Cancer Research Journal

| Peer-Reviewed |

Clinical Utility of Altered Expressions of P53,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Survivin in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Received: 20 March 2015    Accepted: 28 March 2015    Published: 31 March 2015
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Backgroundand Objectives: Bladder cancer is considered a major problem world wide. Aberrant P53, mutant vascular endothelial growth factor and deregulated expression of survivin were used as biochemical markers for investigation, prognosis and follow up. Aims: This study was conducted to assess the prognostic impact of altered expressions of these parameters in Erbil population with bladder cancer and correlated with other confounding factors age, gender and smoking effects, these factors also correlated with histopathologic characteristics such as grade and stage. Patients and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 50 newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer, in addition 50 apparently healthy adults age – sex matched were also involved in this study. Serum parameters levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Patients had these general criteria, newly discovered cases, no deep x-ray therapy, no chemotherapy, no hormonal therapy with histologic and cytologic confirmation of bladder cancer. Statistical Study: Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 18. Results: The mean serum P53,vascular endothelial growth factor and survivin levels in patient and control groups were P53= 1.682 ±0.665, 1.192 ± 0.284, vascular endothelial growth factor = 5.296 ±2.8, 2.000 ±0.704 and survivin = 5.468±0.715, 4.240±0.656 respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that, serum parameters levels were significantly increased in patients as compared with control group p< 0.001. Conclusion: Data revealed for the first time the relation between altered expressions of interested parameters in combination pattern with the incidence of bladder cancer in Erbil population, which has not previously reported in this region.This study tested the hypothesis and supported the concept that higher serum levels of these parameters might be a pathogenic and prognostic factors and a markers of tumor aggressiveness in bladder cancer. Early diagnosis is necessary for maximizing the rate of therapy. The gold standard care for the investigating of bladder cancer is cystoscopy which detects tumors accurately but it is invasive, expensive, and represents a high burden to the patients, and also, small papillary and flat-growing cancer may be missed. Regular cystoscopic examinations performed for monitoring the patients, because the recurrent rate is high. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the possibilities for replacing cystoscopy with more accurate, safe, no expensive, noninvasive diagnostic test and to recognize a new approach for providing opportunities for early detection which is an important goal to speed up the therapy of patients.

DOI 10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12
Published in Cancer Research Journal (Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015)
Page(s) 28-41
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bladder Cancer, P53, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Survivin

References
[1] Emilio Sacco, Marco Racioppi, Francesco Pinto, Alessandro D’Addessi, Angelo Totaro , Andrea Volpe, (2010). Markers for Urological Malignancies. European Urological Review.5 (1): 36-42.
[2] Afuwape AO, Kiriakidis S and Paleolog EM. (2002). The role of the angiogenic molecule VEGF in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.Histol Histopathol, 17:961- 972.
[3] Zygmunt M, Herr F, Munstedt K, Lang U and Liang OD. (2003). Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in pregnancy.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 110 (1): 10- 18.
[4] Bottomley MJ, Webb NJ, Watson CJ, Holt L, Bukhari M and Denton J. (2000). Placenta growth factor (PIGF) induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from mononuclear cells and is co-expressed with VEGF in synovial fluid.Clin Exp Immunol, 119: 182- 188.
[5] Lipponen P K. (1993). Over-expression of p53 nuclear oncoprotein in transitional-cell bladder cancer and its prognostic value. Int. J. Cancer, 53: 365- 370.
[6] Sarkis A S, Dalbagni G, Cordon-Cardo C, Zhang Z F, Sheinfeld J, Fair WR, Herr H W and Reuter V E. (1993). Nuclear overexpression of p53 protein in transitional cell bladder carcinoma: a marker for disease progression. J. Natl. Cancer Inst,85: 53- 59.
[7] Serth J, Kuczyk M A, Bokemeyer C, Hervatin C, Nafe R, Tan H K and Jonas U. (1995). p53 immunohistochemistry as an independent prognostic factor for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Br. J. Cancer, 71: 201- 205.
[8] Hall PA, DP. (1994). P53 in tumor pathology: can we trust immunohistochemistry ?-Revisited! J Pathol, 172: 1-4.
[9] Lipponen P. K. (1993). Over-expression of p53 nuclear oncoprotein in transitional-cell bladder cancer and its prognostic value. Int. J. Cancer, 53: 365-370.
[10] Serth J., Kuczyk M. A., Bokemeyer C., Hervatin C., Nafe R., Tan H. K. and Jonas U. (1995). p53 immunohistochemistry as an independent prognostic factor for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Br. J. Cancer, 71: 201-205.
[11] Valko M., Rhodes C.J., Moncol J., Izakovic M. and Mazur M. (2006). Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact, 160: 1-40.
[12] Nishikawa M. (2008). Reactive oxygen species in tumor metastasis. Cancer Lett, 266: 53–59.
[13] Chung-man J Ho, Zheng S, Comhair SA, Farver C, S.C. and Erzurum SC. (2001). Differential expression of manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase in lung cancer.Cancer Res, 61: 8578– 8585.
[14] Skrzydlewska E. ,Kozuszko B., Sulkowska M., Bogdan Z., Kozlowski M., Snarska J., Puchalski Z., Sulkowski S. and Skrzydlewski Z.(2003). Antioxidant potential in esophageal, stomach and colorectal cancers. Hepatogastroenterology, 50: 126– 131.
[15] Storz P. (2005). Reactive oxygen species in tumor progression. Front. Biosci, 10: 1881– 1896.
[16] Connor K.M. , Subbaram S., Regan K.J., Nelson K.K., Mazurkiewicz J.E., Bartholomew P.J., Aplin A.E., Tai Y.T., Aguirre-Ghiso J., Flores S.C. and Melendez J.A. (2005). Mitochondrial H2O2 regulates the angiogenic phenotype via PTEN oxidation.J. Biol. Chem,280: 16916–16924.
[17] Connor KM , Hempel N., Nelson K.K., Dabiri G., Gamarra A., Belarmino J, Van De W.L.,Mian B.M. and Melendez J.A. (2007). Manganese superoxide dismutase enhances the invasive and migratory activity of tumor cells.Cancer Res, 67: 10260– 10267.
[18] RonnieTung-Ping Poon, Sheung-Tat Fan, John Wong. Clinical Implications of Circulating Angiogenic Factors in Cancer Patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19(4): 1207- 1225.
[19] Nadine Hempel, Hanqing Ye, Bryan Abessi, Badar MianJ. and Andres Melendez, (2009). Altered redox status accompanies progression to metastatic human bladder cancer. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 46 (1): 42–50.
[20] Madkour B. S.; Bekheet I.W., El Baz A.G., Ghobashy S.; El-Ganzory H. and Essawy F.M.(2010). Prognostic and Predictive Significance of Haemostatic and Angiogenic Parameters in Cancer Bladder Patients. Journal of American Science, 6(11): 1092-1097.
[21] Marti HH and Risau W. (1998). Systemic hypoxia changes the organ-specific distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95: 15809- 15814.
[22] Yang J., Wu H.F., Qian L.X., Zhang W., Hua L.X., Y M.L., Wang Z., Xu Z.Q., Sui Y.G. and Wang X.R.(2006). Increased expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-C and VEGF receptor-3 in prostate cancer tissue are associated with tumor progression. Asian J Androl, 8 : 169-175.
[23] Smith SD, Wheeler MA, Plescia J, Colberg JW, Weiss RM and Altieri DC. (2001). Urine detection of survivin and diagnosis of bladder cancer. J Am Med Assoc, 285: 324– 328.
[24] Shariat S.F., Tokunaga H., Zhou J., Kim J., Ayala G.E., Benedict W.F. andLerner S.P. (2004). P53, P21,pRB, P16 expression predict clinical outcome in cystectomy with bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol, 22: 1014–1024.
[25] Weikert S., Christoph F., Schrader M., Krause H., Miller K.and Muller M. (2005). Quantitative analysis of survivin mRNA expression in urine and tumor tissue of bladder cancer patients and its potential relevance for disease detection and prognosis. Int J Cancer, 116: 100–104.
[26] Moussa O, Abol-Enein H and Bissada NK. (2006). Evaluation of survivin reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for noninvasive detection of bladder cancer. J Urol, 175: 2312– 2316.
[27] Kenney DM, Geschwindt RD, Kary MR, Linic JM, Sardesai NY and Li ZQ. (2007). Detection of newly diagnosed bladder cancer, bladder cancer recurrence and bladder cancer in patients with hematuria using quantitative rt-PCR of urinary survivin. Tumour Biol, 28: 57–62.
[28] Swana H.S., Grossman D., Anthony J.N., Weiss RM and Altieri D.C.( 1999 ) . Tumor content of the antiapoptosis molecule survivin and recurrence of bladder cancer. N Engl J Med,341: 452- 453.
[29] Nouraee N., Mowla, S., Ozhand, A., Parvin, M., Ziaee S and Hatefi N. (2009). Expression of Survivin and Its Spliced Variants in Bladder Tumors as a Potential Prognostic Marker. Urology j, 6(2):101-107.
[30] Yaser Atlasi, Seyed Javad Mowla and Seyed Amir-Mohsen Ziaee M.D. (2009). Differential expression of survivin and its splice variants, survivin-DEx3 and survivin-2B, in bladder cancer.Cancer Detection and Prevention, 32: 308–313.
[31] Schultz I., Kiemeney L.,Witjes J.A., Schalken J.,Willems J., Swinkels D. and De Kok J.B. (2003). Survivin mRNA expression is elevated in malignant urothelial cell carcinomas and predicts time to recurrence. Anticancer Res, 23: 3327–3331.
[32] Schultz I., Kiemeney L., Karthaus H.,Witjes J.A.,Willems J., Swinkels D., Gunnewiek J.M. andDe Kok J.B. (2004). Survivin mRNA copy number in bladder washings predicts tumor recurrence in patients with superficial urothelial cell carcinomas. Clin Chem, 50: 1425–1428.
[33] Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, Samuels A, Tiwari RC and Ghafoor A. (2005). Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin, 55: 10-30.
[34] Kirkali Z , Chan T , Manoharan M ,Algaba F, Busch C, Cheng L, Kiemeney L, Kriegmair M, Montironi R, Murphy WM, Sesterhenn IA, Tachibana M and Weider, (2005). J.Bladder cancer: epidemiology, staging and grading, and diagnosis. Urology, 66: 4–34.
[35] Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Murray T, Thun M.J. (2008). Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin, 58 (2): 71-96.
[36] Parkin DM. (2008). The global burden of urinary bladder cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl, 218: 12-20.
[37] Farha A El-Chennawi, Fatma A Auf, Shereen S Metwally, Youssef M Mosaad, Atallah A Shaaban, Mahmoud Abdo El-Baz, Ziyad E Tawhid and Zakaria F Lotfy. (2009). Vascular endothelial growth factor, p53, and the H-ras oncogene in Egyptian patients with bladder cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol, 1(1): 62-68.
[38] Sung Y. Oh, Hyuk-Chan Kwon, Sung-Hyun Kim, Jin S. Jang, Min C. Kim, Kyeong H. Kim, Jin-Yeong Han, Chung O. Kim, Su-Jin Kim, Jin-sook Jeong and Hyo-Jin Kim, (2008). Clinicopathologic significance of HIF-1α, p53, and VEGF expression and preoperative serum VEGF level in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer, 8: 123.
[39] Yong-Gang Lv, Fang Yu, Qing Yao, Jiang-Hao Chen, and Ling Wang, (2010). The role of survivin in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. J Thorac Dis, 2(2): 100–110.
[40] Iman J. Schultz, J. Alfred Witjes, Dorine W. Swinkels and Jacques B. de Kok, (2006). Bladder cancer diagnosis and recurrence prognosis: Comparison of markers with emphasis on surviving. Clinica Chimica Acta, 368(1–2): 20–32.
[41] Weiss C., von Römer F., Capalbo G., Ott O.J., Wittlinger M., Krause S.F., Sauer R., Rödel C. and Rödel F. (2009). Survivin expression as a predictive marker for local control in patients with high-risk T1 bladder cancer treated with transurethral resection and radiochemotherapy.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 74: 1455- 1460.
[42] Zeegers M.P., Kellen E., Buntinx F. and Van den Brandt P.A.(2004). The association between smoking, beverage consumption, diet and bladder cancer: a systematic literature review. World J Urol,21:392–401.
[43] Brinkman M, Buntinx F, Muls E and Zeegers MP. (2006).Use of selenium in chemoprevention of bladder cancer. Lancet Oncol,7:766–774.
[44] Yalcin O. , Karatas F., Erulas F.A. (2004). The levels of glutathioneperoxidase, vitamins A, E, C, and lipid peroxidation in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. BJU Int, 93 : 863– 866.
[45] Arikan S, Akcay T, Konukoglu D, Obek C and Kural AR (2005) .The relationship between antioxidant enzymes and bladder cancer. Neoplasma, 52: 314 – 317.
[46] Barry Halliwell(2007). Oxidative stress and cancer: have we moved forward?. Biochem. J, 401: 1–11.
[47] Sinko I. , Monika M. and Istevan R. (2005). Effect of smoking on DNA Damage. JReproductive Toxicology,20(1): 65-71.
[48] Nishigori C, Hattori Y and Toyokuni S.(2004). Role of reactive oxygen species in skin carcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal, 6: 561-570.
[49] Kc S, Carcamo JM and Golde DW. (2006). Antioxidants prevent oxidative DNA damage and cellular transformation elicited by the over-expression of c-MYC. Mutat Res, 593: 64-79.
[50] Hélène Larue,Pierre Allard, Maryse Simoneau, Claire Normand, Christian Pfister, Lynne Moore, Francıois Meyer, Bernard Têtu and Yves Fradet, (2000).P53 point mutations in initial superficial bladder cancer occur only in tumors from current or recent cigarette smokers.Carcinogenesis,21 (1 ):101-106.
[51] Esrig D, Spruck CH 3d, Nichols PW, Chaiwun B, Steven K and Groshen S.(1993). p53 nuclear protein accumulation correlates with mutations in the p53 gene, tumor grade, and stage in bladder cancer. Am J Pathol, 143: 1389-1397.
[52] Lee E. Moore, Allan H. Smith, Clarence Eng, Sandy DeVries, Dave Kalman and Vivek Bhargava, (2003). P53alterations in bladder tumors from arsenic and tobacco exposed patients. Carcinogenesis, 24(11): 1785- 1791.
[53] Yin W., Chen N. and Zhang Y. (2006). Survivin nuclear labeling index:A superior biomarker in superficial urothelial carcinoma of human urinary bladder. Mod Pathol, 19: 1487 – 1497.
[54] Karam JA, Lotan Y, Karakiewicz PI, Ashfaq R, Sagalowsky AI, Roehrborn CG and Shariat SF. (2007). Use of combined apoptosis biomarkers for prediction of bladder cancer recurrence and mortality after radical cystectomy. Lancet Oncol, 8: 128–136.
[55] KUJ , Kwak, C, Lee, H., Park, H., Lee E. and Lee S. (2004). Expression of Survivin, a novel inhibitor of apoptosis, in superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.The journal of Urology, 171: 631-635.
[56] Dhafer S. Alabbasi, (2011). Expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in squamous bladder cancer with different grades of differentiation. Kufa Medical Journal, 14(1): 40 -46.
[57] LehnerR, Lucia MS, Jarboe EA, Orlicky D, Shroyer AL, McGregor JA and Shroyer K .R.(2002). Immunohistochemical localization of the IAP protein survivin in bladder mucosa and transitional cell carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 10: 134- 138.
[58] Shariat S.F., Ashfaq R. and Karakiewicz P.I. (2007). Survivin expression is associated with bladder cancer presence, stage, progression,and mortality. Cancer, 109: 1106-1113.
[59] Esrig D, Elmajian D, Groshen S, Freeman JA, Stein JP and Chen SC. (1994). Accumulation of nuclear p53 and tumor progression in bladder cancer. N Engl J Med, 331: 1259-1264.
[60] Sidransky D. and Hollstein M. (1996). Clinical implications of the P53 gene. Ann Rev Med, 47: 285- 901.
[61] Moch H, Sauter G and Mihatsch MJ. (1994). P53 but not erbB-2 expression is associated with rapid tumor proliferation in urinary bladder cancer. Human Pathol, 25: 1346-1350.
[62] Yang C.C., Chu K.C, Yeh W.M. (2004). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder is correlated with cancer progression. Urol Oncol, 22: 1-6.
[63] Lazaros Skagias, Ekaterini Politi, Andreas Karameris, Dimitrios Sambaziotis, Athanasios Archondakis, Apostolos Ntinis, Iraklis Moreas,Olympia Vasou1, Helen Koutselini and Efstratios Patsouris, (2009). Survivin expression as a strong indicator of recurrence in urothelial bladder cancer. Predictive value of nuclear versus cytoplasmic staining. Anticancer research, 29: 4163- 4168.
[64] Lee GH, Joo YE, Koh YS, Chung IJ, Park YK, Lee JH, Kim HS, Choi SK, Rew JS, Park CS and Kim SJ. (2006). Expression of survivin in gastric cancer and its relationship with tumor angiogenesis.Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 18: 957- 963.
[65] Yu-Hong Li,Chun-Fang Hu, Qiong Shao, Ma-Yan Huang, Jing-Hui Hou, Dan Xie, Yi-Xin Zeng and Jian-Yong Shao, (2008). Elevated expressions of survivin and VEGF protein are strong independent predictors of survival in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Journal of Translational Medicine, 6: 1.
[66] Chang W Feng, Li D Wang, Lian H Jiao, Bin Liu, Shu Zhengand Xin J Xie, (2002). Expression of p53, inducible nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial growth factor in gastric precancerous and cancerous lesions: correlation with clinical features. BMC Cancer, 2: 8.
[67] Ang Yuan, Chong-Jen Yu, Kwen-Tay Luh, Sow-Hsong Kuo, Yung-Chie Lee, and Pan-Chyr Yang, (2002). Aberrant p53 Expression Correlates With Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA and Interleukin-8 mRNA and Neoangiogenesis in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer.J Clin Oncol, 20(4): 900- 910.
[68] Stavropoulos N.E., Bouropoulos C., Ioachim I.E., Michael M., Hastazeris K, Tsimaris I., Kalogeras D., Liamis Z., Stefanaki S. andAgnantis N.I. (2004). Prognostic significance of angiogenesis in superficial bladdercancer. Int Urol Nephrol, 36(2): 163-167.
[69] Meng Wang .Bao – Gang Liu .Zhao-Yang, Xuan Hong and Gong –Yan Chen, (2012). Significance of surviving expression: Prognostic value and survival in stage III non- small cell lung cancer. Experimental and Therapeutic medicine, 3: 983- 988.
[70] Lu C.D., Altieri D.C. and Tanigawa N. (1998). Expression of a novel anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, correlated with tumour cell apoptosis and p53 accumulation in gastric carcinomas. Cancer Res, 58: 1808 –1812.
[71] Kayaselcuk F., Nursal T.Z., A. Polat, Noyan T., Yildirim S., Tarim A., and Seydioglu G. (2004). Expression of Survivin, Bcl-2, P53 and Bax in Breast Carcinoma and Ductal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (DIN 1a). J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res,23: 1.
[72] Halasova E., Adamkov M., Kavcova E., Matakova T., L. Musak L., Vybohova D., Janickova M.,Mistuna D., Singliar A. ( 2009). Expression of Anti-Apoptotic Protein Surviin and Tumor Supppressor P53protein in Patients with Pulmonary Carcinoma. Eur J Med Res, 14: 97-100.
[73] Jin H.O., Yoon S.I., Seo S.K., Lee H.C., Woo S.H., Yoo D.H.,Lee S.J., Choe T.B., An S., Kwon T.J., Kim J.I., Park M.J., HongS.I., Park I.C., Rhee C.H. (2006). Synergistic induction of apoptosis by sulindac and arse nic trioxide in human lung cancer A549 cells via reactive oxygen species-dependent downregulation of survivin. Biochem Pharmacol, 7210: 1228- 1236.
[74] Margulis V, Shariat SF, AshfaqR, Sagalowsky AI and Lotan Y. (2006). Ki-67 is an independent predictor of bladder cancer outcome in patients treated with radical cystectomy for organ-confined disease. Clin Cancer Res, 12: 7369–7373.
[75] Chatterjee SJ, Datar R, Youssefzadeh D, George B, Goebell PJ, Stein JP, Young L, Shi SR, Gee C, Groshen S, Skinner DG and Cote RJ.(2004). Combined effects of p53, p21, and pRb expression in the progression of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol,22: 1007–1013.
[76] Shariat S.F., Karakiewicz P.I., Ashfaq R., Lerner S.P., Palapattu G.S., Cote R.J., Sagalowsky A.I. andLotan Y. (2008). Multiple biomarkers improve prediction of bladder cancer recurrence and mortality in patients undergoing cystectomy. Cancer, 112: 315–325.
Author Information
  • Ministry of Health, E rbil, Iraq

  • Academic faculty, College of Pharmacy / Hawler Medical University, Clinical Analysis Department, Havalan city, Erbil, Iraq

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ahmed Nabeel Ahmed, Shatha Rouf Moustafa. (2015). Clinical Utility of Altered Expressions of P53,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Survivin in Patients with Bladder Cancer. Cancer Research Journal, 3(2), 28-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ahmed Nabeel Ahmed; Shatha Rouf Moustafa. Clinical Utility of Altered Expressions of P53,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Survivin in Patients with Bladder Cancer. Cancer Res. J. 2015, 3(2), 28-41. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ahmed Nabeel Ahmed, Shatha Rouf Moustafa. Clinical Utility of Altered Expressions of P53,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Survivin in Patients with Bladder Cancer. Cancer Res J. 2015;3(2):28-41. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12,
      author = {Ahmed Nabeel Ahmed and Shatha Rouf Moustafa},
      title = {Clinical Utility of Altered Expressions of P53,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Survivin in Patients with Bladder Cancer},
      journal = {Cancer Research Journal},
      volume = {3},
      number = {2},
      pages = {28-41},
      doi = {10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.crj.20150302.12},
      abstract = {Backgroundand Objectives: Bladder cancer is considered a major problem world wide. Aberrant P53, mutant vascular endothelial growth factor and deregulated expression of survivin were used as biochemical markers for investigation, prognosis and follow up. Aims: This study was conducted to assess the prognostic impact of altered expressions of these parameters in Erbil population with bladder cancer and correlated with other confounding factors age, gender and smoking effects, these factors also correlated with histopathologic characteristics such as grade and stage. Patients and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 50 newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer, in addition 50 apparently healthy adults age – sex matched were also involved in this study. Serum parameters levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Patients had these general criteria, newly discovered cases, no deep x-ray therapy, no chemotherapy, no hormonal therapy with histologic and cytologic confirmation of bladder cancer. Statistical Study: Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 18. Results: The mean serum P53,vascular endothelial growth factor and survivin levels in patient and control groups were P53= 1.682 ±0.665, 1.192 ± 0.284, vascular endothelial growth factor = 5.296 ±2.8, 2.000 ±0.704 and survivin = 5.468±0.715, 4.240±0.656 respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that, serum parameters levels were significantly increased in patients as compared with control group p< 0.001. Conclusion: Data revealed for the first time the relation between altered expressions of interested parameters in combination pattern with the incidence of bladder cancer in Erbil population, which has not previously reported in this region.This study tested the hypothesis and supported the concept that higher serum levels of these parameters might be a pathogenic and prognostic factors and a markers of tumor aggressiveness in bladder cancer. Early diagnosis is necessary for maximizing the rate of therapy. The gold standard care for the investigating of bladder cancer is cystoscopy which detects tumors accurately but it is invasive, expensive, and represents a high burden to the patients, and also, small papillary and flat-growing cancer may be missed. Regular cystoscopic examinations performed for monitoring the patients, because the recurrent rate is high. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the possibilities for replacing cystoscopy with more accurate, safe, no expensive, noninvasive diagnostic test and to recognize a new approach for providing opportunities for early detection which is an important goal to speed up the therapy of patients.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Clinical Utility of Altered Expressions of P53,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Survivin in Patients with Bladder Cancer
    AU  - Ahmed Nabeel Ahmed
    AU  - Shatha Rouf Moustafa
    Y1  - 2015/03/31
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12
    T2  - Cancer Research Journal
    JF  - Cancer Research Journal
    JO  - Cancer Research Journal
    SP  - 28
    EP  - 41
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8214
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12
    AB  - Backgroundand Objectives: Bladder cancer is considered a major problem world wide. Aberrant P53, mutant vascular endothelial growth factor and deregulated expression of survivin were used as biochemical markers for investigation, prognosis and follow up. Aims: This study was conducted to assess the prognostic impact of altered expressions of these parameters in Erbil population with bladder cancer and correlated with other confounding factors age, gender and smoking effects, these factors also correlated with histopathologic characteristics such as grade and stage. Patients and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 50 newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer, in addition 50 apparently healthy adults age – sex matched were also involved in this study. Serum parameters levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Patients had these general criteria, newly discovered cases, no deep x-ray therapy, no chemotherapy, no hormonal therapy with histologic and cytologic confirmation of bladder cancer. Statistical Study: Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 18. Results: The mean serum P53,vascular endothelial growth factor and survivin levels in patient and control groups were P53= 1.682 ±0.665, 1.192 ± 0.284, vascular endothelial growth factor = 5.296 ±2.8, 2.000 ±0.704 and survivin = 5.468±0.715, 4.240±0.656 respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that, serum parameters levels were significantly increased in patients as compared with control group p< 0.001. Conclusion: Data revealed for the first time the relation between altered expressions of interested parameters in combination pattern with the incidence of bladder cancer in Erbil population, which has not previously reported in this region.This study tested the hypothesis and supported the concept that higher serum levels of these parameters might be a pathogenic and prognostic factors and a markers of tumor aggressiveness in bladder cancer. Early diagnosis is necessary for maximizing the rate of therapy. The gold standard care for the investigating of bladder cancer is cystoscopy which detects tumors accurately but it is invasive, expensive, and represents a high burden to the patients, and also, small papillary and flat-growing cancer may be missed. Regular cystoscopic examinations performed for monitoring the patients, because the recurrent rate is high. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the possibilities for replacing cystoscopy with more accurate, safe, no expensive, noninvasive diagnostic test and to recognize a new approach for providing opportunities for early detection which is an important goal to speed up the therapy of patients.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections