Cancer Research Journal

| Peer-Reviewed |

Oriented Physical Exercise and Sports Nutrition and the Risk of Growth of Tumours

Received: 10 December 2014    Accepted: 13 December 2014    Published: 27 January 2015
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

The health and life quality of men can be preserved and improved using a regular practice of physical activities. It is well known that when properly oriented, the physical exercise can combat several diseases, e. g. cardiovascular, metabolic and even physiological, such as depression. However, the higher oxygen consumption, as well as the activation of specific metabolic pathways during and after the exercises results in the formation of free radicals. Exhausting physical exercises of high intensity elevate the risk of diseases, like pulmonary emphysemas, inflammation, aging and increased risk of damage in the DNA with consequent carcinogenesis. The excessive elevation of free radicals without the optimal accompaniment of antioxidants induces a psychopathological stage known as oxidative stress, which generates lipids, damages to proteins and to the DNA, becoming cytotoxic or causing changes in the cellular functions and even in the tissues. This is a common occurrence in drug users, overexposure to environmental factors such as sun light, metabolic alterations originated from obesity or diabetes, and even physical exercises. There is general agreement that physical training and adequate alimentation, besides protecting against some types of cancer, increases the aspects of anti-tumor immunity and reduces inflammatory mediators. Evidences suggest that the prophylactic effect of the exercise can be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the regular practice of exercises, through the reduction of visceral fat and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation. This study had as objective to demonstrate the importance of a well targeted training, for the performance of physical activities in an adequate intensity associated to antioxidant supplementation, in order to prevent excessive physical wear and appearing of oxidative stress.

DOI 10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17
Published in Cancer Research Journal (Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Cancer Risk

Page(s) 57-63
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Physical Activity, Oxidative Stress, Overtraining, Antioxidants

References
[1] Carvalho T, Nobrega A C L, Lazzoli J K, Magni J R T, Rezende L, Drummond F A, Oliveira M A B, De Rose E H, Araujo C G S, Teixeira J A C (1996) Posição oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte: atividade física e saúde. Rev Bras Med Esport 2(4), 79-81.
[2] Agarwal S K (2012) Cardiovascular benefits of exercise. Int J Gen Med 5, 541-5.
[3] Leite N, Milano G E, Cieslak F, Lopes W A, Rodacki A, Radominski R B (2009) Effects of exercise and nutritional guidance on metabolic syndrome in obese adolescent. Rev Bras Fisioter. 13, 73-81.
[4] Albright A, Franz M, Hornsby G, Kriska A, Marrero D, Ullrich I (2000) American college of sports medicine position stand. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32, 1345-60.
[5] Kohrt W M, Bloomfield S A, Little K D, Nelson M E, Yingling V R (2004) American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: physical activity and bone health. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36(11), 1985-96.
[6] Battaglini C L, Kackney A C, Garcia R, Groff D, Evans E, Shea T (2009) The effects of an exercise program in leukemia patients. Integr Cancer Ther, Thousand Oaks 8(2), 130-138.
[7] Davies N J, Batehup L, Thomas R (2011) Role of diet and physical activity in cancer survivorship. Brit J of Cancer 105(S1), S52 – S73.
[8] Cheema B, Gaul C A, Lane K, Singh M A F (2007) Progressive resistance training in breast câncer: a systematic review of clinical trials. Breast Cancer Res and Treat 109(1), 9-26.
[9] Schneider C, Hsieh C C, Sprod L K, Carter S D, Hayward R (2007) Cancer treatment-induced alternations in muscular fitness and quality of life: the role of exercise training. Ann of Onc, Viganello-Lugano, 18(12), 1957-1962.
[10] Friedenreich C M, Orenstein M R (2002) Physical activity and cancer prevention: etiologic evidence and biological mechanisms. J Nutr 132 (suppl), 3456S–64S.
[11] Baptista C A S, Ghorayeb N, Dioguardi G S (1999) Sobretreinamento. In N. Ghorayeb, T. Barros [ed]. O Exercício. São Paulo: Atheneu, 1999, 313-320.
[12] Silva A S R, Santhiago V, Gobatto C A (2006) Compreendendo o overtraining no desporto: da definição ao tratamento. Rev Port Cien Desp 6(2), 229–238.
[13] Israel S Z (1976) Problematik des übertraings aus internisistischer und leistungs physiologischer sicht. Med Sport 16, 1-12.
[14] Halliwell B, Gutteridge J M C (1999) Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford, 1999.
[15] Southorn P A, Powis G (1988) Free radicals in medicine II. Involvement in human disease. Mayo Clin Proc 63, 390-408.
[16] Meneguini R (1987) A toxicidade do oxigênio. Ciência Hoje 5, 28.
[17] Schneider C D, Oliveira A R (2004) Radicais livres de oxigênio e exercício: mecanismos de formação e adaptação ao treinamento físico. Rev Bras Med Esp 10(4), 308-313.
[18] Mostorakos G, Paylatou M, Diamanti-Kandarakis E G. P (2005) Chrousos. Exercise and the Stress System. Hormones 4(2), 73-89.
[19] Lippitz B E (2013) Cytokine patterns in patients with cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 14(6), 218-28.
[20] Dranoff G (2004) Cytokins in cancer pathogenesis and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 4, 11-22.
[21] AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY (2005) Cancer facts and figures. ACS Publications Disponible on: www.cancer.org.
[22] Hayes S, Spence R R, Galvão D A, Newton R U (2009) Australian Association for Exercise and Sport Science position Stand: Optimizing Cancer outcomes trough Exercise. J of Sci and Med in Sport 12(4), 428-434.
[23] Cho K R, Vogelstein B (1992) Genetic alterations in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Cancer 70, 1727-31.
[24] Cesar A C G, Silva A E, Tajara E H (2002) Genetics and environmental factors in gastric carcinogenesis. Arq. Gastroenterol. (4), 253-259.
[25] Halliwell B (2006) Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Plant Physiol. 141(3), 312-22.
[26] Ortiz M S; Willey J F; Chiang J J (2014) How stress gets under the skin o cómo el estrés psicológico se introduce bajo la piel. Rev. Med. Chile 142(6), 767-774.
[27] Rohenkohl C C, Carniel A P, Colpo E (2011) Antioxidants consumption during chemotherapy treatment. ABCD Arq Bras Cir Dig 24(2), 107-112.
[28] Salazar L, Palacio A C, Rodriguez J R (2011) Mechanisms of cardiotoxicity: antineoplastics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antipsychotics, cocaethylene and sympathomimetics. Rev Colom Cardiol, 18(2), 100-110.
[29] Moehrle M (2008) Outdoor sports and skin cancer. Clinics in Dermatology 26, 12–15.
[30] Joost H G (2014) Diabetes and cancer: Epidemiology and potential mechanisms. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 11(6), 390-394.
[31] Gago-Domínguez M, Jiang X, Castelao J E (2007) Lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress genes and dietary factors in breast cancer protection: a hypothesis. Breast Cancer Res 9, 201-211.
[32] Durand M, Mach N (2013) El ácido alfa lipoico y su poder antioxidante frente al cáncer y las patologias de sensibilización central. Nutr Hosp. 28(4), 1031-1038.
[33] Nunes-Selles A J (2005) Antioxidant Therapy: Myth or Reality? J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 16(4), 699-710.
[34] Rockenbach G, Di Pietro P F, Ambrosi C, Boaventura B C B, Vieira F G K, Crippa C G, Da Silva E L, Fausto M A (2011) Dietary intake and oxidative stress in breast cancer: before and after treatments. Nutr Hosp 26(4), 737-744.
[35] Triana B E G, Bernabeu A S, Garcia L S (2012) Oxidative stress and antioxidants in cancer prevention. Revista Haban de Cien Méd 12(2), 187-196.
[36] Avelar M, Martinez A (2012) Do Casiopeinas® Prevent Cancer Disease by Acting as Antiradicals? A Chemical Reactivity Study Applying Density Functional Theory. J. Mex. Chem. Soc. 56(3), 250-256.
[37] Fuchs-Tarlovsky V, Bejarano-Rosales M, Gutierrez-Salmean G, Casilas M A, Lopez-Alvarenga J C, Ceballos Reyes G M (2011) Efecto de la suplementación con antioxidantes sobre el estrés oxidativo y la calidad de vida durante el tratamiento oncológico en pacientes con cáncer cérvico uterino. Nutr Hosp 26(4), 819-826.
[38] Santos H S, Souza Cruz W M (2001) A Terapia Nutricional com Vitaminas Antioxidantes e o Tratamento Quimioterápico Oncológico. Rev Bras Cancerol 47(3), 303-08.
[39] Konig D, Wagner K H, Elmadfa I, Berg A (2001) Exercise and oxidative stress: significance of antioxidants with reference to inflammatory, muscular, and systemic stress. Exerc Immunol Rev 7, 108-133.
[40] Alessio H M, Hagerman A E, Fulkerson B K, Ambrose J, Rice R E, Wiley R L (2000) Generation of reactive oxygen species after exhaustive aerobic and isometric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32, 1576-1581.
[41] Cooper C E, Vollaard N B, Choeiri T, Wilson M T (2002) Exercise, free radicals and oxidative stress. Biochem Soc Trans 30, 280-285.
[42] Amorim A G, Tirapegui J (2008) Aspectos atuais da relação entre exercício físico, estresse oxidativo e magnésio. Rev. Nutr. 21(5), 563-575.
[43] Jenkins R R, Goldfarba A (1993) Introduction: oxidant stress, aging and exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 25, 210-212.
[44] Karbowski M (2010) Mitochondria on guard: role of mitochondrial fusion and fission in the regulation of apoptosis. Adv Exp Med Biol 687, 131–42.
[45] Vissing J, Haller R G (2012) Mechanisms of exertional fatigue in muscle glycogenoses. Neuromusc Disord 22, 168-71.
[46] Ferreira A M D, Ribeiro B G, Soares E A (2001) Consumption of carbohydrates and lipids in ultra-endurance exercise performance. Rev Bras Med Esp 7(2), 67-74.
[47] Federico A, Cardaioli E, Da Pozzo P, Formichi P, Gallus G N, Radi E (2012) Mitochondria, oxidative stress and neuro degeneration. J of the Neuro Sci 322, 254–262.
[48] Sanchez G M, Hernandez R D, Garrido G G, Garcia M G, Rivera D G, Betancourt E P, Nunes-Selles A J (2003) Mitos y Realidades de la terapia antioxidante. Vimang: Nuevo Producto Natural Antioxidante. Cen of Pharmac Chem: Havana.
[49] Silva W J M, Ferrari C K B (2011) Mitochondrial metabolismo, free radical and aging. Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol. 14 (3)
[50] Franco R L (2009) Expressão tumoral da glutationa S-transferase Pi e sobrevida global e livre de doença em mulheres com carcinoma de mama. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 31(2), 102-102.
[51] Kang D H, Há S K (2014) Uric Acid Puzzle: Dual Role as Anti-oxidantand Pro-oxidant. Electrolyte Blood Press 12(1), 1-6.
[52] Sitar M E, Aydin S, Cakatay U (2013) Human serum albumin and its relation with oxidative stress. Clin Lab 59(9-10), 945-52.
[53] Bertaggia E, Scabia G, Dalise S, Lo Verso F, Santini F, Vitti P, Chisari G, Sandri M, Maffei M (2014) Haptoglobin is required to prevent oxidative stress and muscle atrophy. PLoS One 9(6), e100745.
[54] Barnard M L, Muller-Eberhard U, Turrens J F (1993) Protective role of hemopexin on heme-dependent lung oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 192(1), 82-7.
[55] Biliet L, Doaty S, Katz J D, Velasquez M T (2014) Review of hyperuricemia as new marker for metabolic syndrome. ISRN Rheumatol. eCollection 2014.
[56] Constantine M M (2014) Physiologic and pharmacokinetic changes in pregnancy. Front Pharmacol 3(5), 65.
[57] Gundogdu E, Yurdasiper A (2014) Drug transport mechanism of oral antidiabetic nanomedicines Int J Endocrinol Metab 12(1), 8984.
[58] Shahid M, Pourrut B, Dumat C, Nadeem M, Aslam M, Pinelli E (2014) Heavy-metal-induced reactive oxygen species: phytotoxicity and physicochemical changes in plants. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 232, 1-44.
[59] Kontoghiorghe C N, Kolnagou A, Kontoghiorges G J (2013) Potential clinical applications of chelating drugs in diseases targeting transferrin-bound iron and other metals. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 22(5), 591-618.
[60] Kruzel M L, Actor J K, Zimecki M, Wise J, Płoszaj P, Mirza S, Kruzel M, Hwang S A, Ba X, Boldogh I (2013) Novel recombinant human lactoferrin: differential activation of oxidative stress related gene expression. J Biotechnol 168(4), 666-75.
[61] Iwanaga S, Sakano N, Taketa K, Takahashi N, Wang D H, Takahashi H, Kubo M, Miyatake N, Ogino K (2014) Comparison of serum ferritin and oxidative stress biomarkers between Japanese workers with and without metabolic syndrome. Obes Res Clin Pract 8(3), 201-98.
[62] Turgut A, Özler A, Görük N Y, Tunc S Y, Evliyaoglu O, Gül T (2013) Copper, ceruloplasmin and oxidative stress in patients with advanced-stage endometriosis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 17(11), 1472-8.
[63] Bryer S C, Goldfarb A H (2006) Effect of high dose vitamin C supplementation on muscle soreness, damage, function, and oxidative stress to eccentric exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 16(3), 270-80.
[64] Rizvi S, Raza S T, Ahmed F, Ahmad A, Abbas S, Mahdi F (2014) The role of vitamin e in human health and some diseases. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 14(2), 157-65.
[65] Molnar J A, Underdown M J, Clark W A (2014) Nutrition and Chronic Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 3(11), 663-681.
[66] Goufo P, Trindade H (2014) Rice antioxidants: phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, and phytic acid. Food Sci Nutr. 2(2), 75-104.
[67] Carocho M, Ferreira I C (2013) A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives. Food Chem Toxicol. 51, 15-25.
[68] Steckert A V, Castro A A, Quevedo J, Dal-Pizzol F (2014) Sepsis in the central nervous system and antioxidant strategies with N-acetylcysteine, vitamins and statins. Curr Neurovasc Res 11(1), 83-90.
[69] Garrido-Maraver J, Cordero M D, Oropesa-Avila M, Veja A F, Mata M, Pavon A D, Alcocer-Gomez E, Calero C P, Paz M V, Alanis M, Lavera I, Cotan D, Sanchez-Alcazar J A (2014) Clinical applications of coenzyme Q10. Front Biosci Landmark Ed. 1(19), 619-33.
[70] Kumar S, Pandey A K (2013) Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. Scient Wor J 162750.
[71] Rodrigo R, Fernández-Gajardo R, Gutiérrez R, Matamala J M, Carrasco R, Miranda-Merchak A, Feuerhake W (20130) Oxidative stress and pathophysiology of ischemic stroke: novel therapeutic opportunities. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targ 12(5), 698-714.
[72] Fu H, Li G, Liu C, Li J, Wang X, Cheng L, Liu T (2014) Probucol Prevents Atrial Remodeling by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and TNF-α/NF-κB/TGF-β Signal Transduction Pathway in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rabbits. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. doi: 10.1111/jce.12540.
[73] Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C (2014) Diabetes, oxidative stress and therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1840 (9), 2709-29.
[74] Ramel F, Mialoundama A S, Havaux M (2013) Nonenzymic carotenoid oxidation and photooxidative stress signalling in plants. J Exp Bot 64 (3), 799-805.
[75] Houston M C (2010) The role of cellular micronutrient analysis, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 4 (3), 165-83.
[76] Cordova A, Navas F J (2000) Os radicais livres e o dano produzido pelo exercício: papel dos antioxidantes. Rev Bras Med Esp 6 (5), 204-208.
[77] Zoopi C C, Neto J A, Catanho F O, Goulart L F, Motta E, Moura N, Macedo D V (2003) Alterações em biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo, defesa antioxidante e lesão muscular em jogadores de futebol durante uma temporada competitiva. Rev Paul Educ Fís, (17), 119-130.
[78] Nascimento E B, Leite R D, Prestes J (2011) Cancer: Benefits of resistance and aerobic training. R. da Educ Fís/UEM 22 (4), 651-658.
[79] König D, Wagner K H, Elmadfa I, Berg A (2001) Exercise and oxidative stress: significance of antioxidants with reference to inflammatory, muscular, and systemic stress. Exerc Immunol Rev (7), 108-33.
[80] Tiidus P M (1998) Radical species in inflammation and overtraining. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 76 (5), 533-8.
[81] Perry J D (1992) Exercise, injury and chronic inflammatory lesions. Br Med Bull. 48 (3), 668-82.
[82] Angeli A, Minetto M, Dovio A, Paccotti P (2004) The overtraining syndrome in athletes: a stress-related disorder. J Endocrinol Invest. 27 (6), 603-12.
[83] Walsh N P, Gleeson M, Shephard R J, Gleeson M, Woods J A, Bishop N C, Fleshner M, Green C, Pedersen B K, Goetz L H, Rogers C J, Northoff H, Abbasi A, Simon P (2011) Position Statement Part one: Immune function and exercise. EIR (17) position statement part I.
[84] Morton A R, Keast D (1991) Overtraining in athletes. Sports Med. 12(1), 32-65.
[85] Faria I E (1992) Energy expenditure, aerodynamics and medical problems in cycling. Sports Med 14(1), 43-63.
[86] Fry A C, Kraemer W J (1997) Resistance exercise overtraining and overreaching. Neuroendocrine responses. Sports Med. 23(2), 106-29.
[87] Hadden J W (2003) Immunodeficiency and cancer: prospects for correction. Inter Immunophar (3), 1061-1071.
[88] Barp C G, Almeida D J, Freitas G B L (2014) Breast Cancer and Postmenopausal Obesity: The Risk Factors in this Relationship”. Can Res J 2(1), 9-14.
[89] Sikora J P, Chlebna-Sokol P, Andrzejewska E, Chrul S (2008) Clinical evaluation of proinflammatory cytokine inhibitors (s TNF r I, s TNF r II, IL-1ra), anti-inflammatory, cytokines (IL-10, IL-13) and activation of neutrophils after burn-induced inflammation. Clin Immul (68), 145-152.
[90] Teramoto M, Bungum T J (2010) Mortality and Longevity of elite athletes. J of Sci and Med in Sport (13), 410–416.
[91] Smith L L (2003) Overtraining, excessive exercise, and altered immunity: is this a T helper-1 versus T helper-2 lymphocyte response?. Sports Med (33), 347-64.
[92] Bassini A, Cameron L C (2014) Sportomics: Building a new concept in metabolic studies and exercise science. Bioch and Biophysl Res Commun (445), 708-716.
[93] Sormunen J, Backmand H M, Sarna S, Kujala U M, Kaprio J, Dyba T, Pukkala E (2014) Lifetime physical activity and cancer incidence - A cohort study of male former elite athletes in Finland. J of Sci and Med in Sport (17), 479–484.
Author Information
  • Personal Trainer and Fitness Coach, State University of Center-West, Guarapuava, Brazil

  • Department of Pharmacy, State University of Center-West, Guarapuava, Brazil; Post-Degree Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences at UFPR, Department of Clinical Patology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Bruno Tratz, Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas. (2015). Oriented Physical Exercise and Sports Nutrition and the Risk of Growth of Tumours. Cancer Research Journal, 2(6-1), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Bruno Tratz; Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas. Oriented Physical Exercise and Sports Nutrition and the Risk of Growth of Tumours. Cancer Res. J. 2015, 2(6-1), 57-63. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Bruno Tratz, Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas. Oriented Physical Exercise and Sports Nutrition and the Risk of Growth of Tumours. Cancer Res J. 2015;2(6-1):57-63. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17,
      author = {Bruno Tratz and Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas},
      title = {Oriented Physical Exercise and Sports Nutrition and the Risk of Growth of Tumours},
      journal = {Cancer Research Journal},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6-1},
      pages = {57-63},
      doi = {10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.crj.s.2014020601.17},
      abstract = {The health and life quality of men can be preserved and improved using a regular practice of physical activities. It is well known that when properly oriented, the physical exercise can combat several diseases, e. g. cardiovascular, metabolic and even physiological, such as depression. However, the higher oxygen consumption, as well as the activation of specific metabolic pathways during and after the exercises results in the formation of free radicals. Exhausting physical exercises of high intensity elevate the risk of diseases, like pulmonary emphysemas, inflammation, aging and increased risk of damage in the DNA with consequent carcinogenesis. The excessive elevation of free radicals without the optimal accompaniment of antioxidants induces a psychopathological stage known as oxidative stress, which generates lipids, damages to proteins and to the DNA, becoming cytotoxic or causing changes in the cellular functions and even in the tissues. This is a common occurrence in drug users, overexposure to environmental factors such as sun light, metabolic alterations originated from obesity or diabetes, and even physical exercises. There is general agreement that physical training and adequate alimentation, besides protecting against some types of cancer, increases the aspects of anti-tumor immunity and reduces inflammatory mediators. Evidences suggest that the prophylactic effect of the exercise can be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the regular practice of exercises, through the reduction of visceral fat and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation. This study had as objective to demonstrate the importance of a well targeted training, for the performance of physical activities in an adequate intensity associated to antioxidant supplementation, in order to prevent excessive physical wear and appearing of oxidative stress.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Oriented Physical Exercise and Sports Nutrition and the Risk of Growth of Tumours
    AU  - Bruno Tratz
    AU  - Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas
    Y1  - 2015/01/27
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17
    T2  - Cancer Research Journal
    JF  - Cancer Research Journal
    JO  - Cancer Research Journal
    SP  - 57
    EP  - 63
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8214
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17
    AB  - The health and life quality of men can be preserved and improved using a regular practice of physical activities. It is well known that when properly oriented, the physical exercise can combat several diseases, e. g. cardiovascular, metabolic and even physiological, such as depression. However, the higher oxygen consumption, as well as the activation of specific metabolic pathways during and after the exercises results in the formation of free radicals. Exhausting physical exercises of high intensity elevate the risk of diseases, like pulmonary emphysemas, inflammation, aging and increased risk of damage in the DNA with consequent carcinogenesis. The excessive elevation of free radicals without the optimal accompaniment of antioxidants induces a psychopathological stage known as oxidative stress, which generates lipids, damages to proteins and to the DNA, becoming cytotoxic or causing changes in the cellular functions and even in the tissues. This is a common occurrence in drug users, overexposure to environmental factors such as sun light, metabolic alterations originated from obesity or diabetes, and even physical exercises. There is general agreement that physical training and adequate alimentation, besides protecting against some types of cancer, increases the aspects of anti-tumor immunity and reduces inflammatory mediators. Evidences suggest that the prophylactic effect of the exercise can be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the regular practice of exercises, through the reduction of visceral fat and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation. This study had as objective to demonstrate the importance of a well targeted training, for the performance of physical activities in an adequate intensity associated to antioxidant supplementation, in order to prevent excessive physical wear and appearing of oxidative stress.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6-1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections