Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013

Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska; Katja Popovska; Dragan Gjorgjev; Vesna Kostikj; Branka Petrovska

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13

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Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013

Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska, Katja Popovska, Dragan Gjorgjev, Vesna Kostikj, Branka Petrovska

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 22 April 2014 Accepted: 13 May 2014 Published: 30 May 2014

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Abstract

Backgorund: Humans can be exposed to primary aromatic amines (PAAs) by the usage of a variety of synthetic products which come in contact with food and plastic children toys. PAAs are mainly originated from synthetic azo dyes widely applied as colorants on plastics and also from the use of adhesives based on polyurethanes (PU) in laminated food packing materials. Legislation introduced in the European Union countries limiting the migration level of PAAs into foodstuffs is 0.01 mg/kg. Aim: To establishing method for routine examination of PAAs in items made of plastics that come into direct contact with food and plastic toys. Material and Methods: Quantitative determination of sum of PAAs, expressed as aniline on 727 items of which 363 plastic toys, and 364 plastic containers, plastic utensils and plastic items that come in direct contact with food. Was using spectrophotometric method based on diazotisation of PAAs and subsequent coupling of the obtained diazonium salts with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride. Resultes: Calibration was carried out using known amounts of aniline hydrochloride as standard. Detection limit (DL) and quantification limit (QL) evaluated for direct spectrophotometric method amounted to 0,000715 mg/l and 0,002165 mg/l, respectively. Only 6 tested samples were not correct in terms of increased concentration of PAAs in simulant solution. From the faulty samples 4 were toys, and 2 black kitchen sets which coming in contact with food. Conclusion: Requires increased sanitary inspection market, amid frequent occurrence of PAAs in plastic kitchen utensils, especially kitchen utensils in black and children toys made in China.

Published in	Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13
Page(s)	63-67
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Food Contact Materials (FCM), Toys, Primary Aromatic Amines (PAAs), Migration, Safety

References

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[2]	Castle L. (2000) Chemical migration from food packaging. :U Food chemical safety-Volume 1 Contaminants (Watson D. H. ured.), CRC Press LLC, Boston str. 193-217.
[3]	Franz R.; Stormer A. (2008) Migration of Plastic Constituens. U: Plastic Packaging- Second Edition (Baner A., Piringer O., ured.), Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, Verlag GmbH &Co., str. 349-417.
[4]	Directive 2002/72/EC. Commission Directive of 6 August 2002 relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs (09.11.2009). Official Journal of the European Union L 072 (2009) p. 006.001-1 - 006.001-78.
[5]	Morrison R.T., Boyd R.N. (1992) Organic Chemistry, 6.izd., Prentice Hall, New Jersey
[6]	Petersen, J. (2003) Migration of Compounds from Food Contact Materials and Articles. U: j., Food Safety: Contaminants and Toxins, (D'Mello F.P.J.,ured.), CAB International, Edinburgh, str. 271-292.
[7]	Leber A.P. (2001) Human exposures to monomers resulting from consumer contact with polymers. Chemico-Biological Interactions , 135-136, 215-220.
[8]	Muncke J. (2009) Exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds via the food chain: Is packaging a relevant source? Science of the Total Environment, 407 (16), 4549–4559.
[9]	Vergnaud J.M. (1998). Problems encountered for food safety with polymer packages: chemical exchange, recycling. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 78 (3), 267-297 96 97 98 99.
[10]	Bustos J.,Sendón J.,Sánchez J.J.,Paseiro P.,Cirugeda M.E. (2009) Migration of ε-caprolactam from nylon cooking utensils: validation of a liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method. European Food Research and Technology, 230 (2), 303-313
[11]	W.Kolado and M.Balcerzak The examination of migration of primary aromatic amines from laminated plastic food packaging materials into food stimulants by spectrofotometric method. Acta Alimetaria, Vol.38(1), pp. 45-54 (2009)
[12]	Commision Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food
[13]	Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research (DFVF). (2004) Memorandum for the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration: Subject: An acute case of primary aromatic amines migrating from cooking utensils. Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research (DFVF), Dennmark.
[14]	Validation of Analytical Procedure, Methodology, Step 4, Consennsus, ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline, ICH Topic Q2(R1) (2005)
[15]	Validation of Analytical Methods, Definition and Terminology, ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline, ICH Topic Q2(R1) (2005)
[16]	Perharic L.,Golja V., Zoric A., Luci M. (2006) Primary aromatic amines in kitchen utensils in Slovenia. Toxicology Letters, 164, 278-279.
[17]	The measurement of PAAs in aqua food stimulants. Amtliche Sammlung von Untersuchungsverfahren nach § 35 LMBG (Lebensmittel- und Bedarfsgegen ständegesetz)’’, part 1/1, L 00.00-6, Beuth Berlag GmbH, Berlin, Koln, (1990).

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APA Style

Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska, Katja Popovska, Dragan Gjorgjev, Vesna Kostikj, Branka Petrovska. (2014). Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(3), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13

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ACS Style

Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska; Katja Popovska; Dragan Gjorgjev; Vesna Kostikj; Branka Petrovska. Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(3), 63-67. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13

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AMA Style

Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska, Katja Popovska, Dragan Gjorgjev, Vesna Kostikj, Branka Petrovska. Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(3):63-67. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13,
  author = {Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska and Katja Popovska and Dragan Gjorgjev and Vesna Kostikj and Branka Petrovska},
  title = {Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {63-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140203.13},
  abstract = {Backgorund: Humans can be exposed to primary aromatic amines (PAAs) by the usage of a variety of synthetic products which come in contact with food and plastic children toys. PAAs are mainly originated from synthetic azo dyes widely applied as colorants on plastics and also from the use of adhesives based on polyurethanes (PU) in laminated food packing materials. Legislation introduced in the European Union countries limiting the migration level of PAAs into foodstuffs is 0.01 mg/kg. Aim: To establishing method for routine examination of PAAs in items made of plastics that come into direct contact with food and plastic toys. Material and Methods: Quantitative determination of sum of PAAs, expressed as aniline on 727 items of which 363 plastic toys, and 364 plastic containers, plastic utensils and plastic items that come in direct contact with food. Was using spectrophotometric method based on diazotisation of PAAs and subsequent coupling of the obtained diazonium salts with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride. Resultes: Calibration was carried out using known amounts of aniline hydrochloride as standard. Detection limit (DL) and quantification limit (QL) evaluated for direct spectrophotometric method amounted to 0,000715 mg/l and 0,002165 mg/l, respectively. Only 6 tested samples were not correct in terms of increased concentration of PAAs in simulant solution. From the faulty samples 4 were toys, and 2 black kitchen sets which coming in contact with food. Conclusion: Requires increased sanitary inspection market, amid frequent occurrence of PAAs in plastic kitchen utensils, especially kitchen utensils in black and children toys made in China.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013
AU  - Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska
AU  - Katja Popovska
AU  - Dragan Gjorgjev
AU  - Vesna Kostikj
AU  - Branka Petrovska
Y1  - 2014/05/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 63
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13
AB  - Backgorund: Humans can be exposed to primary aromatic amines (PAAs) by the usage of a variety of synthetic products which come in contact with food and plastic children toys. PAAs are mainly originated from synthetic azo dyes widely applied as colorants on plastics and also from the use of adhesives based on polyurethanes (PU) in laminated food packing materials. Legislation introduced in the European Union countries limiting the migration level of PAAs into foodstuffs is 0.01 mg/kg. Aim: To establishing method for routine examination of PAAs in items made of plastics that come into direct contact with food and plastic toys. Material and Methods: Quantitative determination of sum of PAAs, expressed as aniline on 727 items of which 363 plastic toys, and 364 plastic containers, plastic utensils and plastic items that come in direct contact with food. Was using spectrophotometric method based on diazotisation of PAAs and subsequent coupling of the obtained diazonium salts with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride. Resultes: Calibration was carried out using known amounts of aniline hydrochloride as standard. Detection limit (DL) and quantification limit (QL) evaluated for direct spectrophotometric method amounted to 0,000715 mg/l and 0,002165 mg/l, respectively. Only 6 tested samples were not correct in terms of increased concentration of PAAs in simulant solution. From the faulty samples 4 were toys, and 2 black kitchen sets which coming in contact with food. Conclusion: Requires increased sanitary inspection market, amid frequent occurrence of PAAs in plastic kitchen utensils, especially kitchen utensils in black and children toys made in China.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska

Institute for Public Health of Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Katja Popovska

Institute of Microbiology and parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University “Ss Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Dragan Gjorgjev

Institute for Public Health of Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Vesna Kostikj

Institute for Public Health of Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Branka Petrovska

Institute for Public Health of Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

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APA Style

Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska, Katja Popovska, Dragan Gjorgjev, Vesna Kostikj, Branka Petrovska. (2014). Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(3), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13

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ACS Style

Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska; Katja Popovska; Dragan Gjorgjev; Vesna Kostikj; Branka Petrovska. Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(3), 63-67. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13

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AMA Style

Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska, Katja Popovska, Dragan Gjorgjev, Vesna Kostikj, Branka Petrovska. Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(3):63-67. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13,
  author = {Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska and Katja Popovska and Dragan Gjorgjev and Vesna Kostikj and Branka Petrovska},
  title = {Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {63-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140203.13},
  abstract = {Backgorund: Humans can be exposed to primary aromatic amines (PAAs) by the usage of a variety of synthetic products which come in contact with food and plastic children toys. PAAs are mainly originated from synthetic azo dyes widely applied as colorants on plastics and also from the use of adhesives based on polyurethanes (PU) in laminated food packing materials. Legislation introduced in the European Union countries limiting the migration level of PAAs into foodstuffs is 0.01 mg/kg. Aim: To establishing method for routine examination of PAAs in items made of plastics that come into direct contact with food and plastic toys. Material and Methods: Quantitative determination of sum of PAAs, expressed as aniline on 727 items of which 363 plastic toys, and 364 plastic containers, plastic utensils and plastic items that come in direct contact with food. Was using spectrophotometric method based on diazotisation of PAAs and subsequent coupling of the obtained diazonium salts with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride. Resultes: Calibration was carried out using known amounts of aniline hydrochloride as standard. Detection limit (DL) and quantification limit (QL) evaluated for direct spectrophotometric method amounted to 0,000715 mg/l and 0,002165 mg/l, respectively. Only 6 tested samples were not correct in terms of increased concentration of PAAs in simulant solution. From the faulty samples 4 were toys, and 2 black kitchen sets which coming in contact with food. Conclusion: Requires increased sanitary inspection market, amid frequent occurrence of PAAs in plastic kitchen utensils, especially kitchen utensils in black and children toys made in China.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Health Safety on Plastic Materials that Come into Contact with Food and Children Toys about Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines Examination in IPH- Skopje in Period 01.012013 – 31.12.2013
AU  - Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska
AU  - Katja Popovska
AU  - Dragan Gjorgjev
AU  - Vesna Kostikj
AU  - Branka Petrovska
Y1  - 2014/05/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 63
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.13
AB  - Backgorund: Humans can be exposed to primary aromatic amines (PAAs) by the usage of a variety of synthetic products which come in contact with food and plastic children toys. PAAs are mainly originated from synthetic azo dyes widely applied as colorants on plastics and also from the use of adhesives based on polyurethanes (PU) in laminated food packing materials. Legislation introduced in the European Union countries limiting the migration level of PAAs into foodstuffs is 0.01 mg/kg. Aim: To establishing method for routine examination of PAAs in items made of plastics that come into direct contact with food and plastic toys. Material and Methods: Quantitative determination of sum of PAAs, expressed as aniline on 727 items of which 363 plastic toys, and 364 plastic containers, plastic utensils and plastic items that come in direct contact with food. Was using spectrophotometric method based on diazotisation of PAAs and subsequent coupling of the obtained diazonium salts with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride. Resultes: Calibration was carried out using known amounts of aniline hydrochloride as standard. Detection limit (DL) and quantification limit (QL) evaluated for direct spectrophotometric method amounted to 0,000715 mg/l and 0,002165 mg/l, respectively. Only 6 tested samples were not correct in terms of increased concentration of PAAs in simulant solution. From the faulty samples 4 were toys, and 2 black kitchen sets which coming in contact with food. Conclusion: Requires increased sanitary inspection market, amid frequent occurrence of PAAs in plastic kitchen utensils, especially kitchen utensils in black and children toys made in China.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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