Advances in Psychology and Neuroscience

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The Perceptions of Health Care Providers on the Current Therapeutic Utility of Codeine Containing Cough Syrups in Askira-Uba Local Government Area of Borno State Nigeria

Received: 17 July 2016    Accepted: 19 July 2016    Published: 14 February 2017
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Abstract

The non-medical consumption of codeine containing cough syrups (CCCS) in some communities of Northern Nigeria has become a subject of public concern of recent, largely due to its potential health hazards on the users and socio-economic impacts on the Society. The following work studied the drug prescribers’ and dispensers’ perceptions on the usage of CCCS within Askira Uba Local Government Area (LGA) of Borno State of Nigeria. The work aimed at understanding some health care providers’ views of the therapeutic relevance of CCCS against the background of its abuse in Askira/Uba LGA. A questionnaire based survey was conducted within the study area. Health care providers, categorised into prescribers and dispensers were recruited and administered structured questionnaire. The questionnaire basically addressed demography of health care providers and socio-political factors surrounding the therapeutic utility of CCCS. Data obtained were analysed using simple descriptive and inferential statics. The majority of the prescribers and dispensers were male of six to ten years of practice. The majority of patent medicine vendors did not support the idea of transferring CCCS from the Over-The-Counter (OTC) list to the Prescription-only-Medicine (PoM) list as against the perceptions of the other dispensers (pharmacists) as well as that of the prescribers. On the other hand, the notion of putting a ban on CCCS was supported by the majority of prescribers while the majority of the dispensers felt that a ban might not be necessary. Primary health care providers within Askira Uba LGA of Borno State have supported the idea of reclassifying CCCS from the OTC category to the PoM category with a view of controlling its distribution.

DOI 10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.11
Published in Advances in Psychology and Neuroscience (Volume 2, Issue 2-1, March 2017)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Substance Abuse: Perspectives, Trends, Issues and the Way Forward

Page(s) 1-6
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cough, Codeine, Narcotics, Askira-Uba, Borno State, Nigeria, Control Substances, Prescribers, Dispensers, Patent Drug Vendors

References
[1] Howard BG, Huda A. Opioid analgesics In Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. 2003; 21: 355–371.
[2] Matthys H, Bleicher B, Bleicher U. Dextromethorphan and codeine: Objective assessment of antitussive activity in patients with chronic cough. J. Int. Med. Res., 1983; 11: 92-100.
[3] Dankani IM. Abuse of cough syrup as a new trend in drug abuse among the youths in five (5) Northwestern States of Nigeria. Inter J of Physical and Social Sciences (IJPSS). 2012; 2 (8) 2249-5894.
[4] Ellenhorn MJ, Barceloux DG. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., 1988., p. 731.
[5] Haifeng H, Shugui Y, Shaowei J, Shu H, Taotao S, Qing C, Rong F. Decreased striatal dopamine transporters in codeine-containing cough syrup abusers. Decreased striatal dopamine transporters in codeine-containing cough syrup abusers. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 2011; 118: 2-3.
[6] Senjo M. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in people that abuse codeine. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1991; 57(4): 455-62.
[7] Ying-wei Q, Xiao-fei L, Gui-hua J, Huan-huan S, Tian Y, Jun-zhang T, Xue-lin Z, Fu-zhen Z. Reduced ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) volume and impaired vmPFC-default mode network integration in codeine-containing cough syrups users. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 2013; 134.
[8] Li-Tzy W, George EW, Chongming Y, Dan GB. Subtypes of nonmedical opioid users: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 2010; 112 (1-2): 69–80.
[9] Lawan DAK, Adie VO. Nigeria: Codeine Abuse Spreads Among Kano Women. Daily Trust. Abuja 21 July 2012.
[10] Muhammad W. Issues in the geography of Borno State. https://www.academia.edu/12231605/Issues_in_the_Geography_of_Borno_State Accessed on 30th September, 2015.
[11] Pharmacist Council of Nigeria. Dangerous Drugs Act Cap 91 LFN 1990.
Author Information
  • Department of Ethno-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maidugri, Nigeria

  • Department of Ethno-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maidugri, Nigeria

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    Uthman Garba Sadiq, Danjuma Charles Uba. (2017). The Perceptions of Health Care Providers on the Current Therapeutic Utility of Codeine Containing Cough Syrups in Askira-Uba Local Government Area of Borno State Nigeria. Advances in Psychology and Neuroscience, 2(2-1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.11

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    Uthman Garba Sadiq; Danjuma Charles Uba. The Perceptions of Health Care Providers on the Current Therapeutic Utility of Codeine Containing Cough Syrups in Askira-Uba Local Government Area of Borno State Nigeria. Adv. Psychol. Neurosci. 2017, 2(2-1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.11

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    AMA Style

    Uthman Garba Sadiq, Danjuma Charles Uba. The Perceptions of Health Care Providers on the Current Therapeutic Utility of Codeine Containing Cough Syrups in Askira-Uba Local Government Area of Borno State Nigeria. Adv Psychol Neurosci. 2017;2(2-1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.11,
      author = {Uthman Garba Sadiq and Danjuma Charles Uba},
      title = {The Perceptions of Health Care Providers on the Current Therapeutic Utility of Codeine Containing Cough Syrups in Askira-Uba Local Government Area of Borno State Nigeria},
      journal = {Advances in Psychology and Neuroscience},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2-1},
      pages = {1-6},
      doi = {10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.apn.s.2017020201.11},
      abstract = {The non-medical consumption of codeine containing cough syrups (CCCS) in some communities of Northern Nigeria has become a subject of public concern of recent, largely due to its potential health hazards on the users and socio-economic impacts on the Society. The following work studied the drug prescribers’ and dispensers’ perceptions on the usage of CCCS within Askira Uba Local Government Area (LGA) of Borno State of Nigeria. The work aimed at understanding some health care providers’ views of the therapeutic relevance of CCCS against the background of its abuse in Askira/Uba LGA. A questionnaire based survey was conducted within the study area. Health care providers, categorised into prescribers and dispensers were recruited and administered structured questionnaire. The questionnaire basically addressed demography of health care providers and socio-political factors surrounding the therapeutic utility of CCCS. Data obtained were analysed using simple descriptive and inferential statics. The majority of the prescribers and dispensers were male of six to ten years of practice. The majority of patent medicine vendors did not support the idea of transferring CCCS from the Over-The-Counter (OTC) list to the Prescription-only-Medicine (PoM) list as against the perceptions of the other dispensers (pharmacists) as well as that of the prescribers. On the other hand, the notion of putting a ban on CCCS was supported by the majority of prescribers while the majority of the dispensers felt that a ban might not be necessary. Primary health care providers within Askira Uba LGA of Borno State have supported the idea of reclassifying CCCS from the OTC category to the PoM category with a view of controlling its distribution.},
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