An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants

Raed Bashitialshaaer; Magnus Larson; Kenneth M Persson

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19

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An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants

Raed Bashitialshaaer, Magnus Larson, Kenneth M Persson

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 11 November 2013 Accepted: Published: 10 December 2013

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Abstract

An experiment was performed in water resources engineering department laboratory at Lund University of Sweden to investigate the behavior of inclined negatively buoyant jets. Such jets arise when brine is discharged from desalination plants and improved knowledge of their behavior is required for designing discharge systems that cause a minimum of environmental impact on the receiving waters. In the present study, a turbulent jet with a specific salinity was discharged through a circular nozzle at an angle to the horizontal into a tank with fresh water and the spatial evolution of the jet was recorded. In total, 72 experimental cases were carried out where four different initial jet parameters were changed, namely the nozzle diameter, the initial jet inclination, the jet density (or salinity), and the flow rate (or exit velocity). The measurements of the jet evolution in the tank included five geometric quantities describing the jet trajectory that are useful in the design of brine discharge systems. From the data analysis some geometric quantities describing the jet trajectory showed strong correlations. Also, the results confirmed that the new relationships between the parameters can develop the current knowledge for the new plan to design desalination plants outfall. Thus, if the vertical and horizontal distance to the maximum centerline level (or, alternatively, the maximum jet edge level) can be predicted, other geometric quantities can be calculated from the regression relationships that were developed.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19
Page(s)	176-182
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Desalination, Lab-Scale Experiment, Turbulent Jet, Negative Buoyancy, Brine Modeling

References

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[8]	Roberts, P.J.W., Toms, G. (1987). Inclined dense jets in flowing current. J. Hydraulic Eng. 113(3), 323–341.
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[10]	Roberts, P.J.W., Ferrier, A., Daviero, G. (1997). Mixing in inclined dense jets. J. Hydraulic Eng. 123(8), 693–699.
[11]	Zhang, H., Baddour, R.E. (1998). Maximum penetration of vertical round dense jets at small and large Froude numbers. J. Hyd. Eng., ASCE 124 (5) 550–553, Technical Note No. 12147.
[12]	Zeitoun, M.A., Reid, R.O., McHilhenny, W.F., Mitchell, T.M. (1972). Model studies of outfall systems for desalination plants. Office of Saline Water Research and Develop. Progress Rep. 804. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Washington DC.
[13]	Cipollina, A., Brucato, A., Grisafi, F., Nicosia, S. (2005). Bench scale investigation of inclined dense jets. J. Hydraulic Eng. 131(11), 1017–1022.
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[16]	Jirka, G.H. (2008), Improved discharge configuration forbrine effluents from desalination plants. J. Hydr. Eng, 134 (1), 116-120.
[17]	Christodoulou, G.C., Papakonstantis, I.G. (2010), Simplified estimates of trajectory of inclined negatively buoyant jets, in "Environmental Hydraulics", Taylor & Francis, London, 165-170.
[18]	Ferrari, S., Querzoli, G. (2010), Mixing and re-entrainment in a negatively buoyant jet, J. Hydr. Res, 48(5), 632-640.
[19]	Papakonstantis, I.G., Christodoulou, G.C., Papanicolaou, P.N. (2011). Inclined negatively buoyant jets 1 – Geometrical characteristics, J. Hydr. Res. 49 (1) 3-12.
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APA Style

Raed Bashitialshaaer, Magnus Larson, Kenneth M Persson. (2013). An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2(6), 176-182. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19

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ACS Style

Raed Bashitialshaaer; Magnus Larson; Kenneth M Persson. An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2013, 2(6), 176-182. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19

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AMA Style

Raed Bashitialshaaer, Magnus Larson, Kenneth M Persson. An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants. Am J Environ Prot. 2013;2(6):176-182. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19,
  author = {Raed Bashitialshaaer and Magnus Larson and Kenneth M Persson},
  title = {An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {176-182},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20130206.19},
  abstract = {An experiment was performed in water resources engineering department laboratory at Lund University of Sweden to investigate the behavior of inclined negatively buoyant jets. Such jets arise when brine is discharged from desalination plants and improved knowledge of their behavior is required for designing discharge systems that cause a minimum of environmental impact on the receiving waters. In the present study, a turbulent jet with a specific salinity was discharged through a circular nozzle at an angle to the horizontal into a tank with fresh water and the spatial evolution of the jet was recorded. In total, 72 experimental cases were carried out where four different initial jet parameters were changed, namely the nozzle diameter, the initial jet inclination, the jet density (or salinity), and the flow rate (or exit velocity). The measurements of the jet evolution in the tank included five geometric quantities describing the jet trajectory that are useful in the design of brine discharge systems. From the data analysis some geometric quantities describing the jet trajectory showed strong correlations. Also, the results confirmed that the new relationships between the parameters can develop the current knowledge for the new plan to design desalination plants outfall. Thus, if the vertical and horizontal distance to the maximum centerline level (or, alternatively, the maximum jet edge level) can be predicted, other geometric quantities can be calculated from the regression relationships that were developed.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants
AU  - Raed Bashitialshaaer
AU  - Magnus Larson
AU  - Kenneth M Persson
Y1  - 2013/12/10
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 176
EP  - 182
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19
AB  - An experiment was performed in water resources engineering department laboratory at Lund University of Sweden to investigate the behavior of inclined negatively buoyant jets. Such jets arise when brine is discharged from desalination plants and improved knowledge of their behavior is required for designing discharge systems that cause a minimum of environmental impact on the receiving waters. In the present study, a turbulent jet with a specific salinity was discharged through a circular nozzle at an angle to the horizontal into a tank with fresh water and the spatial evolution of the jet was recorded. In total, 72 experimental cases were carried out where four different initial jet parameters were changed, namely the nozzle diameter, the initial jet inclination, the jet density (or salinity), and the flow rate (or exit velocity). The measurements of the jet evolution in the tank included five geometric quantities describing the jet trajectory that are useful in the design of brine discharge systems. From the data analysis some geometric quantities describing the jet trajectory showed strong correlations. Also, the results confirmed that the new relationships between the parameters can develop the current knowledge for the new plan to design desalination plants outfall. Thus, if the vertical and horizontal distance to the maximum centerline level (or, alternatively, the maximum jet edge level) can be predicted, other geometric quantities can be calculated from the regression relationships that were developed.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Raed Bashitialshaaer

Department of Water Res. Eng., Lund University-LTH, Box 118; SE-221 00 LUND-Sweden
Magnus Larson

Department of Water Res. Eng., Lund University-LTH, Box 118; SE-221 00 LUND-Sweden
Kenneth M Persson

Department of Water Res. Eng., Lund University-LTH, Box 118; SE-221 00 LUND-Sweden

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APA Style

Raed Bashitialshaaer, Magnus Larson, Kenneth M Persson. (2013). An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2(6), 176-182. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19

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ACS Style

Raed Bashitialshaaer; Magnus Larson; Kenneth M Persson. An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2013, 2(6), 176-182. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19

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AMA Style

Raed Bashitialshaaer, Magnus Larson, Kenneth M Persson. An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants. Am J Environ Prot. 2013;2(6):176-182. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19,
  author = {Raed Bashitialshaaer and Magnus Larson and Kenneth M Persson},
  title = {An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {176-182},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20130206.19},
  abstract = {An experiment was performed in water resources engineering department laboratory at Lund University of Sweden to investigate the behavior of inclined negatively buoyant jets. Such jets arise when brine is discharged from desalination plants and improved knowledge of their behavior is required for designing discharge systems that cause a minimum of environmental impact on the receiving waters. In the present study, a turbulent jet with a specific salinity was discharged through a circular nozzle at an angle to the horizontal into a tank with fresh water and the spatial evolution of the jet was recorded. In total, 72 experimental cases were carried out where four different initial jet parameters were changed, namely the nozzle diameter, the initial jet inclination, the jet density (or salinity), and the flow rate (or exit velocity). The measurements of the jet evolution in the tank included five geometric quantities describing the jet trajectory that are useful in the design of brine discharge systems. From the data analysis some geometric quantities describing the jet trajectory showed strong correlations. Also, the results confirmed that the new relationships between the parameters can develop the current knowledge for the new plan to design desalination plants outfall. Thus, if the vertical and horizontal distance to the maximum centerline level (or, alternatively, the maximum jet edge level) can be predicted, other geometric quantities can be calculated from the regression relationships that were developed.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Experimental Study to Improve the Design of Brine Discharge from Desalination Plants
AU  - Raed Bashitialshaaer
AU  - Magnus Larson
AU  - Kenneth M Persson
Y1  - 2013/12/10
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 176
EP  - 182
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20130206.19
AB  - An experiment was performed in water resources engineering department laboratory at Lund University of Sweden to investigate the behavior of inclined negatively buoyant jets. Such jets arise when brine is discharged from desalination plants and improved knowledge of their behavior is required for designing discharge systems that cause a minimum of environmental impact on the receiving waters. In the present study, a turbulent jet with a specific salinity was discharged through a circular nozzle at an angle to the horizontal into a tank with fresh water and the spatial evolution of the jet was recorded. In total, 72 experimental cases were carried out where four different initial jet parameters were changed, namely the nozzle diameter, the initial jet inclination, the jet density (or salinity), and the flow rate (or exit velocity). The measurements of the jet evolution in the tank included five geometric quantities describing the jet trajectory that are useful in the design of brine discharge systems. From the data analysis some geometric quantities describing the jet trajectory showed strong correlations. Also, the results confirmed that the new relationships between the parameters can develop the current knowledge for the new plan to design desalination plants outfall. Thus, if the vertical and horizontal distance to the maximum centerline level (or, alternatively, the maximum jet edge level) can be predicted, other geometric quantities can be calculated from the regression relationships that were developed.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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