Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan

Emmanuel Tyokumbur; Tonye Okorie

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13

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Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan

Emmanuel Tyokumbur, Tonye Okorie

Received: 1 October 2014 Accepted: 5 November 2014 Published: 20 November 2014

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Abstract

Studies were carried out on the trace metal contamination of Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria. Fish were collected between January and December 2003 (Dry and rainy season).Muscle, liver, bone, gills, gut and fins were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was ensured through the use of bovine liver from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a standard reference material. The range of As, Cd and Pb in the fish organs was 0.000-0.154ppm, 0.000-0.302ppm and 0.00-4.03ppm respectively. Mean concentration of As in all the organs exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) standard while that of Cd concentration in the muscle, gut and fins were below and the liver and gills exceeded it. For Pb, apart from the fins (0.48ppm), all the other organs exceeded the WHO recommended limit standard. The study shows that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.melanotheron) caught from it is unfit for human consumption due to public health consequences.

DOI	10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13
Published in	Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014)
Page(s)	258-261
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Trace Metals, Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Sarotherodon melanotheron

References

[1]	Adedeji, O.B, Adeyemo, O.K and Oyedele, M.O (2011).Heavy metals in snail and water samples from Alaro River in Oluyole Industrial Area of Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation 6 (2): 115-121
[2]	Akaahan, J; Oluma, H.O.A and Sha’Ato, R (2010). Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Water from Shallow Wells in Two Rural Communities in Benue State, Nigeria. Pak. J. Anal. Environ. Chem. (11)1:73-78
[3]	Akan, J.C; Mohmoud, S; Yikala, B.S and Ogugbuaja, V.O (2012). Bioaccumulation of Some Heavy Metals in Fish Samples from River Benue in Vinikilang, Adamawa State, Nigeria. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 3, 727-736.
[4]	Moses B.S (1992). Introduction to Tropical Fisheries. Ibadan University Press; 1992
[5]	Odiete, W.O. (1999). Environmental Physiology of Animals and Pollution. First Edition. Diversified Resources Limited. Lagos.
[6]	Olaifa, F.E; Olaifa, A.K; Adelaja, A.A and Owolabi, A.G (2004).Heavy metal contamination of Clarias gariepinus from a lake and fish farm in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, Vol. 7 (2004); 145 - 148
[7]	Sun, H.J; Rathinasabapathi, B; Wua, B; Luoa, J; Pu, L.P and Ma, L.Q (2014). Arsenic and selenium toxicity and their interactive effects in humans. Environment International 69 ; 148–158
[8]	Tyokumbur, E.T and Okorie. T.G. (2014). Bioconcentration of trace metals in the freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata (Mollusca: Thiaridae) from Alaro stream ecosystem of South West Nigeria. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering.Vol.2.No.1. 51-65
[9]	WHO (2008). Cadmium. In: Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 3rd edition incorporating 1st and 2nd addenda. Volume 1. Recommendations. Geneva, World Health Organization, pp. 317–319
[10]	WHO/FAO (1989). Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Thirty third Report of the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives. WHO technical report series (Geneva).776, 26–27

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Emmanuel Tyokumbur, Tonye Okorie. (2014). Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(6), 258-261. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13

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Emmanuel Tyokumbur; Tonye Okorie. Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(6), 258-261. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13

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Emmanuel Tyokumbur, Tonye Okorie. Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(6):258-261. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13,
  author = {Emmanuel Tyokumbur and Tonye Okorie},
  title = {Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {258-261},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140206.13},
  abstract = {Studies were carried out on the trace metal contamination of Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria. Fish were collected between January and December 2003 (Dry and rainy season).Muscle, liver, bone, gills, gut and fins were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was ensured through the use of bovine liver from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a standard reference material. The range of As, Cd and Pb in the fish organs was 0.000-0.154ppm, 0.000-0.302ppm and 0.00-4.03ppm respectively. Mean concentration of As in all the organs exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) standard while that of Cd concentration in the muscle, gut and fins were below and the liver and gills exceeded it. For Pb, apart from the fins (0.48ppm), all the other organs exceeded the WHO recommended limit standard. The study shows that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.melanotheron) caught from it is unfit for human consumption due to public health consequences.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan
AU  - Emmanuel Tyokumbur
AU  - Tonye Okorie
Y1  - 2014/11/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 258
EP  - 261
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13
AB  - Studies were carried out on the trace metal contamination of Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria. Fish were collected between January and December 2003 (Dry and rainy season).Muscle, liver, bone, gills, gut and fins were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was ensured through the use of bovine liver from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a standard reference material. The range of As, Cd and Pb in the fish organs was 0.000-0.154ppm, 0.000-0.302ppm and 0.00-4.03ppm respectively. Mean concentration of As in all the organs exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) standard while that of Cd concentration in the muscle, gut and fins were below and the liver and gills exceeded it. For Pb, apart from the fins (0.48ppm), all the other organs exceeded the WHO recommended limit standard. The study shows that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.melanotheron) caught from it is unfit for human consumption due to public health consequences.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Emmanuel Tyokumbur

Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Tonye Okorie

Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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APA Style

Emmanuel Tyokumbur, Tonye Okorie. (2014). Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(6), 258-261. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13

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ACS Style

Emmanuel Tyokumbur; Tonye Okorie. Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(6), 258-261. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13

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AMA Style

Emmanuel Tyokumbur, Tonye Okorie. Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(6):258-261. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13,
  author = {Emmanuel Tyokumbur and Tonye Okorie},
  title = {Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {258-261},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140206.13},
  abstract = {Studies were carried out on the trace metal contamination of Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria. Fish were collected between January and December 2003 (Dry and rainy season).Muscle, liver, bone, gills, gut and fins were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was ensured through the use of bovine liver from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a standard reference material. The range of As, Cd and Pb in the fish organs was 0.000-0.154ppm, 0.000-0.302ppm and 0.00-4.03ppm respectively. Mean concentration of As in all the organs exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) standard while that of Cd concentration in the muscle, gut and fins were below and the liver and gills exceeded it. For Pb, apart from the fins (0.48ppm), all the other organs exceeded the WHO recommended limit standard. The study shows that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.melanotheron) caught from it is unfit for human consumption due to public health consequences.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Toxic Trace Metal Contamination (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Ruppell, 1852) from Alaro Stream in Ibadan
AU  - Emmanuel Tyokumbur
AU  - Tonye Okorie
Y1  - 2014/11/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 258
EP  - 261
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.13
AB  - Studies were carried out on the trace metal contamination of Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria. Fish were collected between January and December 2003 (Dry and rainy season).Muscle, liver, bone, gills, gut and fins were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was ensured through the use of bovine liver from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a standard reference material. The range of As, Cd and Pb in the fish organs was 0.000-0.154ppm, 0.000-0.302ppm and 0.00-4.03ppm respectively. Mean concentration of As in all the organs exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) standard while that of Cd concentration in the muscle, gut and fins were below and the liver and gills exceeded it. For Pb, apart from the fins (0.48ppm), all the other organs exceeded the WHO recommended limit standard. The study shows that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.melanotheron) caught from it is unfit for human consumption due to public health consequences.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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