Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials

Johnson Joel Theophilus; Atule Rebecca Ashi; Gbashi Sefater; Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

| Peer-Reviewed

Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials

Johnson Joel Theophilus, Atule Rebecca Ashi, Gbashi Sefater, Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 28 January 2015 Accepted: 2 February 2015 Published: 15 February 2015

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials, which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, the local and readily available raw materials were used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings and fish bone. The materials were dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was performed on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 (control) and results revealed that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in carbohydrate and protein, our infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals were found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly (p<0.05) below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino wistar rats, while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight gains were measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced, if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials.

Published in	Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
Page(s)	39-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Formulation, Nutritive-Value, Weight-Gain, Infant-Formulae, Local-Material

References

[1]	James, A.S. (2005). Biological Specification for Food-Principles and Specific Applications, University of TorontoPress, Canada.
[2]	Cameroon, M. and Y. Hofvander, 1971. Manual on Feeding Infants and Young Children, P.A.G. Document; 14: 25-26.
[3]	Berggren, G.G., 1982. Questions and answers about weaning. Food Nutr. Bull., 4: 20-24.
[4]	Sajilata, G., Singhal, R.S. and Kulkarni, P.R. (2002).Weaning foods: A review of the Indian experience. Food Nutr. 23: 208-226.
[5]	Tsai, C.Y., A. Dalby and R.A. Jones, 1975. Lysine and Rombouts, F.M. and M.J.R. Nouts, 1995. Microbial Tryptophan Increase during Germination of Maize Fermentation in the Production of Plant food, J. Seed, Cereal Chem., 52: 356-360. Appl. Bacteriol., 79: 1085-1175.
[6]	Wang, N. and K.J. Daun, 2006. Effect of Variety and Food Fabricated from Fermented Blends of Cereal Crude Protein Content on Nutrients and Antiand Soybean, J. Food Chem., 65: 35-39. nutrients in Lentils (Lens culinaris), J. Food Chem.,
[7]	Iqbal, A., A. Ateeq, I.A. Khalil, S. Perveen and S. Saleemmullah, 2006. Physicochemical Characteristics and Amino Acid Profile of Chickpea Cultivars grown in Pakistan, J. Food Service, 17: 94-101.
[8]	Shewry, P.R. (2007). Improving the protein content and composition of cereal grain. J. Cereal Sci., 46: 239-250.
[9]	AOAC, (2012). Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Analytical Chemists, International 14th Edn, Washington DC, pp: 22: 113-114, 169: 207-208.
[10]	Sothgate, G.K. and Duranin, J.H. (1970). Biological Specification for Food-Principles and Specific Applications, University of Toronto Press, Canada.
[11]	Joslyn, C. A. (1970). Food and Agriculture Organization. World Health Organization bulletin, 15-58.
[12]	Kirk, R.S. and Sawyer, R. (1991). Pearson’s composition and analysis of foods. Longman Scientific and technical. Harllow. Essex.
[13]	Harborne, J.B (1973). Phytochemical methods, London. Chapman and Hall, Ltd. 49.
[14]	Munro, A. and Bassir, D (1969). Oxalates in Nigerian vegetables. West Afr. J. Biol. Applied Chem., 12:14-18.
[15]	Balogoplan, C. (1998). Cassava in food, feed and industry: CRC press incorporation. Florida. 187-189
[16]	Onwuka, G.I. (2005). Food Analysis and Instrumentation. Theory and practice. Naphtali prints Lagos, Nigeria. Pp. 133-137
[17]	Oberleas, D. (1978). Micronutrients in metabolism and diseases. J. Nutr. 20, 56.
[18]	Welkowitz, J., Barry, H.C. & Robert, B. E. (2006). Introductory Statistics for Behavioural Sciences. John Wiley and Sons Publishing: Howard press.
[19]	Potter, N.N. and Hotchkiss, J. H. (997). Food Science. University of Missouri. USA
[20]	Osse, J. (1990). Netherland Journal of Zoology. 50 (2) 89-99
[21]	Tindall, K.R. (1994). Introduction to the Chemical Analysis of Foods, International Thomson Publishing, New York, 93-96, 113-115, 137-148. Pak. J. Nutr., 8 (11): 1747-1752, 2009, 1752
[22]	Pamplona, H. E. (2008). Development of Weaning Food Formulations based on Cereal, International J.Food Sci. and Technol., 24-28.
[23]	El-adaway, A.C. (2004). Effect Of Temperature on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Accumulation In Soybean Seeds, Brazilian J. Plant Physiol., 17.
[24]	Mirkovic, I., Charish, k., Gorski, S.M., McKnight, K., Verheyen, E.M. (2002). Drosophilia nemo is an essential gene involved in the regulation of programmed cell death. Mech. Dev. 199(1):9-20.
[25]	FAO, WHO. (1982). Codex Standards for Foods for Special Dietary Uses Including Foods for Infants andChildren and Related Code of Hygienic Practice,
[26]	Akinmutimi, A.H. (2004). Evaluation of sword bean (canavalia gladiata) as an alternative feed source for broiler chiken. Ph.D Thesis. Micheal Opara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
[27]	Akinmutimi, A.H., Ojewola, G.C., Abasiekong, S.F. andOnwudike, O.C (2008). Evaluation toasted, cooked and Akanwu cooked sword beans meal in place of soya bean meal in broiler stater diets. Int. J. poult. Sci. 7(5)480-486
[28]	Umar, M.J. (2006). Improvement of the nutritional quality of a traditional complementary porridge made of fermented yellow maize (Zea mays): effect of maize-legume combinations and traditional processing methods. Food Nutr Bull. 28(1):23-34.
[29]	Publishing, New York, 93-96, 113-115, 137-148. Pak. J. Nutr., 8 (11): 1747-1752, 2009, 1752
[30]	Ngeh-Ngwainbi, J., J. Lin and A. Chandler, 1997. Southgate, D.A.T. and J.V.G.A. Durnin, 1970. Calorie Determination of Total, Saturated, Unsaturated and Conversion Factors. An experimental Monounsaturated Fats In Cereal Products by Acid Reassessment of the Factors Used in the Hydrolysis and Capillary Gas Chromatography: Calculation of the Energy Value of Human Diets, Br. Collaborative Study, J. AOAC Int., 80: 359-372. J. Nutr., 24: 517-535.
[31]	Oduro, I., W. Ellis, A. Sulemana and P. Oti-Boateng, Szalai, G., T. Janda, E. Páldi and J. Dubacq, 2001. 2007. Breakfast Meal from Breadfruit and Soybean Changes In the Fatty Acid Unsaturation after Composite, Discovery and Innovation, 19: 238-242. Hardening in Wheat Chromosome Substitution Protein Advisory Group, 1972. Guidelines of Protein Lines with Different Cold Tolerance, J. Plant Rich Mixture For Use In Weaning Foods. Protein Physiol., 158: 663-666. Advisory Group. New York, 50.
[32]	Sanni, A.I., A.A. Onilude and T.I. Ibidapo, 1999. 1069. Biochemical Composition of Infant Weaning
[33]	Shewry, P.R., 2007. Improving the Protein Content and 95: 493-502
[34]	Onwuka, G.I. (2005). Food Analysis and Instrumentation. Theory and practice. Naphtali prints Lagos, Nigeria. Pp. 133-137
[35]	Kirk, R.S. and Sawyer, R. (1991). Pearson’s composition and analysis of foods. Longman Scientific and technical. Harllow. Essex.
[36]	Balogoplan, C. (1998). Cassava in food, feed and industry: CRC press incorporation. Florida. 187-189
[37]	Munro, A. and Bassir, D (1969). Oxalates in Nigerian vegetables. West Afr. J. Biol. Applied Chem., 12:14-18.
[38]	Osse, J. (1990). Netherland Journal of Zoology. 50 (2) 89-99
[39]	Potter, N.N. and Hotchkiss, J. H. (997). Food Science. University of Missouri. USA
[40]	Mirkovic, I., Charish, k., Gorski, S.M., McKnight, K., Verheyen, E.M. (2002). Drosophilia nemo is an essential gene involved in the regulation of programmed cell death. Mech. Dev. 199(1):9-20.
[41]	Akinmutimi, A.H. (2004). Evaluation of sword bean (canavalia gladiata) as an alternative feed source for broiler chiken. Ph.D Thesis. Micheal Opara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
[42]	Akinmutimi, A.H., Ojewola, G.C., Abasiekong, S.F. andOnwudike, O.C (2008). Evaluation toasted, cooked and Akanwu cooked sword beans meal in place of soya bean meal in broiler stater diets. Int. J. poult. Sci. 7(5)480-486
[43]	Lu, H., Zhang, J., Liu, K.B., Wu, N., Li, Y., Zhou, K., Ye, M., Zhang, T. (2009). “Earliest domestigation of common millet (pannicum miliaceum) in East Asia extended to 10,000 years ago”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (18): 7367–72
[44]	McDonough, C. M., Rooney, L. W., and Serna-Saldivar, S. O. (2000). "The Millets"; Food Science and Technology: Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology
[45]	Piperno, D.R., Ranere, A.J., Holst, I. (2009). Starch grain and phytolith evidence for early ninth millennium B.P. maize from the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106(13):5019-5024.
[46]	Kean, E.G., Hamaker, B.R. and Ferruzzi MG. (2008). Carotenoid bioaccessibility from whole grain and degermed maize meal products. J Agric Food Chem. 56(21): 9918-9926.
[47]	Ranilla, .LG., Apostolidis, E., Genovese, M.I. (2009). Evaluation of indigenous grains from the Peruvian Andean region for antidiabetes and antihypertension potential using in vitro methods. J Med Food. 12(4):704-713. 2009.
[48]	Umar, M.J. (2006). Improvement of the nutritional quality of a traditional complementary porridge made of fermented yellow maize (Zea mays): effect of maize-legume combinations and traditional processing methods. Food Nutr Bull. 28(1):23-34.
[49]	Bodi, Z. (2008). Ferric ion reducing antioxidant capacity of yellow maize genotypes (Zea mays L. convarietas dentiformis). Növénytermelés (Crop Production) Tom. 3:236-241.
[50]	Anonymous. (1974). Biological Specification for Food-principles and Specific Applications. University of Toronto Press, Canada.
[51]	Berggren, G.G. (1982). Questions and answers about weaning. Food Nutr., 4: 20-24.
[52]	Cameroon, M. and Y., Hofvander, (1971). Manual on Feeding Infants and Young Children.
[53]	Harper, L. (2003). Development of weaning food formulations based on cereal. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol.,3: 24-28.
[54]	Iqbal, A. A., Ateeq, I.A., Khalil, S., and Saleemmullah, S. (2006). Physicochemical characteristics and amino acid profile of chickpea cultivars grown in Pakistan. Foodservice Res. Int.; 17: 94-101.
[55]	Lanna, A.C., Jose, I.C., Oliveira, M.G., Barros, E.G. and Moreira, M.A. (2005). Effect of temperature on polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in soybean seeds. Braz. J. Plant Physiol., 17: 213-222.
[56]	Nelson, S.S. (1992). Introduction to the Chemical Analysis of Foods. International Thomson Publishing, New York, Pp: 93-96.
[57]	Ngeh-Ngwainbi, J., Lin, J and Chandler, A. (1997). Determination of total, saturated, unsaturated and monounsaturated fats in cereal products by acid hydrolysis and capillary gas chromatography. J. AOAC Int., 80: 359-372.
[58]	Oduro, I., Ellis, W., Sulemana, A. and Oti-Boateng, P. (2007). Breakfast meal from breadfruit and soybean composite. Discovery Innovat., 19: 238-242.
[59]	Rombouts, F.M. and Nout, M.J.R. (1995). Microbial fermentation in the production of plant foods. J. Applied Bacteriol., 179: 1085-1175.
[60]	Sanni, A.I., Onilude, A.A. and Ibidapo, T.I. (1999). Biochemical composition of infant weaning food fabricated from fermented blends of cereal and soybean. Food Chem., 65: 35-39.
[61]	Shewry, P.R. (2007). Improving the protein content and composition of cereal grain. J. Cereal Sci., 46: 239-250.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Johnson Joel Theophilus, Atule Rebecca Ashi, Gbashi Sefater, Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. (2015). Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Johnson Joel Theophilus; Atule Rebecca Ashi; Gbashi Sefater; Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2015, 3(1), 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Johnson Joel Theophilus, Atule Rebecca Ashi, Gbashi Sefater, Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. J Food Nutr Sci. 2015;3(1):39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16,
  author = {Johnson Joel Theophilus and Atule Rebecca Ashi and Gbashi Sefater and Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph},
  title = {Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20150301.16},
  abstract = {The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials, which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, the local and readily available raw materials were used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings and fish bone. The materials were dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was performed on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 (control) and results revealed that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in carbohydrate and protein, our infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals were found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly (p<0.05) below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino wistar rats, while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight gains were measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced, if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials
AU  - Johnson Joel Theophilus
AU  - Atule Rebecca Ashi
AU  - Gbashi Sefater
AU  - Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph
Y1  - 2015/02/15
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
AB  - The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials, which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, the local and readily available raw materials were used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings and fish bone. The materials were dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was performed on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 (control) and results revealed that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in carbohydrate and protein, our infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals were found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly (p<0.05) below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino wistar rats, while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight gains were measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced, if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Johnson Joel Theophilus

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Yenagoa, Nigeria
Atule Rebecca Ashi

Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences University of Mkar, Mkar, Gboko Benue State, Nigeria
Gbashi Sefater

Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Yenagoa, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Johnson Joel Theophilus, Atule Rebecca Ashi, Gbashi Sefater, Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. (2015). Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Johnson Joel Theophilus; Atule Rebecca Ashi; Gbashi Sefater; Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2015, 3(1), 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Johnson Joel Theophilus, Atule Rebecca Ashi, Gbashi Sefater, Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph. Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials. J Food Nutr Sci. 2015;3(1):39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16,
  author = {Johnson Joel Theophilus and Atule Rebecca Ashi and Gbashi Sefater and Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph},
  title = {Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20150301.16},
  abstract = {The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials, which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, the local and readily available raw materials were used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings and fish bone. The materials were dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was performed on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 (control) and results revealed that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in carbohydrate and protein, our infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals were found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly (p<0.05) below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino wistar rats, while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight gains were measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced, if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Formulation, Nutritive Value Assessment and Effect on Weight Gain of Infant Formulae Prepared from Locally Available Materials
AU  - Johnson Joel Theophilus
AU  - Atule Rebecca Ashi
AU  - Gbashi Sefater
AU  - Ogbolosingha Atieme Joseph
Y1  - 2015/02/15
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20150301.16
AB  - The widespread problem of infant malnutrition in developing countries has stirred efforts in research, development and extension by both local and international organizations. As a result, the formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials, which are cost effective has become imperative in many developing countries. Thus, the local and readily available raw materials were used to compound and develop nutritious new infant formulae. The materials used for this study include maize, millet, cowpea, pumpkin, fingerlings and fish bone. The materials were dried and blended to powder. The powders were weighed in the ratio of 4:4:4:3:1:1 respectively and were then mixed properly. Analysis of nutritive value was performed on the formulae and compared with NAN-2 (control) and results revealed that the formulae had reasonable amount of moisture, lipids, carbohydrate, protein and fibre. Although NAN-2 was superior in carbohydrate and protein, our infant formula was higher in mineral elements, vitamins, fibre and lipids. All the essentials vitamins and both macro and micro minerals were found in appreciable quantity capable of meeting the biochemical and physiological demand of the body while the anti-nutrients composition were significantly (p<0.05) below FAO and WHO safe limits. Finally, the compounded infant formulae was feed to a set of albino wistar rats, while some other set of rats was feed with NAN-2 for the period of twenty seven (27) days and body weight gains were measure at three days intervals. The results of body weight changes was spectacular as their body weight over shot or almost double that of those animals that were feed with NAN-2 at each point of measurement. The results suggest that the widespread problem of infant malnutrition in the developing world especially among the low income segment of the society can now be reduced, if not totally eradicated since nutritive and cost effective weaning formulae can be prepared locally from common readily available materials.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download