International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences

| Peer-Reviewed |

Determination Amount of Bisphenol A in Drugs and Water Drinking Container in Khartoum State, Sudan

Received: 08 August 2015    Accepted: 29 September 2015    Published: 15 October 2015
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

In the early 1930s, the British biochemist Edward Charles Dodds tested BPA as an artificial estrogen, but found it to be 37,000 times less effective than estradiol. In this study, BPA concentration in µg/L was measured in different drugs and water sample randomly collected from Khartoum state, Sudan to be analyzed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument (Model – Shimadzu UV2450). The highest concentration was observed in eye and Eyre drops while the lost concentration found in normal saline infusion. Water sample not recorded any amount of BPA.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.12
Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015)
Page(s) 609-612
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bisphenol A (BPA), UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, Nasal Drop, Eye Drop, Eyre Drop, Normal Saline Infusion

References
[1] "Chemical Fact Sheet – Cas # 80057 CASRN 80-05-7". Speclab.com. 1 April 2012.
[2] (Dianin) (1891). [On condensation products of ketones with phenols]. (Journal of the Russian Physical-Chemical Society) 23: 488–517, 523–546, 601–611. See especially p. 492.
[3] Zincke T (1905). "Ueber die Einwirkung von Brom und von Chlor auf Phenole: Substitutionsprodukte, Pseudobromide und Pseudochloride". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 343: 75–99. doi: 10.1002/jlac.19053430106.
[4] Uglea, Constantin V.; Ioan I. Negulescu (1991). Synthesis and Characterization of Oligomers. CRC Press. p. 103. ISBN 0-8493-4954-0.
[5] 7. Fiege H, Voges H-W, Hamamoto T, Umemura S, = Iwata T, Miki H, Fujita Y, Buysch H-J, = Garbe D, Paulus W (2002). Phenol Derivatives. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH). doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313
[6] "Experts demand European action on plastics chemical". Reuters. 22 June 2010.
[7] National Toxicology Program, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (September 2008). "CERHR Expert Panel Report for Bisphenol A" (PDF). Retrieved May 2013.
[8] "Bisphenol A Action Plan" (PDF). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 29 March 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
[9] "Concern over canned foods". Consumer Reports. December 2009. Retrieved2 February 2012.
[10] "Bisphenol A Information Sheet" (PDF). Bisphenol A Global Industry Group. October 2002. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
[11] "Studies Report More Harmful Effects From BPA". U.S. News & World Report. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
[12] Replogle J (17 July 2009). "Lawmakers to press for BPA regulation". California Progress Report. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
[13] Ubelacker, Sheryl (16 April 2008). "Ridding life of bisphenol A a challenge". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
[14] US 6562755, "Thermal paper with security features" Raloff, Janet (7 October 2009). "Concerned about BPA: Check your receipts". Science News. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
[15] "A Survey of Bisphenol A in U.S. Canned Foods". Environmental Working Group. 5 March 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
[16] Health Canada. "Survey of Bisphenol A in Canned Drink Products". Retrieved13 March 2009.
[17] Erickson BE (2 June 2008). "Bisphenol A under scrutiny". Chemical and Engineering News (American Chemical Society) 86 (22): 36–39. doi: 10.1021/cen-v086n022. p036.
[18] Rubin BS (2011)." Bisphenol A: An endocrine disruptor with widespread exposure and multiple effects". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Bio 127 (1-2): 27–34. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb. 2011.05.002. PMID 21605673.
[19] Gore AC (8 June 2007). Endocrine - Disrupting Chemicals: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press. ISBN 978-1-58829-830-0.
[20] O'Connor JC, Chapin RE (2003). "Critical evaluation of observed adverse effects of endocrine active substances on reproduction and development, the immune system, and the nervous system" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem 75 (11–12): 2099–2123.doi: 10.1351/pac200375112099. Retrieved 28 February 2007.
[21] Okada H, Tokunaga T, Liu X, Takayanagi S, Matsushima A, Shimohigashi Y (January 2008). "Direct evidence revealing structural elements essential for the high binding ability of bisphenol A to human estrogen-related receptor-gamma". Environ. Health Perspect.116 (1): 32–8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.10587. PMC 2199305. PMID 18197296.
[22] vomSaal FS, Myers JP (2008). "Bisphenol A and Risk of Metabolic Disorders". JAMA 300 (11): 1353–5. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.11.1353. PMID 18799451
[23] Ginsberg G, Rice DC (2009). "Does Rapid Metabolism Ensure Negligible Risk from Bisphenol A?". EHP 117 (11): 1639–1643. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901010.PMC 2801165. PMID 20049111.
[24] Beronius A, Rudén C, Håkansson H, Hanberg A (2010). "Risk to all or none? A comparative analysis of controversies in the health risk assessment of BisphenolA". Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 29 (2): 132–46. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.11.007. PMID 19931376
[25] Brock, J. W., Yoshimura, Y., Barr, J. R., Maggio, V. L., Graiser, S. R., Nakazawa, H., Needham, L. L., 2001. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epide- miology 11, 323–328.
[26] Kim, H., Hong, J. K., Kim, YH., Kim, K. R., 2003. Archives of Pharmacal Research 26, 697–705.
[27] Noda, M., Komatsu, H., Sano, H., 1999. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 47, 374–378.
[28] Poorahong, S., Thammakhet, C., Thavarungkul, P., Kanatharana, P., 2012. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 48, 242 – 250.
[29] De Meulenaer, B., Baert, K., Lanckriet, H., VanHoed, V., Huyghebaert, A., 2002. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, 5273–5282.
[30] Environment Canada. (2008). Draft screening assessment for phenol, 4, 4' - (1- methylethyllidene) bis - (80-05-7). Accessed at: http://www.ec.gc.ca/substances/ese/eng/challenge/batch2/batch2_80-05-7.cfm. Accessed: 14 October.
[31] Scientific Panel on Food Additives Flavourings Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food. (2006) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food on a request from the Commission related to 2, 2-bis(4-hydroxyohenyl)propane (Bisphenol A). EFSA Journal; 428: 1-75.
[32] Thomson BM, Grounds PR. (2005) Bisphenol A in canned foods in New Zealand: Anexposure assessment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A; 22(1): 65 - 72.
Author Information
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Sudan International University, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Sudan International University, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Food Research Centre, Ministry of Science and Communication, Khartoum, Sudan

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Almoeiz Yousif Hammad, Faris Mohamed Awad, Warda Shukrat Alla Abdelgadir. (2015). Determination Amount of Bisphenol A in Drugs and Water Drinking Container in Khartoum State, Sudan. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 4(6), 609-612. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Almoeiz Yousif Hammad; Faris Mohamed Awad; Warda Shukrat Alla Abdelgadir. Determination Amount of Bisphenol A in Drugs and Water Drinking Container in Khartoum State, Sudan. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2015, 4(6), 609-612. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Almoeiz Yousif Hammad, Faris Mohamed Awad, Warda Shukrat Alla Abdelgadir. Determination Amount of Bisphenol A in Drugs and Water Drinking Container in Khartoum State, Sudan. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2015;4(6):609-612. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.12,
      author = {Almoeiz Yousif Hammad and Faris Mohamed Awad and Warda Shukrat Alla Abdelgadir},
      title = {Determination Amount of Bisphenol A in Drugs and Water Drinking Container in Khartoum State, Sudan},
      journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {609-612},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20150406.12},
      abstract = {In the early 1930s, the British biochemist Edward Charles Dodds tested BPA as an artificial estrogen, but found it to be 37,000 times less effective than estradiol. In this study, BPA concentration in µg/L was measured in different drugs and water sample randomly collected from Khartoum state, Sudan to be analyzed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument (Model – Shimadzu UV2450). The highest concentration was observed in eye and Eyre drops while the lost concentration found in normal saline infusion. Water sample not recorded any amount of BPA.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Determination Amount of Bisphenol A in Drugs and Water Drinking Container in Khartoum State, Sudan
    AU  - Almoeiz Yousif Hammad
    AU  - Faris Mohamed Awad
    AU  - Warda Shukrat Alla Abdelgadir
    Y1  - 2015/10/15
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.12
    T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    SP  - 609
    EP  - 612
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2716
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.12
    AB  - In the early 1930s, the British biochemist Edward Charles Dodds tested BPA as an artificial estrogen, but found it to be 37,000 times less effective than estradiol. In this study, BPA concentration in µg/L was measured in different drugs and water sample randomly collected from Khartoum state, Sudan to be analyzed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument (Model – Shimadzu UV2450). The highest concentration was observed in eye and Eyre drops while the lost concentration found in normal saline infusion. Water sample not recorded any amount of BPA.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections