Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water

Y. N. Jiang; H. D. Ruan; S. Y. Lai; C. H. Lee; C. F. Yu; Z. Wu; X. Chen; S. He

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13

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Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water

Y. N. Jiang, H. D. Ruan, S. Y. Lai, C. H. Lee, C. F. Yu, Z. Wu, X. Chen, S. He

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 16 April 2013 Accepted: Published: 2 April 2013

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Abstract

Large quantities of solid waste are disposed to landfill sites in Hong Kong each year and these landfill sites will be filled within five years. Recycling of solid waste material has become a very urgent task and evaluation of its application in environmental remediation has been functioned recently. Mineral-containing waste material, which is one of the common solid waste components to be disposed to landfill sites in Hong Kong, was used to produce the modified clay mineral waste material (MCMWM) for removal of cadmium (Cd) in water. The physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of MCMWM related to Cd adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET specific surface area (SSA) and pore size distribution (PSD) measurements, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The particle size of MCMWM ranged from less than a few to tens of micrometers, and the particles had rough surface and structural defects. Specific surface area was 5.6 m2/g, with different types of external and internal pores being observed. The minerals in MCMWM were mainly 2:1 clay minerals. Smectite, illite, chlorite, feldspars, quartz, and calcium hydroxide were detected. Heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury and lead detected in MCMWM were much lower than the maximum allowed level for each kind of heavy metal based on the Dutch Standard that has been used worldwide. Cadmium adsorption by MCMWM was very rapid in solid/liquid interface as up to 90% of Cd2+ can be adsorbed within half hour of reaction. The amount of Cd2+ adsorbed increased but the rate of adsorption decreased with increasing concentration of Cd2+ in solution. The Cd2+ adsorption was related to the surface structure and chemistry, including SSA, PSD, surface defect, charge and bonding in MCMWM.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13
Page(s)	40-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adsorption, Heavy Metals, Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material (MCMWM), Pore Size Distribution (PSD), Specific Surface Area (SSA), Cadmium (Cd)

References

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APA Style

Y. N. Jiang, H. D. Ruan, S. Y. Lai, C. H. Lee, C. F. Yu, et al. (2013). Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water. Earth Sciences, 2(2), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13

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ACS Style

Y. N. Jiang; H. D. Ruan; S. Y. Lai; C. H. Lee; C. F. Yu, et al. Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water. Earth Sci. 2013, 2(2), 40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13

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AMA Style

Y. N. Jiang, H. D. Ruan, S. Y. Lai, C. H. Lee, C. F. Yu, et al. Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water. Earth Sci. 2013;2(2):40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13,
  author = {Y. N. Jiang and H. D. Ruan and S. Y. Lai and C. H. Lee and C. F. Yu and Z. Wu and X. Chen and S. He},
  title = {Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {40-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20130202.13},
  abstract = {Large quantities of solid waste are disposed to landfill sites in Hong Kong each year and these landfill sites will be filled within five years.  Recycling of solid waste material has become a very urgent task and evaluation of its application in environmental remediation has been functioned recently. Mineral-containing waste material, which is one of the common solid waste components to be disposed to landfill sites in Hong Kong, was used to produce the modified clay mineral waste material (MCMWM) for removal of cadmium (Cd) in water.  The physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of MCMWM related to Cd adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET specific surface area (SSA) and pore size distribution (PSD) measurements, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).  The particle size of MCMWM ranged from less than a few to tens of micrometers, and the particles had rough surface and structural defects.  Specific surface area was 5.6 m2/g, with different types of external and internal pores being observed.  The minerals in MCMWM were mainly 2:1 clay minerals.  Smectite, illite, chlorite, feldspars, quartz, and calcium hydroxide were detected.  Heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury and lead detected in MCMWM were much lower than the maximum allowed level for each kind of heavy metal based on the Dutch Standard that has been used worldwide.  Cadmium adsorption by MCMWM was very rapid in solid/liquid interface as up to 90% of Cd2+ can be adsorbed within half hour of reaction.  The amount of Cd2+ adsorbed increased but the rate of adsorption decreased with increasing concentration of Cd2+ in solution.  The Cd2+ adsorption was related to the surface structure and chemistry, including SSA, PSD, surface defect, charge and bonding in MCMWM.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water
AU - Y. N. Jiang
AU - H. D. Ruan
AU - S. Y. Lai
AU - C. H. Lee
AU - C. F. Yu
AU - Z. Wu
AU - X. Chen
AU - S. He
Y1 - 2013/04/02
PY - 2013
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13
DO - 10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13
T2 - Earth Sciences
JF - Earth Sciences
JO - Earth Sciences
SP - 40
EP - 46
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-5982
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13
AB - Large quantities of solid waste are disposed to landfill sites in Hong Kong each year and these landfill sites will be filled within five years. Recycling of solid waste material has become a very urgent task and evaluation of its application in environmental remediation has been functioned recently. Mineral-containing waste material, which is one of the common solid waste components to be disposed to landfill sites in Hong Kong, was used to produce the modified clay mineral waste material (MCMWM) for removal of cadmium (Cd) in water. The physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of MCMWM related to Cd adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET specific surface area (SSA) and pore size distribution (PSD) measurements, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The particle size of MCMWM ranged from less than a few to tens of micrometers, and the particles had rough surface and structural defects. Specific surface area was 5.6 m2/g, with different types of external and internal pores being observed. The minerals in MCMWM were mainly 2:1 clay minerals. Smectite, illite, chlorite, feldspars, quartz, and calcium hydroxide were detected. Heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury and lead detected in MCMWM were much lower than the maximum allowed level for each kind of heavy metal based on the Dutch Standard that has been used worldwide. Cadmium adsorption by MCMWM was very rapid in solid/liquid interface as up to 90% of Cd2+ can be adsorbed within half hour of reaction. The amount of Cd2+ adsorbed increased but the rate of adsorption decreased with increasing concentration of Cd2+ in solution. The Cd2+ adsorption was related to the surface structure and chemistry, including SSA, PSD, surface defect, charge and bonding in MCMWM.
VL - 2
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Y. N. Jiang

Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, United International College, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519085, P. R. China
H. D. Ruan

Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, United International College, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519085, P. R. China
S. Y. Lai

Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
C. H. Lee

Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, United International College, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519085, P. R. China
C. F. Yu

Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, United International College, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519085, P. R. China
Z. Wu

Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, United International College, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519085, P. R. China
X. Chen

Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, United International College, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519085, P. R. China
S. He

Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, United International College, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519085, P. R. China

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Y. N. Jiang, H. D. Ruan, S. Y. Lai, C. H. Lee, C. F. Yu, et al. (2013). Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water. Earth Sciences, 2(2), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13

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ACS Style

Y. N. Jiang; H. D. Ruan; S. Y. Lai; C. H. Lee; C. F. Yu, et al. Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water. Earth Sci. 2013, 2(2), 40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13

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AMA Style

Y. N. Jiang, H. D. Ruan, S. Y. Lai, C. H. Lee, C. F. Yu, et al. Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water. Earth Sci. 2013;2(2):40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13,
  author = {Y. N. Jiang and H. D. Ruan and S. Y. Lai and C. H. Lee and C. F. Yu and Z. Wu and X. Chen and S. He},
  title = {Recycling of Solid Waste Material In Hong Kong: I. Properties of Modified Clay Mineral Waste Material and its Application for Removal of Cadmium In Water},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {40-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130202.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20130202.13},
  abstract = {Large quantities of solid waste are disposed to landfill sites in Hong Kong each year and these landfill sites will be filled within five years.  Recycling of solid waste material has become a very urgent task and evaluation of its application in environmental remediation has been functioned recently. Mineral-containing waste material, which is one of the common solid waste components to be disposed to landfill sites in Hong Kong, was used to produce the modified clay mineral waste material (MCMWM) for removal of cadmium (Cd) in water.  The physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of MCMWM related to Cd adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET specific surface area (SSA) and pore size distribution (PSD) measurements, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).  The particle size of MCMWM ranged from less than a few to tens of micrometers, and the particles had rough surface and structural defects.  Specific surface area was 5.6 m2/g, with different types of external and internal pores being observed.  The minerals in MCMWM were mainly 2:1 clay minerals.  Smectite, illite, chlorite, feldspars, quartz, and calcium hydroxide were detected.  Heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury and lead detected in MCMWM were much lower than the maximum allowed level for each kind of heavy metal based on the Dutch Standard that has been used worldwide.  Cadmium adsorption by MCMWM was very rapid in solid/liquid interface as up to 90% of Cd2+ can be adsorbed within half hour of reaction.  The amount of Cd2+ adsorbed increased but the rate of adsorption decreased with increasing concentration of Cd2+ in solution.  The Cd2+ adsorption was related to the surface structure and chemistry, including SSA, PSD, surface defect, charge and bonding in MCMWM.},
 year = {2013}
}

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