| Peer-Reviewed

Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerol and Sn -2 Fatty Acids Distributions Variations in Seed Oil from Camellia Cultivars

Received: 17 December 2018    Accepted: 5 January 2019    Published: 28 January 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Camellia seed oil is widely used in the food, health, cosmetics and medicine industries in China. The present study aimed to investigate fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TGAs) and sn-2 fatty acids distributions variations in seed oil from 46 kinds of Camellia cultivars. The predominant fatty acids was oleic acid (18:1ω9) with 71.30% (average). The sn-2 position was mainly occupied by oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid. Fifteen TAGs species were found and the main TAGs were OOO + SLO, OOP and OOL+SLL. The trisaturated TAGs species were not detected. These results indicated significant changes in the profiles of fatty acids, sn-2 position fatty acids and TGAs, and in contents of these in seed oils from different Camellia cultivars (P< 0.05). Saturated fatty acids is not positively related to its distribution in sn-2 position. The data in present paper may be important as a reference for adulteration of camellia seed oil with other oils.

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.jfns.20180606.12
Page(s) 143-153
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Camellia Seed Oil, Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, sn-2 Fatty Acids, Camellia Cultivars

References
[1] J. Ma, H. Ye, Y. Rui, G. Cheng, Zhang, N. Zhang. 2011. Fatty acid composition of Camellia oleifera oil. Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, 6(1),9–12.
[2] A. Birrell. 1999. The Classic of Mountains and Seas. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
[3] M. Sahari, D. Ataii, M. Hamedi. 2004. Characteristics of tea seed oil in comparison with sunflower and olive oils and its effect as a natural antioxidant. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 81(6), 585–588.
[4] P. Vela, C. Salinero, M. J. Sainz. 2013. Phenological growth stages of Camellia japonica. Annals of Applied Biology, 162(2), 182–190.
[5] H. Li, G. Y. Zhou, H. Y. Zhang, J. A. Liu. 2011. Research progress on the health function of tea oil. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research,5(4), 485–489.
[6] C. Chaicharoenpong, A. Petsom. 2011. Use of tea (Camellia oleifera Abel.) seeds in human health. In: V.R. Preedy, R.R. Watson, V.B. Patel, (Eds.), Nuts & Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention. 1st edn. Academic Press, London, Burlington, San Diego, pp.1115–1122.
[7] E. Jung, J. Lee, J. Baek, K. Jung, J. Lee, S. Huh. 2007. Effect of Camellia Japonica oil on human Type I procollagen production and skin barrier function. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112(1),127–131.
[8] L. Chia-Pu, Y. Gow-Chin. 2006. Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Tea Seed (Camellia oleifera Abel.) Oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(3), 779-784.
[9] L. L. Zhang, Y. M. Wang, D. M. Wu, M. Xu, J. H. Chen. 2010. Comparisons of antioxidant activity and total phenolics of Camellia oleifera Abel fruit hull from different regions of China. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(14), 1407–1413.
[10] T. Akihisa, H. Tokuda, M. Ukiya, T. Suzuki, F. Enjo, K. Koike. 2004. 3- Epicabraleahydroxylactone and other triterpenoids from camellia oil and their inhibitory effects on epstein-barr virus activation. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo),52(1), 153–156.
[11] C. P. Lee, P.H. Shih, C. L. Hsu, G. C. Yen. 2007. Hepatoprotection of tea seed oil (Camellia oleifera Abel.) against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45(6), 888–895.
[12] L. F. Chen, S. H. Qiu, Z. H. Peng. 1998. Effects of sasanguasaponin on blood lipids and subgroups of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in hyper lipoidemia rat models. Pharmacy Clinical Chinese Material Medicine(Chinese), 14(4), 13–16.
[13] C. G. Fu, P. Zhou. 2003. Camellia oil: A new special type of plant oil. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2, 19–21.
[14] L. Wang, F. S. C. Lee, X. Wang, Y. He. 2006. Feasibility study of quantifying and discriminating soybean oil adulteration in Camellia oils by attenuated total reflectance MIR and fiber optic diffuse reflectance NIR. Food Chemistry, 95(3), 529–536.
[15] L. E. Yahaya, K. O. Adebowale, B. I. Olu-Owalobi, A. R. Menon. 2011. Compositional analysis of tea (Camellia sinensis) seed oil and its application. International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment, 1(2), 153–158.
[16] M. H. Su, M. C. Shih, K. H. Lin. 2014. Chemical composition of seed oils in native Taiwanese Camellia specie. Food Chemistry, 156, 369–373.
[17] F. Xesús, M. E. Leticia, S. Carmen, V. Pilar, J. S. María, P. V. T. María, A. S. Julio. 2013.Triacylglyceride, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Features of Virgin Camellia oleifera, C. reticulata and C. sasanqua Oils. Molecules, 18(4), 4573-4587.
[18] C. Y. Yang, X. M. Liu, Z. Y.Chen, Y. S. Lin, S. Y. Wang. 2016. Comparison of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Camellia oil: A new special type of plant oil. Journal of Lipids, 1, 1-6.
[19] ISO 12966-2. 2011. Animal and vegetable fats and oils -- Gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters -- Part 2: Preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
[20] AOCS Official Method Ch 3-91. 1997. Fatty Acids in the 2-Position in the Triglycerides of Oils and Fats. American Oil Chemists’ Society, Urbana, IL.
[21] AOCS Official Method Ce 5b-89.1997. Triglycerides in Vegetable Oils by HPLC. American Oil Chemists’ Society, Urbana, IL.
[22] X. Q. Wang, Q. M. Zeng, V. Verardo, María del Mar Contreras. 2017. Fatty acid and sterol composition of tea seed oils: Their comparison by the ‘‘FancyTiles” approach. Food Chemistry, 233, 302–310.
[23] M. Venkatachalam, S. K.Sathe. 2006. Chemical composition of selected edible nut seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(13), 4705–4714.
[24] J. Parry, L. Su, M. Luther, K. Zhou, M. P. Yurawecz, P. Whittaker, L. Yu. 2005. Fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties of cold-pressed marionberry, boysenberry, red raspberry, and blueberry seed oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(3), 566–573.
[25] M. Alpaslan, M. Hayat. 2006. Apricot kernel: Physical and chemical properties. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 83(5), 469–471.
[26] T. Semra, T. Ali, K. Ihsan, V. Halil, A. H. Ali. 2007. Fatty Acid, Triacylglycerol, Phytosterol and Tocopherol Variations in Kernel Oil of Malatya Apricots from Turkey. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(26), 10787–10794.
[27] J. L. Harwood, P. Yaqoob. 2002. Nutritional and health aspects of olive oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 104(9-10), 685–697.
[28] P. M. Kris-Etherton, S. Yu. 1997. Individual fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins: human studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65(5),1628–1644.
[29] C. D. Gardner, H. C. Kraemer. 1995. Monounsaturated versus polyunsaturated dietary fat and serum lipids: a meta-analysis. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 15(11), 1918–1927.
[30] J. E. Hunter. 2001. Studies on effects of dietary fatty acids as related to their position on triglycerides. Lipids,36(7), 655–668.
[31] W. Wei, H. Cheng, X. Cao, X. Zhang, F. Q. Feng. 2016.Triacylglycerols of camellia oil: Composition and positional distribution of fatty acids. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 118(8), 1254–1255.
[32] S. Noh, S. H. Yoon. 2012. Stereospecific positional distribution of fatty acids of camellia (Camellia japonica L.) seed oil. Journal of Food Science, 77(10), 1055-1057.
[33] F. Jahaniaval, Y. Kakuda, M. F. Marcone. 2000. Fatty acid and triacylglycerol compositions of seed oils of five Amaranthus accessions and their comparison to other oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 77(8), 847–852.
[34] E. Martínez-Force, N. Ruiz-López, R. Garcés. 2004. The determination of the asymmetrical stereochemical distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols. Analytical Biochemistry, 334(1), 175–182.
[35] L. Miroslav, H. Michal, B. Michal. 2009.Statistical evaluation of triacylglycerol composition in plant oils based on high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry data. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(15), 6888–6898.
[36] Y. Aslı, Y. Huseyin, T. Aziz. 2014. Characterization of Turkish Olive Oils by Triacylglycerol Structures and Sterol Profiles. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 91(12), 2077–2090.
[37] Z. Alam. 2012. Triacylglycerols composition, oxidation and oxidation compounds in camellia oil using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 165(5), 608–614.
[38] S. Kubow. 1996. The influence of positional distribution of fatty acids in native, interesterified and structure-specific lipids on lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 7(10), 530-541.
[39] K. Sato. 2011. Crystallization behavior of fats and lipids – a review. Chemical Engineering Science, 56(7),2255-2265.
[40] RD. Plattner, G. F. Spencer, R. Kleiman. 1977. Triglycerides separation by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 54(11),511-515.
[41] Z. Piravi-Vanak, M. Ghavami, H. Ezzatpanah, J. Arab, H. Safafar, Jahan B. Ghasemi. 2009. Evaluation of Authenticity of Iranian Olive Oil by Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Profiles. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 86(9), 827–833.
[42] K. L. Ross, S. L. Hansen, T. Tu. 2011. Reversed-Phase analysis of triacylglycerols by ultra performance liquid chromatography evaporative light scattering detection (UPLC-ELSD). Lipid Technology, 23(1),14-16.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Jianbo Liu, Zepeng Liao, Tingyou Sun, Na Feng, Qizhi Long, et al. (2019). Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerol and Sn -2 Fatty Acids Distributions Variations in Seed Oil from Camellia Cultivars. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6(6), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180606.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Jianbo Liu; Zepeng Liao; Tingyou Sun; Na Feng; Qizhi Long, et al. Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerol and Sn -2 Fatty Acids Distributions Variations in Seed Oil from Camellia Cultivars. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2019, 6(6), 143-153. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20180606.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Jianbo Liu, Zepeng Liao, Tingyou Sun, Na Feng, Qizhi Long, et al. Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerol and Sn -2 Fatty Acids Distributions Variations in Seed Oil from Camellia Cultivars. J Food Nutr Sci. 2019;6(6):143-153. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20180606.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jfns.20180606.12,
      author = {Jianbo Liu and Zepeng Liao and Tingyou Sun and Na Feng and Qizhi Long and Haiyan Zhong and Bo Zhou},
      title = {Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerol and Sn -2 Fatty Acids Distributions Variations in Seed Oil from Camellia Cultivars},
      journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
      volume = {6},
      number = {6},
      pages = {143-153},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20180606.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180606.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20180606.12},
      abstract = {Camellia seed oil is widely used in the food, health, cosmetics and medicine industries in China. The present study aimed to investigate fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TGAs) and sn-2 fatty acids distributions variations in seed oil from 46 kinds of Camellia cultivars. The predominant fatty acids was oleic acid (18:1ω9) with 71.30% (average). The sn-2 position was mainly occupied by oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid. Fifteen TAGs species were found and the main TAGs were OOO + SLO, OOP and OOL+SLL. The trisaturated TAGs species were not detected. These results indicated significant changes in the profiles of fatty acids, sn-2 position fatty acids and TGAs, and in contents of these in seed oils from different Camellia cultivars (Psn-2 position. The data in present paper may be important as a reference for adulteration of camellia seed oil with other oils.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerol and Sn -2 Fatty Acids Distributions Variations in Seed Oil from Camellia Cultivars
    AU  - Jianbo Liu
    AU  - Zepeng Liao
    AU  - Tingyou Sun
    AU  - Na Feng
    AU  - Qizhi Long
    AU  - Haiyan Zhong
    AU  - Bo Zhou
    Y1  - 2019/01/28
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180606.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20180606.12
    T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    SP  - 143
    EP  - 153
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7293
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180606.12
    AB  - Camellia seed oil is widely used in the food, health, cosmetics and medicine industries in China. The present study aimed to investigate fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TGAs) and sn-2 fatty acids distributions variations in seed oil from 46 kinds of Camellia cultivars. The predominant fatty acids was oleic acid (18:1ω9) with 71.30% (average). The sn-2 position was mainly occupied by oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid. Fifteen TAGs species were found and the main TAGs were OOO + SLO, OOP and OOL+SLL. The trisaturated TAGs species were not detected. These results indicated significant changes in the profiles of fatty acids, sn-2 position fatty acids and TGAs, and in contents of these in seed oils from different Camellia cultivars (Psn-2 position. The data in present paper may be important as a reference for adulteration of camellia seed oil with other oils.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Hunan Yueyang Institute of Food and Quality Supervision Inspection and Research, Yueyang, P. R China

  • Hunan Yueyang Institute of Food and Quality Supervision Inspection and Research, Yueyang, P. R China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, P. R China

  • Hunan Yueyang Institute of Food and Quality Supervision Inspection and Research, Yueyang, P. R China

  • School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, P. R China

  • School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, P. R China

  • School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, P. R China; Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Education Ministry, Changsha, P. R China

  • School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, P. R China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha, P. R China; Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Education Ministry, Changsha, P. R China

  • Sections