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Surface and Crustal Study Based on Digital Elevation Modeling and 2-D Gravity Forward Modeling in Thandiani to Boi Areas of Hazara Region, Pakistan

Received: 25 July 2020    Accepted: 10 August 2020    Published: 19 August 2020
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Abstract

Gravity data indicates that there is a regular relation between crustal structure, crustal density (composition), and surface ascension. In order to delineate surface and subsurface geological structure features, and to calculate the thickness variation of the crust and sedimentary/metasedimentary wedges, integrated approach of Geographic Information System (GIS) i.e. digital elevation models (DEMs) and two-dimensional forward modeling of gravity data were utilized, which provide the best results for the primary objectives. Tectonically, the study area lies in the Lesser Himalayas as well as to an extent in the sub-Himalaya, more concretely in the western limb of Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis. Topographic data was accumulated in XYZ coordinates utilizing point heights method, and DEMs generation, manipulation, interpretation, and visualization process were directed to surfer-15 and ArcGIS software. Determinately the visualization of surface geological structure in the form of DEMs were proposed. The gravity stations in single contour mode have been quantified by using Scintrex CG-5 gravity meter. The collected gravity data was processed by standardizing corrections, two-dimensional forward modeling along with gravity profile were utilized and bouguer anomaly map and gravity model was computed utilizing bouguer density of 2.4 g/cm3, where the subsurface structures are demarcated by the bouguer anomaly and gravity model. In summary this research has allowed the validation of surface and subsurface geological structure visualization. Digital elevation models provide a defensive prediction of the geological structure of the regional surface. The gravity model demarcated a series of stratigraphic units with density boundaries within the basement. The gravity model also suggests that the thickness of sedimentary/metasedimentary wedge in Thandiani area is 11.48 km and in Boi area, the thickness elongates to about 14.43 km. The total thickness of crust in Thandiani and Boi area is 49.53 km and 52.43 km respectively.

DOI 10.11648/j.earth.20200904.13
Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2020)
Page(s) 130-142
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Digital Elevation Models, Gravity Model, Bouguer Anomaly, Crustal Study, Northwest Himalayas

References
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Author Information
  • School of Geosciences & Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China

  • Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

  • School of Geosciences & Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China

  • School of Geosciences & Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China

  • School of Geosciences & Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China

  • School of Geosciences & Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China

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    Umair Khan, Fawad Khan, Tahirinandraina Prudence Rabemaharitra, Malik Arsalan, Osama Abdulrahim, et al. (2020). Surface and Crustal Study Based on Digital Elevation Modeling and 2-D Gravity Forward Modeling in Thandiani to Boi Areas of Hazara Region, Pakistan. Earth Sciences, 9(4), 130-142. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200904.13

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    Umair Khan; Fawad Khan; Tahirinandraina Prudence Rabemaharitra; Malik Arsalan; Osama Abdulrahim, et al. Surface and Crustal Study Based on Digital Elevation Modeling and 2-D Gravity Forward Modeling in Thandiani to Boi Areas of Hazara Region, Pakistan. Earth Sci. 2020, 9(4), 130-142. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20200904.13

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    AMA Style

    Umair Khan, Fawad Khan, Tahirinandraina Prudence Rabemaharitra, Malik Arsalan, Osama Abdulrahim, et al. Surface and Crustal Study Based on Digital Elevation Modeling and 2-D Gravity Forward Modeling in Thandiani to Boi Areas of Hazara Region, Pakistan. Earth Sci. 2020;9(4):130-142. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20200904.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.earth.20200904.13,
      author = {Umair Khan and Fawad Khan and Tahirinandraina Prudence Rabemaharitra and Malik Arsalan and Osama Abdulrahim and Inayat Ur Rahman},
      title = {Surface and Crustal Study Based on Digital Elevation Modeling and 2-D Gravity Forward Modeling in Thandiani to Boi Areas of Hazara Region, Pakistan},
      journal = {Earth Sciences},
      volume = {9},
      number = {4},
      pages = {130-142},
      doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20200904.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200904.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20200904.13},
      abstract = {Gravity data indicates that there is a regular relation between crustal structure, crustal density (composition), and surface ascension. In order to delineate surface and subsurface geological structure features, and to calculate the thickness variation of the crust and sedimentary/metasedimentary wedges, integrated approach of Geographic Information System (GIS) i.e. digital elevation models (DEMs) and two-dimensional forward modeling of gravity data were utilized, which provide the best results for the primary objectives. Tectonically, the study area lies in the Lesser Himalayas as well as to an extent in the sub-Himalaya, more concretely in the western limb of Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis. Topographic data was accumulated in XYZ coordinates utilizing point heights method, and DEMs generation, manipulation, interpretation, and visualization process were directed to surfer-15 and ArcGIS software. Determinately the visualization of surface geological structure in the form of DEMs were proposed. The gravity stations in single contour mode have been quantified by using Scintrex CG-5 gravity meter. The collected gravity data was processed by standardizing corrections, two-dimensional forward modeling along with gravity profile were utilized and bouguer anomaly map and gravity model was computed utilizing bouguer density of 2.4 g/cm3, where the subsurface structures are demarcated by the bouguer anomaly and gravity model. In summary this research has allowed the validation of surface and subsurface geological structure visualization. Digital elevation models provide a defensive prediction of the geological structure of the regional surface. The gravity model demarcated a series of stratigraphic units with density boundaries within the basement. The gravity model also suggests that the thickness of sedimentary/metasedimentary wedge in Thandiani area is 11.48 km and in Boi area, the thickness elongates to about 14.43 km. The total thickness of crust in Thandiani and Boi area is 49.53 km and 52.43 km respectively.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Surface and Crustal Study Based on Digital Elevation Modeling and 2-D Gravity Forward Modeling in Thandiani to Boi Areas of Hazara Region, Pakistan
    AU  - Umair Khan
    AU  - Fawad Khan
    AU  - Tahirinandraina Prudence Rabemaharitra
    AU  - Malik Arsalan
    AU  - Osama Abdulrahim
    AU  - Inayat Ur Rahman
    Y1  - 2020/08/19
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200904.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20200904.13
    T2  - Earth Sciences
    JF  - Earth Sciences
    JO  - Earth Sciences
    SP  - 130
    EP  - 142
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5982
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200904.13
    AB  - Gravity data indicates that there is a regular relation between crustal structure, crustal density (composition), and surface ascension. In order to delineate surface and subsurface geological structure features, and to calculate the thickness variation of the crust and sedimentary/metasedimentary wedges, integrated approach of Geographic Information System (GIS) i.e. digital elevation models (DEMs) and two-dimensional forward modeling of gravity data were utilized, which provide the best results for the primary objectives. Tectonically, the study area lies in the Lesser Himalayas as well as to an extent in the sub-Himalaya, more concretely in the western limb of Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis. Topographic data was accumulated in XYZ coordinates utilizing point heights method, and DEMs generation, manipulation, interpretation, and visualization process were directed to surfer-15 and ArcGIS software. Determinately the visualization of surface geological structure in the form of DEMs were proposed. The gravity stations in single contour mode have been quantified by using Scintrex CG-5 gravity meter. The collected gravity data was processed by standardizing corrections, two-dimensional forward modeling along with gravity profile were utilized and bouguer anomaly map and gravity model was computed utilizing bouguer density of 2.4 g/cm3, where the subsurface structures are demarcated by the bouguer anomaly and gravity model. In summary this research has allowed the validation of surface and subsurface geological structure visualization. Digital elevation models provide a defensive prediction of the geological structure of the regional surface. The gravity model demarcated a series of stratigraphic units with density boundaries within the basement. The gravity model also suggests that the thickness of sedimentary/metasedimentary wedge in Thandiani area is 11.48 km and in Boi area, the thickness elongates to about 14.43 km. The total thickness of crust in Thandiani and Boi area is 49.53 km and 52.43 km respectively.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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