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Effects of Sodium Chlorite on Browning and Microbial Growth of Fresh-Cut ‘Green Oak’ Lettuce

Received: 2 March 2015    Accepted: 2 March 2015    Published: 18 March 2015
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Abstract

The main problem of fresh-cut lettuce is browning at the cut surface and microbial contamination, which results in short shelf life. The effect of sodium chlorite (SC) on browning reduction and microbial growth on fresh-cut ‘Green oak’ lettuce salad was investigated. Green oak lettuce was washed with tap water before cutting into 3 cm of length. The samples were immediately immersed the cold solutions (4 °C) of 50 and 100 ppm SC for 1 min. The cold filtered water treatment was used as the control. The excess solution was removed by manual spindle. The treated samples were packed in polypropylene tray, top heated seal with polypropylene film, and then kept at 4 °C for 8 days. The results showed 100 ppm SC was the best concentration to reduce browning, the growth of E. coli and coliforms, and delay the increase of weight loss in fresh-cut green oak, whereas it did not have any effects on the growth of total aerobe bacteria, yeasts and molds, and firmness of fresh-cut green oak. This result implies that SC solution may be alternative substance to against browning and the growth of E. coli and coliforms in fresh-cut produce.

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1-2)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Processing and Food Quality

DOI 10.11648/j.jfns.s.2015030102.43
Page(s) 171-176
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Browning, Fresh-Cut, Sodium Chlorite, Microbial Growth, Vegetables

References
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[2] Allende, A., McEvoy, J., Tao, Y., & Luo, Y. (2009). Antimicrobial effect of acidified sodium chlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite, and citric acid on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and natural microflora of fresh-cut cilantro. Food Control, 20, 230-234.
[3] Altunkaya, A,, & Gökmen, V., (2009). Effect of various anti-browning agents on phenolic compounds profile of fresh lettuce (L. sativa). Food Chemistry, 117, 122-126.
[4] Chen, Z., Zhu, C., Zhang, Y., Niu, D., Du, J., (2010). Effects of aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment on enzymatic browning and shelf-life of fresh-cut asparagus lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 58, 232-238.
[5] Degl’Innocenti, E., Pardossi, A., Tognoni, F., & Guidi, L. (2007). Physiological basis of sensitivity to enzymatic browning in ‘lettuce’, ‘escarole’ and ‘rocket salad’ when stored as fresh-cut products. Food Chemistry, 104, 209-215.
[6] Gómez-López, V.M., Ragaert, P., Jeyachchandran. V., Debevere, J., & Devlieghere, F., (2008). Shelf-life of minimally processed lettuce and cabbage treated with gaseous chlorine dioxide and cysteine. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 121, 74 - 83.
[7] He, Q., Luo, Y., & Chen, P. (2008). Elucidation of the mechanism of enzymatic browning inhibition by sodium chlorite. Food Chemistry, 110, 847-851.
[8] Ibrahim, R., Osman, A., Saari, N., & Rahman, R.A. (2004). Effects of anti-browning treatments on the storage quality of minimally processed shredded cabbage. Food, Agriculture & Environment, 2, 54-58.
[9] Keskinen, L. A., Burke, A., & Annous, B.A. (2009). Efficacy of chlorine, acidic electrolyzed water and aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions to decontaminate Escherichia coli O157:H7 from lettuce leaves. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 132, 134- 140.
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[12] Luo, Y., Nou, X., Yang, Y., Alegre, I., Turner, E., Feng, H., Abadias, M., & Conway, W. (2011). Determination of free chlorine concentrations needed to prevent Escherichia coli O157:H7 cross-contamination during fresh-cut produce wash. Journal of Food Protection, 74, 352-358.
[13] Manolopoulou, E., & Varzakas, T.H. (2013). Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) on the Quality of ‘Ready-To-Eat’ Shredded Cabbage. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 2, 30-43.
[14] Martin-Diana, A.B., Rico, D., Barry-Ryan, C., Frias, J.M., Mulcahy, J., & Henehan, G.T.M. (2005). Calcium lactate washing treatments for salad-cut Iceberg lettuce: effect of temperature and concentration on quality retention parameters. Food Research International, 38, 729-740.
[15] McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R. & Otwell, W.S. (1992). Inhibition of enzymatic browning in foods and beverages, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 32, 253-273.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Daneeya Hengphum, Apiradee Uthairatanakij, Panida Boonyaritthongchai, Nutthachai Pongprasert, Pongphen Jitareerat. (2015). Effects of Sodium Chlorite on Browning and Microbial Growth of Fresh-Cut ‘Green Oak’ Lettuce. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(1-2), 171-176. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.s.2015030102.43

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    ACS Style

    Daneeya Hengphum; Apiradee Uthairatanakij; Panida Boonyaritthongchai; Nutthachai Pongprasert; Pongphen Jitareerat. Effects of Sodium Chlorite on Browning and Microbial Growth of Fresh-Cut ‘Green Oak’ Lettuce. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2015, 3(1-2), 171-176. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.s.2015030102.43

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    AMA Style

    Daneeya Hengphum, Apiradee Uthairatanakij, Panida Boonyaritthongchai, Nutthachai Pongprasert, Pongphen Jitareerat. Effects of Sodium Chlorite on Browning and Microbial Growth of Fresh-Cut ‘Green Oak’ Lettuce. J Food Nutr Sci. 2015;3(1-2):171-176. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.s.2015030102.43

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jfns.s.2015030102.43,
      author = {Daneeya Hengphum and Apiradee Uthairatanakij and Panida Boonyaritthongchai and Nutthachai Pongprasert and Pongphen Jitareerat},
      title = {Effects of Sodium Chlorite on Browning and Microbial Growth of Fresh-Cut ‘Green Oak’ Lettuce},
      journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {1-2},
      pages = {171-176},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.s.2015030102.43},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.s.2015030102.43},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.s.2015030102.43},
      abstract = {The main problem of fresh-cut lettuce is browning at the cut surface and microbial contamination, which results in short shelf life. The effect of sodium chlorite (SC) on browning reduction and microbial growth on fresh-cut ‘Green oak’ lettuce salad was investigated. Green oak lettuce was washed with tap water before cutting into 3 cm of length. The samples were immediately immersed the cold solutions (4 °C) of 50 and 100 ppm SC for 1 min. The cold filtered water treatment was used as the control. The excess solution was removed by manual spindle. The treated samples were packed in polypropylene tray, top heated seal with polypropylene film, and then kept at 4 °C for 8 days. The results showed 100 ppm SC was the best concentration to reduce browning, the growth of E. coli and coliforms, and delay the increase of weight loss in fresh-cut green oak, whereas it did not have any effects on the growth of total aerobe bacteria, yeasts and molds, and firmness of fresh-cut green oak. This result implies that SC solution may be alternative substance to against browning and the growth of E. coli and coliforms in fresh-cut produce.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effects of Sodium Chlorite on Browning and Microbial Growth of Fresh-Cut ‘Green Oak’ Lettuce
    AU  - Daneeya Hengphum
    AU  - Apiradee Uthairatanakij
    AU  - Panida Boonyaritthongchai
    AU  - Nutthachai Pongprasert
    AU  - Pongphen Jitareerat
    Y1  - 2015/03/18
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.s.2015030102.43
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.s.2015030102.43
    T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    SP  - 171
    EP  - 176
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7293
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.s.2015030102.43
    AB  - The main problem of fresh-cut lettuce is browning at the cut surface and microbial contamination, which results in short shelf life. The effect of sodium chlorite (SC) on browning reduction and microbial growth on fresh-cut ‘Green oak’ lettuce salad was investigated. Green oak lettuce was washed with tap water before cutting into 3 cm of length. The samples were immediately immersed the cold solutions (4 °C) of 50 and 100 ppm SC for 1 min. The cold filtered water treatment was used as the control. The excess solution was removed by manual spindle. The treated samples were packed in polypropylene tray, top heated seal with polypropylene film, and then kept at 4 °C for 8 days. The results showed 100 ppm SC was the best concentration to reduce browning, the growth of E. coli and coliforms, and delay the increase of weight loss in fresh-cut green oak, whereas it did not have any effects on the growth of total aerobe bacteria, yeasts and molds, and firmness of fresh-cut green oak. This result implies that SC solution may be alternative substance to against browning and the growth of E. coli and coliforms in fresh-cut produce.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 1-2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand; Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand; Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand; Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand; Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand; Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, Thailand

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