Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

| Peer-Reviewed |

Biochemical and Nutritional Impact of Celery and Turnip Leaves on Induced Obese by High Fat Diet (HFD)

Received: 21 November 2014    Accepted: 30 November 2014    Published: 08 December 2014
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

The high fiber diet is reported to have substantial health benefits such as anti-obesity. So, this study evaluated the effect of celery and turnip leaves on high fat diet (HFD) induced-obese rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 4 weeks old divided 6 groups: G1, fed on basal diet and G2 fed on HFD during the nutritional experimental period, G3 fed on HFD with oral administrated water extract of celery, G4 fed on HFD with oral administrated water extract of turnip leaves, G5 and G6 fed on HFD containing fresh blanch of celery and turnip leaves (as 5% fiber content), respectively for 7 weeks. Finally, at the end of experimental period the blood samples were collected. Rats were weighted, killed and organs were removed. Histopathological and adipose tissue tests were evaluated. Results: Generally, the results showed that the treated rats by celery and turnip leaves had significant decrease in body weight gain and feed intake compared to positive control. Also, celery and turnip leaves had significant decrease in TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C.Similarly, celery and turnip leaves caused reductions in the atherogenic index and coronary risk index (AI and CRI). The liver and kidney functions were decreased when rats fed on HFD with celery and turnip leaves compared to positive control. And rats fed on celery and turnip leaves diets had significant increase in fasting insulin concentration compared to positive control. Concerning histopathological findings; the HFD group had a high changes in liver and kidney. The rats fed on HFD with water extract of both celery and turnip leaves had normal aorta, while some changes in liver and kidney were detected. The rats fed on HFD with 5% as fiber from turnip leaves had a few changes in liver and kidney. The rats feeding on HFD with fresh blanch celery had the lowest weight of total adipose tissue mass and no. of pad cell. Conclusion: using vegetables caused decrease in serum lipid profile, loss body weight, reductions in AI, CRIand prevent the accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) in rats. Also, it is a good sources of fiber and bioactive compounds which using as functional compounds.

DOI 10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.17
Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014)
Page(s) 285-302
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Obesity, Celery, Turnip Leaves, Feeding, Adipose Tissue Mass, Blood Lipid Profile, Insulin Concentration, Histopathology

References
[1] Hyman, M.A. (2010). Environmental Toxins, Obesity, and Diabetes: AN Emerging Risk Factor.Altern. Ther. Health Med.; 16 (2):56-58.
[2] Lois, K. and Kumar, S. (2009). Obesity and diabetes. Endocrinol. Nutr. 56 (Suppl. 4): 38 – 42.
[3] EGYPT Nutrition, Landscape Analysis Report, 2012. [Online at www.unicef.org/egypt/Landscape_Anaylsis_Report_January_2013].
[4] Mishra, A.; Mishra, M.R.; Pradhan, D.K.; Jha, S.; Chandra, R.; Meena, K.; Nandy, B.C. and Makode, L. (2010). Soluble Dietary Fiber: Clinical Nutrition Uses. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2(5):371-378.
[5] Anderson, J.W.; Baird P.; Davis, R.H.; Ferreri, S.; Knudtson, M. ; Koraym, A. ; Waters, V. and Williams, C.L. (2009). Health benefits of dietary fiber. Nutrition Reviews, Vol. 67(4):188–205.
[6] Wang, Z.Q.; Zuberi, A.R.; Zhang, X.H.; Macgowan, J.; Qin, J.; Yea, X.; Son, L.; Wu, Q.; Lian, K. and Cefalu, W.T. (2007). Effects of dietary fibers on weight gain, carbohydrate metabolism, and gastric ghrelin gene expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. Metabolism Clinical and Experimental 56, 1635–1642.
[7] Niizu, P. Y., and Rodriguez-Amaya, D. B. (2005). New data on the carotenoid composition of raw salad vegetables. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 18, 739–749.
[8] Björkman, M. ; Klingen I. ; Birch, A.N.E. ; Bones, A.M. ; Bruce, T.J.A. ; Johansen, T.J. ; Meadow, R. ; Molmann, J. ; Seljasen, R. ; Smart, L.E. and Stewart, D. (2011). Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in plant protection and human health – Influences of climate, environment and agronomic practice. Phytochemistry 72, 538–556.
[9] Abercrombie, J.M., Farnham, M.W. and Rushing, J.W., 2005. Genetic combining ability of glucoraphanin level and other horticultural traits of broccoli. Euphytica 143, 145–151.
[10] Farnham, M.W. and Kopsell, L.E., (2009). Importance of genotype on carotenoid and chlorophyll levels in broccoli heads. HortScience 44, 1248–1253.
[11] Farnham, M.W.; Lester, G.E. and Hassell, R. (2012). Collard, mustard and turnip greens: Effects of genotypes and leaf position on concentrations of ascorbic acid, folate, b-carotene, lutein and phylloquinone. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 27; 1–7.
[12] Mitra, S.K.; Venkataranganna, M.V.; Gopumadhavn, S.; Anturlikar, S.D.; Seshadri, S. and Udupa, U.V. (2001). The protective effect of HD-03in CCL4-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats. Phytoher. Res., 15: 493 – 496.
[13] Wen, T. Q., Lu, W., Chen, F. X., Song, H. S., Zhao, C. P., and Yu, T. (2006). Apium graveolens L. accelerating differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro. Journal of Shanghai University, 10, 89–94.
[14] Winston, D. (2005). Herbal therapy. Integrative Cancer Therapies,(4): 258– 261.
[15] Singh, A. and Handa, S.S. (1995). Hepatoprotective activity of Apium graveolens and Hygrophila auriculata against paracetamol and thioacetamide intoxification in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 49: 119 – 126.
[16] A.O.A.C. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of the Analytical Chemists. 17ed published by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Po Box 540. Benjamin Franklin Station Washington DC. 20044.
[17] Lawrence, KD (1965). "The diabetic life". J. A. Churchill, LTD., London.
[18] Arnous, A., Makris, D.P., and Kefalas, P., (2001). Effect of principal polyphenol components in relation to antioxidant characteristics of aged red wines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(12): 5736–5742.
[19] Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H., and Chern, J., (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Anal. 10, 178–182.
[20] Litchtenthaler, H.K., (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Method Enzymol. 148, 350–383.
[21] Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., and Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 28 (1): 25–30.
[22] Van Soest, P.J. and Wine, R.H. (1968). Determination of Lignin and Cellulose in acid detergent fiber with Permanganate. J. of the Associ. Of Official Anal. Chem. Int. 52: 780-785.
[23] Reeves, P.G.; Nielsen, F.H. and Fahey, G.C. (1993). AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition Ad HOC writing Committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76 a rodent diet. J. Nutr., 123(12): 1939-1951.
[24] Essam El-Din, Maha, M. (2012). The protective effect of Turnip leaves against oxidative stress induced by high cholesterol diet in adult rats. World Applied Sciences Journal 20 (1): 154 – 163.
[25] Barham, D. and Trinder, P. (1972). An improved color reagent for the determination of blood glucose by the oxidase system. Analyst. Pp. 142-145.
[26] Rifai, N.; Bacorik, P.S. and Albers, J.J. (1999).Lipids, Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins, In: Burtis CA, Ashwood, E.R., editors. Tietz “Textbook of Clinical Chemistry”. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; p. 809-861.
[27] Bucolo, G. and David H. (1973). Quantitative determination of serum Triglycerides by the use of the enzyme. Clin. Chem. 19: 475.
[28] Assmann, G. (1979).Cholesterol determination in high density lipoproteins separated by three different methods. Internist. 20: 559-604.
[29] Tomas L. (1998a).Clinical laboratory diagnostics. 1st ed. Frankfurt: TH – Books verlagsgesellschft; p. 208-214.
[30] Tomas L. (1998b).Clinical laboratory diagnostics. 1st ed. Frankfurt: TH – Books verlagsgesellschft; p. 366-374.
[31] Tietz, N.W. (1990). Clinical guide to Laboratory tests. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 566.
[32] Moss, D.W. and Henderson A.R. (1999).Clinical enzymology. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood, E.R., editors. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; p. 617-721.
[33] Abbott, R.D.; Wilson, P.W.; Kannel, W.B. and Castelli, W.P. (1988). High density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol screening, and myocardial infarction. The Framingham Study. Arteriosclerosis, 8, 207–211.
[34] Adeneye, A.A.; Adeyemi, O.O. and Agbaje, E.O. (2010). Anti-obesity and antihyperlipidaemic effect of Hunteria umbellata seed extract in experimental hyperlipidaemia. J. Ethnopharmacol, 130, 307–314.
[35] Azain, M.; Hausman, D.; Sisk, M.; Flat, W. and Jewell, D (2000). Dietary conjugated Linoleic acid reduces rat adipose tissue cell size rather than cell number. J. Nutr., 130: 1548 – 1554.
[36] Bjornheden, T.; Jakubowiez, B.; Lvein, M.; Oden, B.; Eden, S.; Sjostrom, L. and Lonn, M. (2004). Computerized determination of adipocyte size. Obes. Res. 12: 95 – 105.
[37] Banchroft, J.D., Stevens, A. and Turner, D.R. (1996). Theory and practice Of Histological Techniques. Fourth Ed. Churchil Livingstone, New York, London, San Francisco, Tokyo.
[38] Shad AA; Shah HU; Bakht J; Choudhary MI and Ullah J (2011). Nutraceutical potential and bioassay of Apiumgraveolens L. grown in Khyber Pakhtunhwa-Pakistan. J. Med. Plant Research 5(20), pp. 5160 – 5166.
[39] Chang S-C; Lee M-S; Li C-H and Chen M-L (1995). Dietary fiber content and composition of vegetables in Taiwan area. Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr. 4: 204 – 210.
[40] Martínez S; Pérez N; Carballo J and Franco I (2013). Effect of blanching methods and frozen storage on some quality parameters of turnip greens (“grelos”). LWT- Food Science and Technology 51, pp. 383 – 392.
[41] Lisiewska, Z., Kmiecik, W., and S1upski, J. (2004). Contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids in frozen dill: effect of usable part and pre-treatment on the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in frozen dill (AnethumgraveolensL.), depending on the time and temperature of storage. Food Chemistry, 84, 511- 518.
[42] Ismail, A., Marjan, Z. M., and Foong, C. W. (2004). Total antioxidant activity and phenolic content in selected vegetables. Food Chemistry, 87, 581 - 586.
[43] Gebczyński, P., & Kmiecik, W. (2006). Effects of traditional and modified technology, in the production of frozen cauliflower, on the contents of selected antioxidative compounds. Food Chemistry, 101, 229 - 235.
[44] Turkmen, N., Sari, F., and Velioglu, Y. S. (2005). The effect of cooking methods on total phenolics and antioxidant activity of selected green vegetables. Food Chemistry, 93, 713 - 718.
[45] Stewart, A. J., Bozonnet, S., Mullen, W., Jenkins, G. I., Lean, M. E. J., and Crozier, A. (2000). Occurrence of flavonols in tomatoes and tomato-based products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 2663 - 2669.
[46] Nicoli, M. C., Anese, M., and Parpinel, M. (1999). Influence of processing on the antioxidant properties of fruit and vegetables. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 10, 94 - 100.
[47] Azuma, K., Ippoushi, K., Ito, H., Higashio, H., and Terao, J. (1999). Evaluation of antioxidative activity of vegetable extracts in linoleic acid emulsion and phospholipid bilayers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 79, 2010 - 2016.
[48] Podsedek, A. (2007).“Natural antioxidants and antioxidant capacity of Brassica vegetables: A review.” LWT-Food Science and Technology, 40; 1–11.
[49] Gregorio SR; Areas MA and Reyes FG (2001). Dietary fiber and cardiovascular disease. Nutrition, 22: 109 – 120.
[50] Jahangir M; Kim HK; Choi YH and Verpoorte R (2009). Health-Affecting compounds in Brassicaceae. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Saf., 8: 31 – 43.
[51] Padilla G; Cartea ME; Velasco P; Haro A and Ordas A (2007). Variation of glucosinolates in vegetables crops of Brassicarapa. Phytochemistry, 68: 536 – 545.
[52] Tarka M and Mithen R (2008). Glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and human health. Phytochemistry Reviews, 8: 293 – 298.
[53] Behall K; Scholfield D and Hallfrisch J (2004). Diets containing barley significantly reduce lipids in mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80: 1185 – 1193.
[54] Andersson M, Ellegård L, Andersson H. (2002). Oat bran stimulates bile acid synthesis within 8 h as measured by 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. Am J Clin Nutr, 76: 1111– 1116.
[55] Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Leeds AR, Gassull MA, Haisman P, Dilawari J, Goff DV; Metz GL and Alberti KG (1978). Dietary fibers, fiber analogues, and glucose tolerance: importance of viscosity. Br Med J; 1: 1392-1397.
[56] Maria EC; Marta F; Pilar S. and Pablo V (2011). Phenolic compounds in Brassicavegetables. Molecules, 16: 251 – 280.
[57] Fatima F; Patricia V; Carla S; Jose A and Rosa M (2007). Chemical and antioxidantive assessment of dietary turnip (Brassica rapa var rapa L.). Food Chemistry, 105(3): 1003 – 1010.
[58] Tsi, D. and Tan, B.K. (2000). The mechanism underling the hypocholesterolemic activity of celery extract (aqueous and butanol extracts) in genetically hypercholesterolemic (RICO) rats. Life Sci., 14: 755 – 767.
[59] Belal, NM (2011). Hepatoprotective Effect of Feeding Celery Leaves Mixed with Chicory Leaves and Barley Grains to Hypercholesterolemic Rats. Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 1992-1470.
[60] Alauhaibani, Amnah MA (2013). Antioxidant activity of celery in vitro and vivo. Journal of American Science, 9 (6): 459 – 465.
[61] Hertog, M.G.; Feskens, E.J.; Hollman, P.C.; Katan, M.B. and Kromhout, D. (1993). Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet, 342, 1007–1011.
[62] Lim, DW; Kim, YT; Yang, Y-J; Kim, Y-E and Han, D (2013). Anti-obesity Effect of Artemisiacapillaris Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Molecules, 18, 9241 – 9252.
[63] Lafontan, M. and Langin, D. (2009). Lipolysis and lipid mobilization in human adipose tissue. Prog. Lipid. Res., 48, 275–297.
[64] Jo, J.; Gavrilova, O.; Pack, S.; Jou, W.; Mullen, S.; Sumner, A.E.; Cushman, S.W.; Periwal, V. (2009) Hypertrophy and/or Hyperplasia: Dynamics of Adipose Tissue Growth. PLos Comput. Biol.5, e1000324.
[65] Loncar, D.; Afzelius, B.A. and Cannon, B. (1988). Epididymal white adipose tissue after cold stress in rats. I. Non-mitochondrial changes. J. Ultrastruct. Mol. Struct. Res., 101, 109–122.
[66] Cerd´a, B. ; Ceron, J.J. ; Tomas-Barberan, F.A. and Espin, J.C. (2003). Repeated oral administration of high doses of pomegranate ellagitannin punicalagin to rats for 37 days is not toxic. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 3493.
Author Information
  • Special Food and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Salem Amany AbdEl-Fattah. (2014). Biochemical and Nutritional Impact of Celery and Turnip Leaves on Induced Obese by High Fat Diet (HFD). Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(6), 285-302. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.17

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Salem Amany AbdEl-Fattah. Biochemical and Nutritional Impact of Celery and Turnip Leaves on Induced Obese by High Fat Diet (HFD). J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(6), 285-302. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.17

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Salem Amany AbdEl-Fattah. Biochemical and Nutritional Impact of Celery and Turnip Leaves on Induced Obese by High Fat Diet (HFD). J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(6):285-302. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.17

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.17,
      author = {Salem Amany AbdEl-Fattah},
      title = {Biochemical and Nutritional Impact of Celery and Turnip Leaves on Induced Obese by High Fat Diet (HFD)},
      journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {285-302},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.17},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140206.17},
      abstract = {The high fiber diet is reported to have substantial health benefits such as anti-obesity. So, this study evaluated the effect of celery and turnip leaves on high fat diet (HFD) induced-obese rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 4 weeks old divided 6 groups: G1, fed on basal diet and G2 fed on HFD during the nutritional experimental period, G3 fed on HFD with oral administrated water extract of celery, G4 fed on HFD with oral administrated water extract of turnip leaves, G5 and G6 fed on HFD containing fresh blanch of celery and turnip leaves (as 5% fiber content), respectively for 7 weeks. Finally, at the end of experimental period the blood samples were collected. Rats were weighted, killed and organs were removed. Histopathological and adipose tissue tests were evaluated. Results: Generally, the results showed that the treated rats by celery and turnip leaves had significant decrease in body weight gain and feed intake compared to positive control. Also, celery and turnip leaves had significant decrease in TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C.Similarly, celery and turnip leaves caused reductions in the atherogenic index and coronary risk index (AI and CRI). The liver and kidney functions were decreased when rats fed on HFD with celery and turnip leaves compared to positive control. And rats fed on celery and turnip leaves diets had significant increase in fasting insulin concentration compared to positive control. Concerning histopathological findings; the HFD group had a high changes in liver and kidney. The rats fed on HFD with water extract of both celery and turnip leaves had normal aorta, while some changes in liver and kidney were detected. The rats fed on HFD with 5% as fiber from turnip leaves had a few changes in liver and kidney. The rats feeding on HFD with fresh blanch celery had the lowest weight of total adipose tissue mass and no. of pad cell. Conclusion: using vegetables caused decrease in serum lipid profile, loss body weight, reductions in AI, CRIand prevent the accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) in rats. Also, it is a good sources of fiber and bioactive compounds which using as functional compounds.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Biochemical and Nutritional Impact of Celery and Turnip Leaves on Induced Obese by High Fat Diet (HFD)
    AU  - Salem Amany AbdEl-Fattah
    Y1  - 2014/12/08
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.17
    T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    SP  - 285
    EP  - 302
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7293
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140206.17
    AB  - The high fiber diet is reported to have substantial health benefits such as anti-obesity. So, this study evaluated the effect of celery and turnip leaves on high fat diet (HFD) induced-obese rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 4 weeks old divided 6 groups: G1, fed on basal diet and G2 fed on HFD during the nutritional experimental period, G3 fed on HFD with oral administrated water extract of celery, G4 fed on HFD with oral administrated water extract of turnip leaves, G5 and G6 fed on HFD containing fresh blanch of celery and turnip leaves (as 5% fiber content), respectively for 7 weeks. Finally, at the end of experimental period the blood samples were collected. Rats were weighted, killed and organs were removed. Histopathological and adipose tissue tests were evaluated. Results: Generally, the results showed that the treated rats by celery and turnip leaves had significant decrease in body weight gain and feed intake compared to positive control. Also, celery and turnip leaves had significant decrease in TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C.Similarly, celery and turnip leaves caused reductions in the atherogenic index and coronary risk index (AI and CRI). The liver and kidney functions were decreased when rats fed on HFD with celery and turnip leaves compared to positive control. And rats fed on celery and turnip leaves diets had significant increase in fasting insulin concentration compared to positive control. Concerning histopathological findings; the HFD group had a high changes in liver and kidney. The rats fed on HFD with water extract of both celery and turnip leaves had normal aorta, while some changes in liver and kidney were detected. The rats fed on HFD with 5% as fiber from turnip leaves had a few changes in liver and kidney. The rats feeding on HFD with fresh blanch celery had the lowest weight of total adipose tissue mass and no. of pad cell. Conclusion: using vegetables caused decrease in serum lipid profile, loss body weight, reductions in AI, CRIand prevent the accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) in rats. Also, it is a good sources of fiber and bioactive compounds which using as functional compounds.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections