Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.

Sanjay Kumar; Lalit M. Tewari

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13

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Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.

Sanjay Kumar, Lalit M. Tewari

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 3)

Received: 25 May 2013 Accepted: Published: 20 June 2013

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Abstract

The studies on plant demography hold a considerable significance in plant ecology. Natural regeneration of different plant species through seeds depend primarily upon seed production, germination capacity of seeds and successful establishment of seedling. Successful regeneration of tree species might be considered to be a function of three major components; ability to initiate new seedlings, ability of seedlings and saplings to survive and ability of seedlings and saplings to grow. Several environmental stresses are known to affect the seedling growth but water stress isbelieved to be a major one. The canopy density and soil conditions also affect the growth of seedling.This study comprises three study sites located at29o 22’ N latitudes and 79o 29’ E longitudes along an elevation transect of 350 – 2500 m in Kumaun Himalaya. This region has certain characteristic climatic features. Though it falls under sub-tropical latitude, the abrupt rise in mountains creates a temperature comparable to that of a temperate climate. The seedling dynamics were studied at sal forest, banj oak forest and chir pine forest. For the computation of seedling mortalityand other characteristics, 2x2m permanent quadrats wereestablished in sal, chir-pine and banj oak forest. A total of 12 quadrats were placed in the stand (3 quadrats in each site). To record the mortality of the seedlings, all the seedlings of the year 2008 present in twelve quadrats in each forest were tagged. Their mortality was observed monthly from January 2009 – December 2009. Results show that mortality was very low (20%) at sal forest as compared to banj oak forest (25%) and chir pine forest (35%). The chir pine forest was heavily affected by human disturbance. So the seedling population was more affected if compared to two other sites. Since the biotic stress was negligible there was very little mortality during the study period in banj oak and sal forest suggesting that if biotic stress and natural disturbance is minimum, the rapid regeneration of Q. leucotrichophora and S. robusta would be possible.Current study provides information on the seedling dynamics in three forests types in the Kumaun Himalaya. Results show seedling mortality was very low (20%) at sal forest if compared to banj oak forest (25%) and chir pine forest (35%) so the rapid regeneration of Q. leucotrichophora and S. robusta would be possible.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13
Page(s)	91-94
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Seedling Mortality, Banj Oak Forest, Chir Pine Forest, Sal Forest, Kumaun Himalaya

References

[1]	Downs, R. J. (1964) Photocontrol of germination of seeds of the Bromeliaceae. Phyton. 21: 1-6.
[2]	Good, N. F. & Good, R. E. (1972) Publication dynamics of trees seedlings and saplings in the mature eastern hardwood forest. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 172-178.
[3]	Harper, J. L. & White, J. (1974) The demography of plants. Annu. Puri. Ecol. Syst. 5: 419-463.
[4]	Harper, J. L. (1965) Establishment, aggressioned, Co-habitation in weedy species, p 243-268. In H. G. Baker and G. L. Stebbins (eds.). The genetics of colonizing species. Academic Press. Inc. New York.
[5]	Joshi, B. (1990) Population dynamics and growth behavior of Quercus floribunda Lindl. seedlings in Kumaun Himalaya. Ph.D. Thesis, Kumaun University, Nainital, India.
[6]	Kumar, S. (2011) Studies on phenology and seedling dynamics of major tree and shrub species along an altitudinal gradient in Kumaun Himalaya. Ph.D Thesis, Kumaun University, Nainital,.
[7]	Mc Lemore, B. F. (1968) The influence of light on germination of long leaf pine seed. Dissertation Abstr. 2: 181-236.
[8]	Ramakrishnan, P. S. (1972) Individual adaptation and its significance in population dynamics. In biology of Land Plants (344-355) ed. V Puri eV al (Meerut Sarita Prakashan).
[9]	Rao, P. B. (1984) Regeneration of some trees of Western Kumaun Himalaaya. Ph.D. Thesis, Kumaun University, Nainital, India.
[10]	Rollin, P. (1971) Phytochrome control of seed germination, Phytochrome (ed. By R. Mitrakos and W. shrophashire, Jr.). 230-349.
[11]	Saxena, A. K. (1979) Ecology of vegetation complex of North-Western catchment of river Gola. Ph.D. Thesis, Kumaun University, Nainital.
[12]	Singh, J. S. & Singh, S. P. (1987) Forest vegetation of the Himalaya. The Botanical Review, 53(1): 80-192.
[13]	Singh, S. P. & Singh, J. S. (1985) Man and environment: The Central Himalayan Case. Biol. Mem. 11(1): 47-59.
[14]	Singh, S. P., Ralhan, P. K. & Tewari, J. C. (1985) Stability of Himalayan Climax oak forests in view of Resilience Hypothesis Env. Cons. pp. 73-75.
[15]	Toole, V. K. & Borthwick, M. A. (1968) The photo-reaction controlling seed germination in Eragrostis Currula. Plant Cell Phytol. 9: 125-136.
[16]	Troup, R. S. (1921) The silviculture of Indian trees. Vol. I-III. Oxford at the Glarendon Press. 1195p.
[17]	Upreti, N. (1982) A study on phytosociology and state of regeneration of oak forests at Naini Tal. Ph.D. Thesis, Kumaun University, Naini Tal. 481p.

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Sanjay Kumar, Lalit M. Tewari. (2013). Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(3), 91-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13

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Sanjay Kumar; Lalit M. Tewari. Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(3), 91-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13

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Sanjay Kumar, Lalit M. Tewari. Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(3):91-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13,
  author = {Sanjay Kumar and Lalit M. Tewari},
  title = {Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {91-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130103.13},
  abstract = {The studies on plant demography hold a considerable significance in plant ecology. Natural regeneration of different plant species through seeds depend primarily upon seed production, germination capacity of seeds and successful establishment of seedling. Successful regeneration of tree species might be considered to be a function of three major components; ability to initiate new seedlings, ability of seedlings and saplings to survive and ability of seedlings and saplings to grow. Several environmental stresses are known to affect the seedling growth but water stress isbelieved to be a major one. The canopy density and soil conditions also affect the growth of seedling.This study comprises three study sites located at29o 22’ N latitudes and 79o 29’ E longitudes along an elevation transect of 350 – 2500 m in Kumaun Himalaya. This region has certain characteristic climatic features. Though it falls under sub-tropical latitude, the abrupt rise in mountains creates a temperature comparable to that of a temperate climate. The seedling dynamics were studied at sal forest, banj oak forest and chir pine forest. For the computation of seedling mortalityand other characteristics, 2x2m permanent quadrats wereestablished in sal, chir-pine and banj oak forest. A total of 12 quadrats were placed in the stand (3 quadrats in each site). To record the mortality of the seedlings, all the seedlings of the year 2008 present in twelve quadrats in each forest were tagged. Their mortality was observed monthly from January 2009 – December 2009. Results show that mortality was very low (20%) at sal forest as compared to banj oak forest (25%) and chir pine forest (35%). The chir pine forest was heavily affected by human disturbance. So the seedling population was more affected if compared to two other sites. Since the biotic stress was negligible there was very little mortality during the study period in banj oak and sal forest suggesting that if biotic stress and natural disturbance is minimum, the rapid regeneration of Q. leucotrichophora and S. robusta would be possible.Current study provides information on the seedling dynamics in three forests types in the Kumaun Himalaya. Results show seedling mortality was very low (20%) at sal forest if compared to banj oak forest (25%) and chir pine forest (35%) so the rapid regeneration of Q. leucotrichophora and S. robusta would be possible.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.
AU - Sanjay Kumar
AU - Lalit M. Tewari
Y1 - 2013/06/20
PY - 2013
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13
T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP - 91
EP - 94
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7667
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13
AB - The studies on plant demography hold a considerable significance in plant ecology. Natural regeneration of different plant species through seeds depend primarily upon seed production, germination capacity of seeds and successful establishment of seedling. Successful regeneration of tree species might be considered to be a function of three major components; ability to initiate new seedlings, ability of seedlings and saplings to survive and ability of seedlings and saplings to grow. Several environmental stresses are known to affect the seedling growth but water stress isbelieved to be a major one. The canopy density and soil conditions also affect the growth of seedling.This study comprises three study sites located at29o 22’ N latitudes and 79o 29’ E longitudes along an elevation transect of 350 – 2500 m in Kumaun Himalaya. This region has certain characteristic climatic features. Though it falls under sub-tropical latitude, the abrupt rise in mountains creates a temperature comparable to that of a temperate climate. The seedling dynamics were studied at sal forest, banj oak forest and chir pine forest. For the computation of seedling mortalityand other characteristics, 2x2m permanent quadrats wereestablished in sal, chir-pine and banj oak forest. A total of 12 quadrats were placed in the stand (3 quadrats in each site). To record the mortality of the seedlings, all the seedlings of the year 2008 present in twelve quadrats in each forest were tagged. Their mortality was observed monthly from January 2009 – December 2009. Results show that mortality was very low (20%) at sal forest as compared to banj oak forest (25%) and chir pine forest (35%). The chir pine forest was heavily affected by human disturbance. So the seedling population was more affected if compared to two other sites. Since the biotic stress was negligible there was very little mortality during the study period in banj oak and sal forest suggesting that if biotic stress and natural disturbance is minimum, the rapid regeneration of Q. leucotrichophora and S. robusta would be possible.Current study provides information on the seedling dynamics in three forests types in the Kumaun Himalaya. Results show seedling mortality was very low (20%) at sal forest if compared to banj oak forest (25%) and chir pine forest (35%) so the rapid regeneration of Q. leucotrichophora and S. robusta would be possible.
VL - 1
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Sanjay Kumar

Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital-263002
Lalit M. Tewari

Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital-263002

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Sanjay Kumar, Lalit M. Tewari. (2013). Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(3), 91-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13

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Sanjay Kumar; Lalit M. Tewari. Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(3), 91-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13

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AMA Style

Sanjay Kumar, Lalit M. Tewari. Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(3):91-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13,
  author = {Sanjay Kumar and Lalit M. Tewari},
  title = {Seedling Mortality in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus, Pinus Roxburghii D. Don and Shorea Robusta Gaertn Forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India.},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {91-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130103.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130103.13},
  abstract = {The studies on plant demography hold a considerable significance in plant ecology. Natural regeneration of different plant species through seeds depend primarily upon seed production, germination capacity of seeds and successful establishment of seedling. Successful regeneration of tree species might be considered to be a function of three major components; ability to initiate new seedlings, ability of seedlings and saplings to survive and ability of seedlings and saplings to grow. Several environmental stresses are known to affect the seedling growth but water stress isbelieved to be a major one. The canopy density and soil conditions also affect the growth of seedling.This study comprises three study sites located at29o 22’ N latitudes and 79o 29’ E longitudes along an elevation transect of 350 – 2500 m in Kumaun Himalaya. This region has certain characteristic climatic features. Though it falls under sub-tropical latitude, the abrupt rise in mountains creates a temperature comparable to that of a temperate climate. The seedling dynamics were studied at sal forest, banj oak forest and chir pine forest. For the computation of seedling mortalityand other characteristics, 2x2m permanent quadrats wereestablished in sal, chir-pine and banj oak forest. A total of 12 quadrats were placed in the stand (3 quadrats in each site). To record the mortality of the seedlings, all the seedlings of the year 2008 present in twelve quadrats in each forest were tagged. Their mortality was observed monthly from January 2009 – December 2009. Results show that mortality was very low (20%) at sal forest as compared to banj oak forest (25%) and chir pine forest (35%). The chir pine forest was heavily affected by human disturbance. So the seedling population was more affected if compared to two other sites. Since the biotic stress was negligible there was very little mortality during the study period in banj oak and sal forest suggesting that if biotic stress and natural disturbance is minimum, the rapid regeneration of Q. leucotrichophora and S. robusta would be possible.Current study provides information on the seedling dynamics in three forests types in the Kumaun Himalaya. Results show seedling mortality was very low (20%) at sal forest if compared to banj oak forest (25%) and chir pine forest (35%) so the rapid regeneration of Q. leucotrichophora and S. robusta would be possible.},
 year = {2013}
}

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