, Trachea, Total Laryngectomy

References
[1] Kebebew E, Clark OH, "Differentiated thyroid cancer: "complete" rational approach", World J Surg, vol. 24, pp. 942-951, 2000.
[2] Caron NR, Clark OH, "Well differentiated thyroid cancer", Scandinavian Journal of Surgery, vol. 93, pp. 261-271, 2004.
[3] Segal K, Abraham A, Levy R, "Carcinomas of the thyroid gland invading larynx and trachea", Clin Otolaryngol vol. 9, pp. 21-25, 1984.
[4] Schlumberger M, Pacini F, "Thyroid tumors", Nucleon, Paris, pp. 40-47, 2003.
[5] Mvouni S, Tombu S, Meurisse M, "Management of an insular thyroid carcinoma invading the larynx and trachea" B-ENT, vol. 2, pp. 17-20, 2006.
[6] Schindel J, "Surgery in malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. A review of 15 years experience with 225 cases", Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, vol. 80, pp. 61-66, 1971.
[7] Shah JP, Loree TR, Dharker D, "Prognostic factors in differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland", Am J Surg, vol. 164(6), pp. 658-61, 1992.
[8] Price DL, Wong RJ, Randolph GW, "Invasive thyroid cancer: management of the trachea and esophagus", Otolaryngol Clin North Am vol. 41(6), pp. 1155-1166, 2008.
[9] Harach HR, Franssila KO, Wasenius VM, "Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: A "normal" finding in Finland", Cancer vol. 56, pp. 531-538, 1985.
[10] Fukunaga FH, Yatani R, "Geographic pathology of occult thyroid carcinomas", Cancer vol. 36, pp. 1095-1099, 1975.
[11] Samaon RJ, "Prevalence and significance of occult thyroid cancer" in: DeGroot LJ, Editor. Radiation-associated thyroid carcinoma, New York, Grune & Stratton 1977, pp.137-153.
[12] Nishiyama RH, Ludwing GK, Thompson NW, "The prevalence of small papillary thyroid carcinomas in 100 consecutive necropsies in an American population", in: DeGroot LJ, Editor. Rsdiation-associated thyroid carcinoma, New York, Grune & Stratton; 1977, pp.123-135.
[13] Thorvaldsson Se, Tulinius H, Bjornsson J, "Latent thyroid carcinoma in Iceland at autopsy", Pathol Res Pract, vol. 188, pp. 747-750, 1992.
[14] Lang W, Borrusch G, Bauer L, "Occult carcinomas of the thyroid", Am J Clin Pathol, vol. 90, pp. 72-76, 1988.
[15] Yamamoto Y, Toshiharu M, Izumi K, "Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid", Cancer vol. 65, pp. 1173-1179, 1990.
[16] Ito Y, Miyauchi A, "Prognostic factors and therapeutic strategies for differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid" Endocrine Journal, vol. 56, pp. 177-192, 2009.
[17] Takebe K, Date M, Yamamoto Y, "The detection minimal thyroid cancer in mass screening with ultrasonography", Geka vol. 58, pp. 651-654, 1996.
[18] Iida F, Sugenoya A, Muramatsu A, "Clinical and pathologic properties of small differentiated carcinomas of thyroid gland", World J Surg vol. 15, pp. 511-515, 1991.
[19] Hay ID, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, "Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A study of 535 cases observed in a 50-year period", Surgery vol. 112, pp. 1139-1147, 1992.
[20] Rodriguez JM, Moreno A, Paririla P, "Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: clinical study and prognosis", Eur J Surg vol. 163, pp. 255-259, 1997.
[21] Lin KD, Lin JD, Huang MJ, "Clinical presentations and predictive variables of thyroid microcarcinoma with distant metastasis", Int Surg, vol. 82, pp. 378-381, 1997.
[22] Rassael H, Thompson LDR, Heffess CS, "A rationale for conservative management of microscopic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinic-pathological correlation of 90 cases" Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, vol. 255, pp. 462-467, 1998.
[23] Sugitani I, Fujimoto Y, "Symptomatic versus asymptomatic papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A retrospective analysis of surgical outcome and prognostic factors", Endocrine J, vol. 46, pp. 209-216, 1999.
[24] Falvo L, D’Ercole C, Sorrenti S, "Papillary micro carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Analysis of prognostic factors including histological subtype", Eur J Surg, vol. 588, pp. 28-32, 2003.
[25] Wada N, Duh QY, Sugino K, "Lymph node metastasis from 259 papillary thyroid microcarcinomas: frequency, pattern of occurrence and recurrence, and optimal strategy for neck dissection", Ann Surg, vol. 237, pp. 399-407, 2003.
[26] Chow SM, Law SC, Chan JK, "Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid: prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis and multifocality", Cancer vol. 98, pp. 31-40, 2003.
[27] Ito Y, Tomoda C, Uruno T, "Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid: how should it be treated?", World J Surg vol. 28, pp. 1115-1121, 2003.
[28] Sobin LH and Wittekind CH, Editor. UICC: TNM classification of malignant tumors, edn 6. New York, NY: Wiley-Liss; 2002.
[29] Shimamoto K, Satake H, Sawaki A, "Preoperative staging of thyroid papillary carcinoma with ultrasonography", Eur J Radiol, vol. 29(8), pp. 4-10, 1998.
[30] Tomada C, Uruno T, TakamuraY, "Ultrasonography as a method of screening for tracheal invasion by papillary thyroid cancer", Surg Today, vol. 35(10), pp. 819-22, 2005.
[31] Yamamura N, Fukushima S, Nakao K, "Relation between ultrasonographic and histologic findings of tracheal invasion by differentiated thyroid cancer", World J Surg, vol. 26(8), pp. 1071-3, 2002.
[32] Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Murakami N, "Extracapsular invasion of lymph node metastasis is an indicator of distant metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma", Cancer, vol.80(12), pp. 2268-72, 1997.
[33] Miralliè EE, Guillan TT, Bridji BB, "Therapeutic impact of DG-PET/CT in the management of iodine-negative recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma", Surgery vol. 142(6), pp. 952-8, 2007.
[34] Patel KN, Shaha AR, "Locally advanced thyroid cancer", Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, vol. 13, pp. 112-116, 2005.
[35] Honings J, Stephen AE, Marres HA, "The management of thyroid carcinoma invading the larynx or trachea", The Laryngoscope, vol. 120, pp. 682-689, 2010.
[36] Park CS, Suh KW, Min JS, "Cartilage-shaving procedure for the control of tracheal cartilage invasion by thyroid carcinoma", Head Neck, vol. 15, pp. 289-291, 1993.
[37] Nishida T, Nakao K, Hamaji M, "Differentiated thyroid carcinoma with airway invasion: indication for tracheal resection based on the extent of cancer invasion", J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol. 114, pp. 84-92, 1997.
[38] Britto E, Shah S, Parikh DM, "Laryngotracheal invasion by well-differentiated thyroid cancer: diagnosis and management", J Surg Oncol, vol. 44, pp. 25-31, 1990.
[39] Frazell EL, Foote FW, "Papillary cancer of the thyroid; a review of 25 years of experience", Cancer, vol. 11, pp. 895-922, 1958.
[40] Melliere DJ, Ben Yahia NE, Becquemin JP, "Thyroid carcinoma wuth tracheal or esophageal involvement: limited or maximal surgery?", Surgery, vol. 113, pp. 166-172, 1993.
[41] Clark RL, Ibanez ML, White EC, "What constitutes an adequate operation for carcinoma of the thyroid?" Arch Surg, vol. 92, pp. 23-26, 1996.
[42] McConahey WM, Hay ID, Woolner LB, "Papillary thyroid cancer treated at the Mayo Clinic, 1946 through 1970: initial manifestations, pathologic findings, therapy, and outcome", Mayo Clin Proc vol. 61, pp. 978-996, 1986.
[43] Lawson VG, "The management of airway involvement in thyroid tumors", Arch Otolaryngol vol. 109, pp. 86-90, 1983.
[44] Hu A, Clark J, Payne RJ, "Extrathyroidal extension in well-differentiated thyroid cancer: macroscopic vs microscopic as a predictor of outcome", Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, vol. 133, pp. 644-649, 2007.
[45] Schindel J, "Surgery in malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. A review of 15 years’ experience with 225 cases", Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, vol. 80, pp. 61-66, 1971.
[46] Breaux GP, Guillamondegui OM, "Treatment of locally invasive carcinoma of the thyroid: how radical?", Am J Surg, vol. 140, pp. 514-517, 1980.
[47] Segal K, Abraham A, Levy R, "Carcinomas of the thyroid gland invading larynx and trachea", Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci, vol. 9, pp. 21-25, 1984.
[48] Tsumori T, Nakao K, Miyata M, "Clinicopathologic study of thyroid carcinoma infiltrating the trachea", Cancer, vol. 56, pp. 2843-2848, 1985.
[49] McCarty TM, Kuhn JA, Williams WL, "Surgical management of thyroid cancer invading the airway", Ann Surg Oncol, vol. 4, pp. 403-408, 1997.
[50] Koike E, Yamashita H, Noguchi S, "Bronchoscopic diagnosis of thyroid cancer with laryngotracheal invasion", Arch Surg, vol. 136, pp. 1185-1189, 2001.
[51] Sywak M, Pasieka JL, McFadden S, "Functional results and quality of life after tracheal resection for locally invasive thyroid cancer", Am J Surg, vol. 185, pp. 465-467, 2003.
[52] Tsai YF, Tseng YL, Wu MH, "Aggressive resection of the airway invaded by thyroid carcinoma", Br J Surg, vol. 92, pp. 1382-1387, 2005.
[53] Randolph GW, Kamani D, "The importance of preoperative laryngoscopy in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: voice, vocal cord function, and the preoperative detection of invasive thyroid malignancy", Surgery, vol. 139, pp. 357-362, 2006.
[54] Friedman M, Skolnik EM, Berlinger FG, "Laryngotracheal invasion by thyroid-carcinoma", Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, vol. 91, pp. 363-369, 1982.
[55] Ballantyne AJ, "Resections of the upper aerodigestive tract for locally invasive thyroid cancer", Am J Surg, vol. 168, pp. 636-639, 1994.
[56] Segal K, Shpitzer T, Hazan A, "Invasive well-differentiated thyroid cancinoma: effect of treatment modalities on outcome", Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, vol. 134, pp. 819-822, 2006.
[57] McCaffrey TV, Bergstralh EJ, Hay ID, "Locally invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma: 1940–1990", Head Neck, vol. 16(2), pp. 165-72, 1994.
[58] Donnelly MJ, Timon CL, McShane DP, "The role of total laryngectomy in the management of intraluminal upper airway invasion by well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma", Ear Nose Throat J, vol. 73, pp. 659-662, 1994.
[59] Friedman M, Danielzadeh JA, Caldarelli DD, "Treatment of patients with carcinoma of the thyroid invading the airway", Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, vol. 120(12), pp. 1377-81, 1994.
[60] Talpos GB, "Tracheal and laryngeal resections for differentiated thyroid cancer", Am Surg, vol. 65(8), pp. 754-9, 1999.
[61] Breaux GP, Guillamondegui OM, "Treatment of locally invasive carcinoma of the thyroid: how radical?", Am J Surg, vol. 140(4), pp. 514-7, 1980.
[62] Donnelly MJ, Timon CI, McShane DP, "The role of total laryngectomy in the management of intraluminal upper airway invasion by well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma", Ear Nose Throat J, vol. 73(9), pp. 659-62, 1994.
[63] Kim KH, Sung MW, Chang KH, "Therapeutic dilemmas in the management of thyroid cancer with laryngotracheal involvement", Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, vol. 122(5), pp. 763-7, 2000.
[64] Segal K, Abraham A, Levy R, "Carcinomas of the thyroid gland invading larynx and trachea", Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci, vol. 9(1), pp. 21-5, 1984.
[65] Ballantyne AJ, "Resections of the upper aerodigestive tract for locally invasive thyroid cancer", Am J Surg, vol. 168(6), pp. 636-9, 1994.
[66] McCaffrey TV, Lipton RJ, "Thyroid carcinoma invading the upper aerodigestive system", Laryngoscope, vol. 100(8), pp. 824-30, 1990.
[67] Sugenoya A, Asanuma K, Shingu K, "Clinical evaluation of upper mediastinal dissection for differentiated thyroid carcinoma", Surgery, vol. 113, pp. 541-544, 1993.
[68] Ito Y, Tomoda C, Uruno T, "Clinical significance of metastasis to the central compartment from papillary microcarinoma of the thyroid", World J Surg, vol. 30, pp. 91-99, 2006.
[69] ItoY, Miyauchi A, "Lateral and mediastinal lymph node dissection in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: indications, benefits, and risks", World J Surg, vol. 31, pp. 905-915, 2007.
[70] Dralle H, Gimm O, "Lymphadenektomie beim schilddrusencarcinom" Chirurg, vol. 67, pp. 788-806, 1996.
[71] Martenson H, Terins J, "Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in thyroid gland surgery related to operations and nerves at risk", Arch Surg, vol. 120, pp. 475-482, 1985.
[72] Scheumann GF, Seeliger H, Musholt TF, "Completion thyroidectomy in 131 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma", Eur J Surg, vol. 162, pp. 677-689, 1996
[73] McConahey WM, Hay ID, Woolner LB, "Papillary thyroid cancer treated at Mayo Clinical, 1946 through 1970: initial manifestations, pathologic findings, therapy and outcome", Mayo Clin Proc, vol. 61, pp. 978- 996, 1986.
[74] Wanebo HJ, Adrews W, Kaiser DL, "Thyroid cancer: Some basic considerations", Am J Surg, vol. 142, pp. 474-479, 1981.
[75] Candy B, "Surgery of thyroid cancer", World J Surg, vol. 5, pp. 3-14.
[76] Simon D, Goretzki PE, Witte J, "Incidence of regional recurrence guiding radicality in differentiated thyroid carcinoma", World J Surg, vol. 20, pp. 860-866, 1996.
[77] Marchesi M, Biffoni M, Biancan F, "Predictors of outcome for patients with differentiated and aggressive thyroid carcinoma", Eur J Surg, vol. 558, pp. 46-50, 2002.
[78] Machens A, Hinze R, Thomusch O, "Pattern of nodal metastasis for primary and reoperative thyroid cancer", World J Surg, vol. 26, pp. 22-28, 2002.
[79] Karam M, Gianoukakis A, Feustel PJ, "Influence of diagnostic and therapeutic does on thyroid remnant ablation rates", Nucl Med Commun, vol. 24, pp. 489-495, 2003.
[80] Kebebew E, Clark OH, "Differentiated thyroid cancer: "complete" rational approach", World J Surg, vol. 24, pp. 942-951, 2000.
[81] Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM, "Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer", Am J Med, vol. 97, pp. 418-428, 1994.
Author Information
  • ENT Department, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Hospital “SS. Annunziata”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy

  • ENT Department, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Hospital “SS. Annunziata”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy

  • ENT Department, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Hospital “SS. Annunziata”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy

  • ENT Department, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Hospital “SS. Annunziata”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Melissa Laus, Domenico Crescenzi, Alessandro De Stefano, Adelchi Croce. (2013). Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Invading the Larynx and Trachea. Clinical Medicine Research, 2(6), 148-153. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20130206.16

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Melissa Laus; Domenico Crescenzi; Alessandro De Stefano; Adelchi Croce. Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Invading the Larynx and Trachea. Clin. Med. Res. 2013, 2(6), 148-153. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20130206.16

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Melissa Laus, Domenico Crescenzi, Alessandro De Stefano, Adelchi Croce. Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Invading the Larynx and Trachea. Clin Med Res. 2013;2(6):148-153. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20130206.16

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.cmr.20130206.16,
      author = {Melissa Laus and Domenico Crescenzi and Alessandro De Stefano and Adelchi Croce},
      title = {Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Invading the Larynx and Trachea},
      journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {148-153},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20130206.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20130206.16},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20130206.16},
      abstract = {Larynx and trachea invasion by thyroid cancer is an uncommon but difficult problem. There is no consensus on indication for the extent of surgery, particularly when there is a requirement for airway reconstruction.  In general, the surgeon must decide between a complete ablation of the tumor at the cost of large-mutilation and a less radical dissection that leaves residual tumor to be treated with radiation therapy and additional radio-iodine.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Invading the Larynx and Trachea
    AU  - Melissa Laus
    AU  - Domenico Crescenzi
    AU  - Alessandro De Stefano
    AU  - Adelchi Croce
    Y1  - 2013/10/30
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20130206.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20130206.16
    T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
    JF  - Clinical Medicine Research
    JO  - Clinical Medicine Research
    SP  - 148
    EP  - 153
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2326-9057
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20130206.16
    AB  - Larynx and trachea invasion by thyroid cancer is an uncommon but difficult problem. There is no consensus on indication for the extent of surgery, particularly when there is a requirement for airway reconstruction.  In general, the surgeon must decide between a complete ablation of the tumor at the cost of large-mutilation and a less radical dissection that leaves residual tumor to be treated with radiation therapy and additional radio-iodine.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections