Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan

Ghulam Shabir Barham; Muhammad Khaskheli; Aijaz Hussain Soomro; Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15

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Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan

Ghulam Shabir Barham, Muhammad Khaskheli, Aijaz Hussain Soomro, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 1 April 2014 Accepted: 24 April 2014 Published: 30 April 2014

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Abstract

This study was designed to screen the various adulterants in the market milk sold in the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh province, Pakistan during the year 2013. A total of 100 milk samples were collected, each of twenty (n= 20) from milk producers (MP), milk collectors (MC), middlemen (MM), processors (P) and dairy shops (DS), were examined for various adulterants. Among these adulterants water (91%) was found in majority of milk samples, followed by detergent (41%), cane sugar (31%), starch (27%), rice flour (24%), formalin (20%), sodium chloride and skimmed milk powder (19%), urea and hydrogen peroxide (15%), ammonium sulfate (13%), vegetable oil and boric acid (12%), caustic soda (11%), glucose (10%), arrowroot (9%), hypochlorite (5%), salicylic acid (4%) and sorbitol (3%) consumed at the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh, Pakistan. Freezing point of 80% milk samples of MP, 90% of MC, 95% of MM, 90% of P and 100% of DS appeared towards 0 oC rather than that of control milk, and assumed to be adulterated with extraneous water. The averaged extent of water in milk sold by MC remarkably higher than that of other milk marketing channels, but statistically non-significant (P>0.05) with all milk intermediaries; MP, MC, P and DS, except MM in which the extent of water was found to be significantly (P<0.05) lower than MC. The risk of adulteration at DS, MM, MC and P was found non-significant (P>0.05) with each other, but significantly (P<0.05) higher than MP.

Published in	Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15
Page(s)	47-52
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adulteration, Extent of Extraneous Water, Freezing Point and Market Milk

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APA Style

Ghulam Shabir Barham, Muhammad Khaskheli, Aijaz Hussain Soomro, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani. (2014). Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(2), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15

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ACS Style

Ghulam Shabir Barham; Muhammad Khaskheli; Aijaz Hussain Soomro; Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani. Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(2), 47-52. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15

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AMA Style

Ghulam Shabir Barham, Muhammad Khaskheli, Aijaz Hussain Soomro, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani. Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(2):47-52. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15,
  author = {Ghulam Shabir Barham and Muhammad Khaskheli and Aijaz Hussain Soomro and Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani},
  title = {Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {47-52},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140202.15},
  abstract = {This study was designed to screen the various adulterants in the market milk sold in the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh province, Pakistan during the year 2013. A total of 100 milk samples were collected, each of twenty (n= 20) from milk producers (MP), milk collectors (MC), middlemen (MM), processors (P) and dairy shops (DS), were examined for various adulterants. Among these adulterants water (91%) was found in majority of milk samples, followed by detergent (41%), cane sugar (31%), starch (27%), rice flour (24%), formalin (20%), sodium chloride and skimmed milk powder (19%), urea and hydrogen peroxide (15%), ammonium sulfate (13%), vegetable oil and boric acid (12%), caustic soda (11%), glucose (10%), arrowroot (9%), hypochlorite (5%), salicylic acid (4%) and sorbitol (3%) consumed at the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh, Pakistan. Freezing point of 80% milk samples of MP, 90% of MC, 95% of MM, 90% of P and 100% of DS  appeared towards 0 oC rather than that of control milk, and assumed to be adulterated with extraneous water. The averaged extent of water in milk sold by MC remarkably higher than that of other milk marketing channels, but statistically non-significant (P>0.05) with all milk intermediaries; MP, MC, P and DS, except MM in which the extent of water was found to be significantly (P0.05) with each other, but significantly (P<0.05) higher than MP.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan
AU  - Ghulam Shabir Barham
AU  - Muhammad Khaskheli
AU  - Aijaz Hussain Soomro
AU  - Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani
Y1  - 2014/04/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 47
EP  - 52
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15
AB  - This study was designed to screen the various adulterants in the market milk sold in the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh province, Pakistan during the year 2013. A total of 100 milk samples were collected, each of twenty (n= 20) from milk producers (MP), milk collectors (MC), middlemen (MM), processors (P) and dairy shops (DS), were examined for various adulterants. Among these adulterants water (91%) was found in majority of milk samples, followed by detergent (41%), cane sugar (31%), starch (27%), rice flour (24%), formalin (20%), sodium chloride and skimmed milk powder (19%), urea and hydrogen peroxide (15%), ammonium sulfate (13%), vegetable oil and boric acid (12%), caustic soda (11%), glucose (10%), arrowroot (9%), hypochlorite (5%), salicylic acid (4%) and sorbitol (3%) consumed at the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh, Pakistan. Freezing point of 80% milk samples of MP, 90% of MC, 95% of MM, 90% of P and 100% of DS  appeared towards 0 oC rather than that of control milk, and assumed to be adulterated with extraneous water. The averaged extent of water in milk sold by MC remarkably higher than that of other milk marketing channels, but statistically non-significant (P>0.05) with all milk intermediaries; MP, MC, P and DS, except MM in which the extent of water was found to be significantly (P0.05) with each other, but significantly (P<0.05) higher than MP.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Ghulam Shabir Barham

Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Muhammad Khaskheli

Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Aijaz Hussain Soomro

Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan

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APA Style

Ghulam Shabir Barham, Muhammad Khaskheli, Aijaz Hussain Soomro, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani. (2014). Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(2), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15

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ACS Style

Ghulam Shabir Barham; Muhammad Khaskheli; Aijaz Hussain Soomro; Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani. Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(2), 47-52. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15

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AMA Style

Ghulam Shabir Barham, Muhammad Khaskheli, Aijaz Hussain Soomro, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani. Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(2):47-52. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15,
  author = {Ghulam Shabir Barham and Muhammad Khaskheli and Aijaz Hussain Soomro and Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani},
  title = {Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {47-52},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140202.15},
  abstract = {This study was designed to screen the various adulterants in the market milk sold in the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh province, Pakistan during the year 2013. A total of 100 milk samples were collected, each of twenty (n= 20) from milk producers (MP), milk collectors (MC), middlemen (MM), processors (P) and dairy shops (DS), were examined for various adulterants. Among these adulterants water (91%) was found in majority of milk samples, followed by detergent (41%), cane sugar (31%), starch (27%), rice flour (24%), formalin (20%), sodium chloride and skimmed milk powder (19%), urea and hydrogen peroxide (15%), ammonium sulfate (13%), vegetable oil and boric acid (12%), caustic soda (11%), glucose (10%), arrowroot (9%), hypochlorite (5%), salicylic acid (4%) and sorbitol (3%) consumed at the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh, Pakistan. Freezing point of 80% milk samples of MP, 90% of MC, 95% of MM, 90% of P and 100% of DS  appeared towards 0 oC rather than that of control milk, and assumed to be adulterated with extraneous water. The averaged extent of water in milk sold by MC remarkably higher than that of other milk marketing channels, but statistically non-significant (P>0.05) with all milk intermediaries; MP, MC, P and DS, except MM in which the extent of water was found to be significantly (P0.05) with each other, but significantly (P<0.05) higher than MP.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Detection and Extent of Extraneous Water and Adulteration in Milk Consumed at Hyderabad, Pakistan
AU  - Ghulam Shabir Barham
AU  - Muhammad Khaskheli
AU  - Aijaz Hussain Soomro
AU  - Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani
Y1  - 2014/04/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 47
EP  - 52
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.15
AB  - This study was designed to screen the various adulterants in the market milk sold in the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh province, Pakistan during the year 2013. A total of 100 milk samples were collected, each of twenty (n= 20) from milk producers (MP), milk collectors (MC), middlemen (MM), processors (P) and dairy shops (DS), were examined for various adulterants. Among these adulterants water (91%) was found in majority of milk samples, followed by detergent (41%), cane sugar (31%), starch (27%), rice flour (24%), formalin (20%), sodium chloride and skimmed milk powder (19%), urea and hydrogen peroxide (15%), ammonium sulfate (13%), vegetable oil and boric acid (12%), caustic soda (11%), glucose (10%), arrowroot (9%), hypochlorite (5%), salicylic acid (4%) and sorbitol (3%) consumed at the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh, Pakistan. Freezing point of 80% milk samples of MP, 90% of MC, 95% of MM, 90% of P and 100% of DS  appeared towards 0 oC rather than that of control milk, and assumed to be adulterated with extraneous water. The averaged extent of water in milk sold by MC remarkably higher than that of other milk marketing channels, but statistically non-significant (P>0.05) with all milk intermediaries; MP, MC, P and DS, except MM in which the extent of water was found to be significantly (P0.05) with each other, but significantly (P<0.05) higher than MP.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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