Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model

Ken-ichi Watanabe; Katsunori Fujii; Keiko Abe; Yuki Kani; Kan-ichi Mimura

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13

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Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model

Ken-ichi Watanabe, Katsunori Fujii, Keiko Abe, Yuki Kani, Kan-ichi Mimura

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 17 February 2021 Accepted: 2 March 2021 Published: 10 March 2021

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Abstract

For school-age children to lead healthy lives, they need suitable physical abilities for those lives. Together with this, measurements of physical strength and motor ability to assess those abilities could be considered essential. The physical strength of children has declined in recent years, and City O in the Kansai area of Japan has implemented an action plan to address the problem. This action plan was developed from a survey continued over seven years of the physique, physical strength, and motor abilities of fifth grade elementary school students and second year junior high school (seventh grade) students. To assess the efficacy of City O’s action plan, this study analyzed trends in strength and motor ability over seven years to examine whether trends were rising or falling. The method adopted for this plan was to measure the same items as those in the strength and motor ability survey conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The wavelet interpolation model was applied to the multi-year trends in the results obtained over seven years to examine whether they were improving or declining. An improving trend was seen with time in the physical strength and motor ability of second-year junior high school girls. One may infer that behind the improving trend over time were the effects from City O’s action plan. The background for the improving trend seen over the years seen in second year junior high school girls but not boys may include that girls were originally less active than boys and but were encouraged to be active by the action plan. Because the second year of junior high school is the period of late puberty for girls, and is a time when they are approaching their developmental peak in physical strength, it may be inferred that the increase in physical strength was affected by factors in the action plan. In this study, a new evaluation chart that considers trends over years was established using the wavelet interpolation model, and the efficacy of the multi-year span evaluation chart for physical strength is presented as the O model.

Published in	American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13
Page(s)	17-26
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Multi-year Span Evaluation, Physical Ability, Secular Change Curve

References

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[2]	S. Shimada, S. Demura, Y. Ikemoto, S. Yamaji, M. Minami, Y. Nagasawa, “Cross Sectional Study of The Relationship between Physical Fitness and Life Style,” Health-Status in Male Students at a National College of Technology, Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, Vol. 8 (3), pp. 109-117, 2003.
[3]	S. Shimada, S. Demura, Y. Nagasawa, M. Minami, J. Matsuzawa, “Influence of The Difference of Continuous Exercise Enforcement Frequencies on Physique and Physical Fitness of Male Students at a National College of Technology: With an Examination of Three-Year Longitudinal Date,” Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, Vol. 11 (2), pp. 69-74, 2006.
[4]	H. Hatta, “Annual trends in physical strength of university students—The University of Tokyo,” Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Vol. 52, pp. 39-42, 2002.
[5]	T. Nishijima, “Declining trend in the physical strength of adolescents,” Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Vol. 52, pp. 4-14, 2002.
[6]	T. Nishijima, “Current status of physical strength in children,” Child, Growth and Development, Vol. 1, pp. 13-22, 2003.
[7]	R. Sasaki, “Annual trends in physical strength of university students—Keio University,” Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Vol. 52, pp. 43-47, 2002.
[8]	T. Matsumoto, “Annual trends in physical strength of university students—Tsukuba University,” Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Vol. 52, pp. 48-51, 2002.
[9]	K. Fujii, Kim J-D, K. Kasuya, “Verification regarding Optimum Physical Fitness for Balance of Body Composition During Junior High School Period －Analysis based on Korean junior high school students in boys－,” The Korea Journal of Sports science Vol. 24 (6), pp. 1409-1418, 2015.
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[13]	K. Fujii, “Verification Regarding Secular Trend of Height Growth and The Maximum Peak Velocity during Adolescence,” International Journal of Sport and Health Science, Vol. 7, pp. 103-112, 2009.
[14]	T. Mizuno, “Japanese Physical Fitness Standard Table - By Height-Based Regression Evaluation Method,” University of Tokyo Press, 1980.
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[16]	H. Shimojo, Y. Nakata, M. Tomikawa, H. Takagi, H. Soya, “Trends in body mass index and physical fitness of Japanese university students over 26 years and the association between these parameters,” Japan J. Phys. Educ. Hlth. Sport Sci, Vol. 58, pp. 181-194, 2013.
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APA Style

Ken-ichi Watanabe, Katsunori Fujii, Keiko Abe, Yuki Kani, Kan-ichi Mimura. (2021). Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model. American Journal of Sports Science, 9(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13

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ACS Style

Ken-ichi Watanabe; Katsunori Fujii; Keiko Abe; Yuki Kani; Kan-ichi Mimura. Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2021, 9(1), 17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13

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AMA Style

Ken-ichi Watanabe, Katsunori Fujii, Keiko Abe, Yuki Kani, Kan-ichi Mimura. Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model. Am J Sports Sci. 2021;9(1):17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13,
  author = {Ken-ichi Watanabe and Katsunori Fujii and Keiko Abe and Yuki Kani and Kan-ichi Mimura},
  title = {Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20210901.13},
  abstract = {For school-age children to lead healthy lives, they need suitable physical abilities for those lives. Together with this, measurements of physical strength and motor ability to assess those abilities could be considered essential. The physical strength of children has declined in recent years, and City O in the Kansai area of Japan has implemented an action plan to address the problem. This action plan was developed from a survey continued over seven years of the physique, physical strength, and motor abilities of fifth grade elementary school students and second year junior high school (seventh grade) students. To assess the efficacy of City O’s action plan, this study analyzed trends in strength and motor ability over seven years to examine whether trends were rising or falling. The method adopted for this plan was to measure the same items as those in the strength and motor ability survey conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The wavelet interpolation model was applied to the multi-year trends in the results obtained over seven years to examine whether they were improving or declining. An improving trend was seen with time in the physical strength and motor ability of second-year junior high school girls. One may infer that behind the improving trend over time were the effects from City O’s action plan. The background for the improving trend seen over the years seen in second year junior high school girls but not boys may include that girls were originally less active than boys and but were encouraged to be active by the action plan. Because the second year of junior high school is the period of late puberty for girls, and is a time when they are approaching their developmental peak in physical strength, it may be inferred that the increase in physical strength was affected by factors in the action plan. In this study, a new evaluation chart that considers trends over years was established using the wavelet interpolation model, and the efficacy of the multi-year span evaluation chart for physical strength is presented as the O model.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model
AU  - Ken-ichi Watanabe
AU  - Katsunori Fujii
AU  - Keiko Abe
AU  - Yuki Kani
AU  - Kan-ichi Mimura
Y1  - 2021/03/10
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 17
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13
AB  - For school-age children to lead healthy lives, they need suitable physical abilities for those lives. Together with this, measurements of physical strength and motor ability to assess those abilities could be considered essential. The physical strength of children has declined in recent years, and City O in the Kansai area of Japan has implemented an action plan to address the problem. This action plan was developed from a survey continued over seven years of the physique, physical strength, and motor abilities of fifth grade elementary school students and second year junior high school (seventh grade) students. To assess the efficacy of City O’s action plan, this study analyzed trends in strength and motor ability over seven years to examine whether trends were rising or falling. The method adopted for this plan was to measure the same items as those in the strength and motor ability survey conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The wavelet interpolation model was applied to the multi-year trends in the results obtained over seven years to examine whether they were improving or declining. An improving trend was seen with time in the physical strength and motor ability of second-year junior high school girls. One may infer that behind the improving trend over time were the effects from City O’s action plan. The background for the improving trend seen over the years seen in second year junior high school girls but not boys may include that girls were originally less active than boys and but were encouraged to be active by the action plan. Because the second year of junior high school is the period of late puberty for girls, and is a time when they are approaching their developmental peak in physical strength, it may be inferred that the increase in physical strength was affected by factors in the action plan. In this study, a new evaluation chart that considers trends over years was established using the wavelet interpolation model, and the efficacy of the multi-year span evaluation chart for physical strength is presented as the O model.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ken-ichi Watanabe

Faculty of Education, Osaka Seikei University, Osaka-City, Japan
Katsunori Fujii

Graduate School of Business Administration and Computer Science, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota-City, Japan
Keiko Abe

Faculty of Education, Osaka Seikei University, Osaka-City, Japan
Yuki Kani

Faculty of Education, Osaka Seikei University, Osaka-City, Japan
Kan-ichi Mimura

Faculty of Education, Osaka Seikei University, Osaka-City, Japan

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APA Style

Ken-ichi Watanabe, Katsunori Fujii, Keiko Abe, Yuki Kani, Kan-ichi Mimura. (2021). Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model. American Journal of Sports Science, 9(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13

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ACS Style

Ken-ichi Watanabe; Katsunori Fujii; Keiko Abe; Yuki Kani; Kan-ichi Mimura. Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2021, 9(1), 17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13

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AMA Style

Ken-ichi Watanabe, Katsunori Fujii, Keiko Abe, Yuki Kani, Kan-ichi Mimura. Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model. Am J Sports Sci. 2021;9(1):17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13,
  author = {Ken-ichi Watanabe and Katsunori Fujii and Keiko Abe and Yuki Kani and Kan-ichi Mimura},
  title = {Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20210901.13},
  abstract = {For school-age children to lead healthy lives, they need suitable physical abilities for those lives. Together with this, measurements of physical strength and motor ability to assess those abilities could be considered essential. The physical strength of children has declined in recent years, and City O in the Kansai area of Japan has implemented an action plan to address the problem. This action plan was developed from a survey continued over seven years of the physique, physical strength, and motor abilities of fifth grade elementary school students and second year junior high school (seventh grade) students. To assess the efficacy of City O’s action plan, this study analyzed trends in strength and motor ability over seven years to examine whether trends were rising or falling. The method adopted for this plan was to measure the same items as those in the strength and motor ability survey conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The wavelet interpolation model was applied to the multi-year trends in the results obtained over seven years to examine whether they were improving or declining. An improving trend was seen with time in the physical strength and motor ability of second-year junior high school girls. One may infer that behind the improving trend over time were the effects from City O’s action plan. The background for the improving trend seen over the years seen in second year junior high school girls but not boys may include that girls were originally less active than boys and but were encouraged to be active by the action plan. Because the second year of junior high school is the period of late puberty for girls, and is a time when they are approaching their developmental peak in physical strength, it may be inferred that the increase in physical strength was affected by factors in the action plan. In this study, a new evaluation chart that considers trends over years was established using the wavelet interpolation model, and the efficacy of the multi-year span evaluation chart for physical strength is presented as the O model.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model
AU  - Ken-ichi Watanabe
AU  - Katsunori Fujii
AU  - Keiko Abe
AU  - Yuki Kani
AU  - Kan-ichi Mimura
Y1  - 2021/03/10
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 17
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.13
AB  - For school-age children to lead healthy lives, they need suitable physical abilities for those lives. Together with this, measurements of physical strength and motor ability to assess those abilities could be considered essential. The physical strength of children has declined in recent years, and City O in the Kansai area of Japan has implemented an action plan to address the problem. This action plan was developed from a survey continued over seven years of the physique, physical strength, and motor abilities of fifth grade elementary school students and second year junior high school (seventh grade) students. To assess the efficacy of City O’s action plan, this study analyzed trends in strength and motor ability over seven years to examine whether trends were rising or falling. The method adopted for this plan was to measure the same items as those in the strength and motor ability survey conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The wavelet interpolation model was applied to the multi-year trends in the results obtained over seven years to examine whether they were improving or declining. An improving trend was seen with time in the physical strength and motor ability of second-year junior high school girls. One may infer that behind the improving trend over time were the effects from City O’s action plan. The background for the improving trend seen over the years seen in second year junior high school girls but not boys may include that girls were originally less active than boys and but were encouraged to be active by the action plan. Because the second year of junior high school is the period of late puberty for girls, and is a time when they are approaching their developmental peak in physical strength, it may be inferred that the increase in physical strength was affected by factors in the action plan. In this study, a new evaluation chart that considers trends over years was established using the wavelet interpolation model, and the efficacy of the multi-year span evaluation chart for physical strength is presented as the O model.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download