Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines

Manabu Asakawa; Shintaro Tsuruda; Yasuyuki Ishimoto; Michitaka Shimomura; Kazuo Kishimoto; Yasuo Shida; Mercy Barte-Quilantang; Gloria Gomez-Delan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11

Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines

Manabu Asakawa, Shintaro Tsuruda, Yasuyuki Ishimoto, Michitaka Shimomura, Kazuo Kishimoto, Yasuo Shida, Mercy Barte-Quilantang, Gloria Gomez-Delan

Published in Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 1 August 2014 Accepted: 26 August 2014 Published: 20 September 2014

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Abstract

Attempts were made to assess the toxicity and to analyze paralytic toxin profiles of xanthid crab Atergatis floridus collected on two reefs on the left- and the right-side, tentatively designated as site A and B, separated by the passage at the outside of Kabira Bay in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan in comparison with those of the same crabs from Camotes Island off the eastern coast of Cebu Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. They were dissected into 4 parts; carapace, viscera, appendage and muscle of appendage. Muscle of appendage was highly toxic, and the maximum toxicity of 4,641±972MU/g as paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) was recorded in the specimens from the right-side reef (site B). Toxicity assays showed that all of them were toxic irrespective of the crab-collecting years, locations, and tissues, and in addition to these, there seemed to be marked narrow regionality and individual variation of toxicity and toxin profiles. Toxicity of Ishigaki specimens was seemed to be higher than that of Camotes specimens. Toxin profiles of the viscera of A.floridus were examined by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection (HPLC-FLD) analysis. In the viscera of A.floridus from site A in June, 2007, relative abundances (mole %) of carbamoyl-N-hydroxyneosaxitoxin (hyneoSTX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), and saxitoxin (STX) were high (98%), and only 2% of gonyautoxin 2(GTX2) were contained in addition to similar amounts (3%) of decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX). Its viscera from site B in the same month possessed GTX2 (36%) and STX group (63 %) predominantly, and only 1% of GTX1 was contained in addition to similar amount (2%) of STX. Their viscera possessed STX group as the major components (89%) along with the GTX4 (11%) as the minor. On the other hand, PSP compositions of the viscera of Camotes specimen resembled to that of the viscera from the specimens on site A in Kabira Bay with higher GTX4 but lower hyneoSTX. A solitary outstanding difference of toxin profiles in both crabs was the occurrence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the Camotes specimen due to the results of HPLC-FLD and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.

Published in	Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11
Page(s)	75-81
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Xanthid Crab, Atergatis floridus, Paralytic Shellfish Poison, Tetrodotoxin, Ishigaki Island, Camotes Island, Philippines, HPLC-FID, GC-MS, Gonyautoxin, Saxitoxin

References

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[26]	T.Yasumoto, H.Nagai, D.Yasumura, T.Michishita, T.Endo, M.Yotsu and Y.Kotaki, “Interspecies Distribution and Possible Origin of Tetrodotoxin”, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, vol.479, pp.44-51, 1986.
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[28]	O.Arakawa, T.Noguchi, Y.Shida and Y.Onoue, “Occurrence of 11-oxotetrodotoxin and 11-nortetrodotoxin-6(R)-ol in a xanthid crab Atergatis floridus collected at Kojima, Ishigaki Island”, Fisheries. Scencei, vol.60, pp.769-771, 1994.
[29]	Y.H.Tsai, D.F.Hwang, T.J.Chai and S.S.Jeng, “Occurrence of tetrodotoxinand paralytic shellfish poison in the Taiwanese crab Lophozozymus pictor”, Toxicon, vol.33, pp.1669-1673, 1995.
[30]	T.Yasumoto, D.Yasumura, Y.Ohizumi, M.Takahashi, A.C.Alcala and L.C.Alcala, “Palytoxins in two species of xanthid crabs from the Philippines”, Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, vol.50, pp.163-167, 1986.
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Manabu Asakawa, Shintaro Tsuruda, Yasuyuki Ishimoto, Michitaka Shimomura, Kazuo Kishimoto, et al. (2014). Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3(5), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11

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ACS Style

Manabu Asakawa; Shintaro Tsuruda; Yasuyuki Ishimoto; Michitaka Shimomura; Kazuo Kishimoto, et al. Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2014, 3(5), 75-81. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11

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Manabu Asakawa, Shintaro Tsuruda, Yasuyuki Ishimoto, Michitaka Shimomura, Kazuo Kishimoto, et al. Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. Sci J Clin Med. 2014;3(5):75-81. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11,
  author = {Manabu Asakawa and Shintaro Tsuruda and Yasuyuki Ishimoto and Michitaka Shimomura and Kazuo Kishimoto and Yasuo Shida and Mercy Barte-Quilantang and Gloria Gomez-Delan},
  title = {Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {75-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20140305.11},
  abstract = {Attempts were made to assess the toxicity and to analyze paralytic toxin profiles of xanthid crab Atergatis floridus collected on two reefs on the left- and the right-side, tentatively designated as site A and B, separated by the passage at the outside of Kabira Bay in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan in comparison with those of the same crabs from Camotes Island off the eastern coast of Cebu Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. They were dissected into 4 parts; carapace, viscera, appendage and muscle of appendage. Muscle of appendage was highly toxic, and the maximum toxicity of 4,641±972MU/g as paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) was recorded in the specimens from the right-side reef (site B).  Toxicity assays showed that all of them were toxic irrespective of the crab-collecting years, locations, and tissues, and in addition to these, there seemed to be marked narrow regionality and individual variation of toxicity and toxin profiles. Toxicity of Ishigaki specimens was seemed to be higher than that of Camotes specimens. Toxin profiles of the viscera of A.floridus were examined by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection (HPLC-FLD) analysis. In the viscera of A.floridus from site A in June, 2007, relative abundances (mole %) of carbamoyl-N-hydroxyneosaxitoxin (hyneoSTX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), and saxitoxin (STX) were high (98%), and only 2% of gonyautoxin 2(GTX2) were contained in addition to similar amounts (3%) of decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX). Its viscera from site B in the same month possessed GTX2 (36%) and STX group (63 %) predominantly, and only 1% of GTX1 was contained in addition to similar amount (2%) of STX. Their viscera possessed STX group as the major components (89%) along with the GTX4 (11%) as the minor. On the other hand, PSP compositions of the viscera of Camotes specimen resembled to that of the viscera from the specimens on site A in Kabira Bay with higher GTX4 but lower hyneoSTX. A solitary outstanding difference of toxin profiles in both crabs was the occurrence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the Camotes specimen due to the results of HPLC-FLD and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines
AU  - Manabu Asakawa
AU  - Shintaro Tsuruda
AU  - Yasuyuki Ishimoto
AU  - Michitaka Shimomura
AU  - Kazuo Kishimoto
AU  - Yasuo Shida
AU  - Mercy Barte-Quilantang
AU  - Gloria Gomez-Delan
Y1  - 2014/09/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11
T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP  - 75
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2732
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11
AB  - Attempts were made to assess the toxicity and to analyze paralytic toxin profiles of xanthid crab Atergatis floridus collected on two reefs on the left- and the right-side, tentatively designated as site A and B, separated by the passage at the outside of Kabira Bay in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan in comparison with those of the same crabs from Camotes Island off the eastern coast of Cebu Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. They were dissected into 4 parts; carapace, viscera, appendage and muscle of appendage. Muscle of appendage was highly toxic, and the maximum toxicity of 4,641±972MU/g as paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) was recorded in the specimens from the right-side reef (site B).  Toxicity assays showed that all of them were toxic irrespective of the crab-collecting years, locations, and tissues, and in addition to these, there seemed to be marked narrow regionality and individual variation of toxicity and toxin profiles. Toxicity of Ishigaki specimens was seemed to be higher than that of Camotes specimens. Toxin profiles of the viscera of A.floridus were examined by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection (HPLC-FLD) analysis. In the viscera of A.floridus from site A in June, 2007, relative abundances (mole %) of carbamoyl-N-hydroxyneosaxitoxin (hyneoSTX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), and saxitoxin (STX) were high (98%), and only 2% of gonyautoxin 2(GTX2) were contained in addition to similar amounts (3%) of decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX). Its viscera from site B in the same month possessed GTX2 (36%) and STX group (63 %) predominantly, and only 1% of GTX1 was contained in addition to similar amount (2%) of STX. Their viscera possessed STX group as the major components (89%) along with the GTX4 (11%) as the minor. On the other hand, PSP compositions of the viscera of Camotes specimen resembled to that of the viscera from the specimens on site A in Kabira Bay with higher GTX4 but lower hyneoSTX. A solitary outstanding difference of toxin profiles in both crabs was the occurrence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the Camotes specimen due to the results of HPLC-FLD and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Manabu Asakawa

Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Food Science and Biofunctions Division, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
Shintaro Tsuruda

Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Food Science and Biofunctions Division, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
Yasuyuki Ishimoto

Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Food Science and Biofunctions Division, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
Michitaka Shimomura

Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History & Human History, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-0071, Japan
Kazuo Kishimoto

Okinawa Prefectural Fisheries Research and Extention Center, Ishigaki Branch, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907-0453, Japan
Yasuo Shida

Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
Mercy Barte-Quilantang

Institute of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, 5023 Iloilo, Philippines
Gloria Gomez-Delan

College of Fisheries Technology, Cebu Technological University - Carmen, Cebu Campus, 6005, Cebu, Philippines

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Manabu Asakawa, Shintaro Tsuruda, Yasuyuki Ishimoto, Michitaka Shimomura, Kazuo Kishimoto, et al. (2014). Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3(5), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11

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ACS Style

Manabu Asakawa; Shintaro Tsuruda; Yasuyuki Ishimoto; Michitaka Shimomura; Kazuo Kishimoto, et al. Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2014, 3(5), 75-81. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11

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AMA Style

Manabu Asakawa, Shintaro Tsuruda, Yasuyuki Ishimoto, Michitaka Shimomura, Kazuo Kishimoto, et al. Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. Sci J Clin Med. 2014;3(5):75-81. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11,
  author = {Manabu Asakawa and Shintaro Tsuruda and Yasuyuki Ishimoto and Michitaka Shimomura and Kazuo Kishimoto and Yasuo Shida and Mercy Barte-Quilantang and Gloria Gomez-Delan},
  title = {Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {75-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20140305.11},
  abstract = {Attempts were made to assess the toxicity and to analyze paralytic toxin profiles of xanthid crab Atergatis floridus collected on two reefs on the left- and the right-side, tentatively designated as site A and B, separated by the passage at the outside of Kabira Bay in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan in comparison with those of the same crabs from Camotes Island off the eastern coast of Cebu Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. They were dissected into 4 parts; carapace, viscera, appendage and muscle of appendage. Muscle of appendage was highly toxic, and the maximum toxicity of 4,641±972MU/g as paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) was recorded in the specimens from the right-side reef (site B).  Toxicity assays showed that all of them were toxic irrespective of the crab-collecting years, locations, and tissues, and in addition to these, there seemed to be marked narrow regionality and individual variation of toxicity and toxin profiles. Toxicity of Ishigaki specimens was seemed to be higher than that of Camotes specimens. Toxin profiles of the viscera of A.floridus were examined by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection (HPLC-FLD) analysis. In the viscera of A.floridus from site A in June, 2007, relative abundances (mole %) of carbamoyl-N-hydroxyneosaxitoxin (hyneoSTX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), and saxitoxin (STX) were high (98%), and only 2% of gonyautoxin 2(GTX2) were contained in addition to similar amounts (3%) of decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX). Its viscera from site B in the same month possessed GTX2 (36%) and STX group (63 %) predominantly, and only 1% of GTX1 was contained in addition to similar amount (2%) of STX. Their viscera possessed STX group as the major components (89%) along with the GTX4 (11%) as the minor. On the other hand, PSP compositions of the viscera of Camotes specimen resembled to that of the viscera from the specimens on site A in Kabira Bay with higher GTX4 but lower hyneoSTX. A solitary outstanding difference of toxin profiles in both crabs was the occurrence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the Camotes specimen due to the results of HPLC-FLD and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Paralytic Toxin Profiles of Xanthid Crab Atergatis Floridus Collected on Reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Camotes Island, Cebu Province, Philippines
AU  - Manabu Asakawa
AU  - Shintaro Tsuruda
AU  - Yasuyuki Ishimoto
AU  - Michitaka Shimomura
AU  - Kazuo Kishimoto
AU  - Yasuo Shida
AU  - Mercy Barte-Quilantang
AU  - Gloria Gomez-Delan
Y1  - 2014/09/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11
T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP  - 75
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2732
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140305.11
AB  - Attempts were made to assess the toxicity and to analyze paralytic toxin profiles of xanthid crab Atergatis floridus collected on two reefs on the left- and the right-side, tentatively designated as site A and B, separated by the passage at the outside of Kabira Bay in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan in comparison with those of the same crabs from Camotes Island off the eastern coast of Cebu Island, Cebu Province, Philippines. They were dissected into 4 parts; carapace, viscera, appendage and muscle of appendage. Muscle of appendage was highly toxic, and the maximum toxicity of 4,641±972MU/g as paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) was recorded in the specimens from the right-side reef (site B).  Toxicity assays showed that all of them were toxic irrespective of the crab-collecting years, locations, and tissues, and in addition to these, there seemed to be marked narrow regionality and individual variation of toxicity and toxin profiles. Toxicity of Ishigaki specimens was seemed to be higher than that of Camotes specimens. Toxin profiles of the viscera of A.floridus were examined by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection (HPLC-FLD) analysis. In the viscera of A.floridus from site A in June, 2007, relative abundances (mole %) of carbamoyl-N-hydroxyneosaxitoxin (hyneoSTX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), and saxitoxin (STX) were high (98%), and only 2% of gonyautoxin 2(GTX2) were contained in addition to similar amounts (3%) of decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX). Its viscera from site B in the same month possessed GTX2 (36%) and STX group (63 %) predominantly, and only 1% of GTX1 was contained in addition to similar amount (2%) of STX. Their viscera possessed STX group as the major components (89%) along with the GTX4 (11%) as the minor. On the other hand, PSP compositions of the viscera of Camotes specimen resembled to that of the viscera from the specimens on site A in Kabira Bay with higher GTX4 but lower hyneoSTX. A solitary outstanding difference of toxin profiles in both crabs was the occurrence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the Camotes specimen due to the results of HPLC-FLD and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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