| Peer-Reviewed

A Pilot Study of an Online Intelligent Environmental Observation System for Monitoring and Evaluating Public Health Hazard from Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants

Received: 10 April 2019    Accepted: 6 December 2019    Published: 24 December 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The overall aim of this research is the prevention of environmental risk and impact, through the establishment of a present-day environmental observatory centre, equipped with an intelligent monitoring, management and evaluating system. Detecting the environmental pollutants in a timely manner (forecasting), potentially related to adverse health effects while their frequency appears to have increased, shall contribute crucially to avoiding or reducing further inhabitants’ exposure to pollutants in high environmental charging areas. A plurality of data will be collected and analyzed in the pilot Observatory. All these data will be gathered by measuring various environmental parameters (physicochemical, microbiological, ionized and not ionized radiation, dust, noise), a number of which will be transmitted wireless from small scale monitoring stations. The data base (territorial distribution of samples, number and frequency of sampling, analyze results, toxicity and risk indicators of environmental pollutants), will be enriched daily/weekly, with satellite data, meteorological data and satellite photographs (image analysis). With the collection, processing and analysis of measured values for various kinds of pollutants from environmental overloaded surfaces, useful conclusions are drawn regarding to the “pollution tendency” in every different area and the possible effects on human in combination with geography and geomorphology. With the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in human body simulators (whole body phantom models) we intend to make a more accurate qualitative and quantitative forecast: worst-best scenario, about as the life quality for residents -who may be exposed to the pollutants- as the direct or indirect medium to long-term adverse effects.

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 8, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajep.20190806.14
Page(s) 133-164
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Intelligent, Environmental, Observation, Health Hazard, Pollution

References
[1] Blades, E., Naidu, R. P., & Mathison, G. E. (1998). The microbiological analysis of Sahara dust and its association with asthma in Barbados. West Indian Med. J, 47 (suppl. 2), 34-5.
[2] Finkelman, R. B. (2019). The influence of clays on human health: A medical geology perspective. Clays and Clay Minerals, 67 (1), 1-6.
[3] Iturburu, F. G., Calderon, G., Amé, M. V., & Menone, M. L. (2019). Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) of pesticides from freshwater ecosystems in the Pampas region of Argentina: Legacy and current use chemicals contribution. Science of The Total Environment, 691, 476-482.
[4] Boone, J. S., Vigo, C., Boone, T., Byrne, C., Ferrario, J., Benson, R.,... & Glassmeyer, S. T. (2019). Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in source and treated drinking waters of the United States. Science of the Total Environment, 653, 359-369.
[5] Eleftheria Chalvatzaki, Thodoros Glytsos & Mihalis Lazaridis, A methodology for the determination of fugitive dust emissions from landfill sites, International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2015, Vol. 25, No. 5, 551–569.
[6] Ashok Kumar, Naveen K. Bellam, Anupma Sud, Performance of an industrial source complex model: Predicting long-term concentrations in an urban area, Environmental Progress 2004, Vol. 18. Issue 2, pp. 93-100.
[7] Victoria Aleksandropoulou & Mihalis Lazaridis, Development and application of a model (ExDoM) for calculating the respiratory tract dose and retention of particles under variable exposure conditions, Air Qual Atmos Health (2013) 6: 13–26.
[8] Simon D. Griffiths et al., A study of particulate emissions during 23 major industrial fires: Implications for human health, Environment International 2018, Vol. 112, pp. 310–323.
[9] K. Gyan et al., African dust clouds are associated with increased paediatric asthma accident and emergency admissions on the Caribbean island of Trinidad, Int J Biometeorol (2005) 49: pp. 371–376.
[10] Chiang C, Lai C, Chou P, Li Y, and Tu, Y 1999 ASIA - PACIFIC Conference on the Built Environment. The Study On The Comprehensive Indicators Of Indoor Environment Assessment For Occupants’ Health. (Taipei, Taiwan) pp 1–7.
[11] W H W Ibrahim1, E Marinie, J Yunus, N Asra and K Mohd Sukor, Air quality assessment on human well-being in the vicinity of quarry site, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 117 (2018) 012010.
[12] Athanasios Valavanidis Konstantinos Fiotakis and Thomais Vlachogianni, Airborne Particulate Matter and Human Health: Toxicological Assessment and Importance of Size and Composition of Particles, for Oxidative Damage and Carcinogenic Mechanisms, Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C (2008), 26: pp. 339–362.
[13] E. Burte et al., Association between air pollution and rhinitis incidence in two European cohort, Environment International 115 (2018) 257–266.
[14] Mauro Masiol, Roy M. Harrison, Aircraft engine exhaust emissions and other airport-related contributions to ambient air pollution: A review, Atmospheric Environment 95 (2014) 409-455.
[15] G. Valotto et al., Characterization and preliminary risk assessment of road dust collected in Venice airport (Italy), Journal of Geochemical Exploration 190 (2018) pp. 142–153.
[16] Chu et al., Observing System-Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Global monitoring of air pollution over land from the Earth Spectroradiometer (MODIS), J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 108 (D21), 4661 (2003).
[17] Oscar Alvear, Nicola Roberto Zema, Enrico Natalizio, and Carlos T. Calafate, Using UAV-Based Systems to Monitor Air Pollution in Areas with Poor Accessibility, Journal of Advanced Transportation Volume 2017, Article ID 8204353, 14 pages.
[18] N. S. Duzgoren-Aydin (2008), Health Effects of Atmospheric Particulates: A Medical Geology Perspective, Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C, 26: 1–39, 2008.
[19] L. M. Filimonova, A. V. ParshinV. A. Bychinskii, Air pollution assessment in the area of aluminum production by snow geochemical survey, Russian Meteorology and Hydrology October 2015, Volume 40, Issue 10, pp 691–698.
[20] Zhenxv Lan, Fengyuan Zhang, Jia Wang, Min Chen, Design and Implementation of a Dynamic Simulation System for Air Pollutant Diffusion - A Case Study of the Fangshan District, Beijing, China, J. Geol Geosci Volume 2 (1): 2018.
[21] D. Briggs et al., Mapping urban air pollution using GIS: a regression-based approach, Journal International Journal of Geographical Information Science Volume 11, 1997 - Issue 7.
[22] H. Catherine W. Skinner, The earth, source of health and hazards: An introduction to medical geology. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary, Sciences 2007; 35: 177–213.
[23] X. Peng et al. (2016), Influence of quarry mining dust on PM2.5 in a city adjacent to a limestone quarry: Seasonal characteristics and source contributions, Science of the Total Environment 550 (2016) pp. 940–949.
[24] Inmaculada Menendez et al., (2017) Saharan dust and the impact on adult and elderly allergic patients: the effect of threshold values in the northern sector of Gran Canaria, Spain, International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2017 VOL. 27, NO. 2, 144–160.
[25] Yong Zha, Jay Gao, Jianjun Jiang, Heng Lu & Jiazhu Huang, Normalized difference haze index: a new spectral index for monitoring urban air pollution. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 33, No. 1, 10 January 2012, pp. 309–321.
[26] L. Risom et al., Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by particulate air pollution, Mutation Research 592 (2005) pp. 119–137.
[27] C. A. Pope III, R. T. Burnett, M. J. Thun, E. E. Calle, D. Krewski, K. Ito, G. D. Thurston, Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution, JAMA 287 (2002) pp. 1132–1141.
[28] B. Brunekreef, S. T. Holgate, Air pollution and health, Lancet 360 (2002) pp. 1233–1242.
[29] T Bellander et al., Using geographic information systems to assess individual historical exposure to air pollution from traffic and house heating in Stockholm, Environmental Health Perspectives VOLUME 109 | NUMBER 6 | June 2001.
[30] S. L. Penn et al., Modeling variability in air pollution-related health damages from individual airport emissions, Environmental Research 156 (2017) pp. 791–800.
[31] Jerrett, M. et al. (2009), Long-term ozone exposure and mortality. New Engl. J. Med. 360 (11), 1085–1095.
[32] Colin Wong and Rachel Wyles, Mapping concentrations of airborne matter to quantify the fugitive emissions discharge rate from a landfill, Greenhouse Gas Measurement & Management 2 | 2012 | 50–60.
[33] E. N. Papadakis et. Al., A pesticide monitoring survey in rivers and lakes of northern Greece and its human and ecotoxicological risk assessment, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 116 (2015) 1–9.
[34] Tengku Ibrahim, F. Othman and N. Z. Mahmood, Assessment of water quality of Sembilang River receiving effluent from controlled municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in Selangor, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 210 (2017) 012019.
[35] Ujianti, R. M. D., Anggoro, S., Bambang, A. N., & Purwanti, F. (2018, May). Water quality of the Garang River, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia based on the government regulation standard. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1025, No. 1, p. 012037). IOP Publishing.
[36] A. Allahyar and M. R. Sabour M R (2014), Multi-response optimization of Fenton process for applicability assessment in landfill leachate treatment, Waste Management 34 2528-2536.
[37] Abunama, T., Othman, F., Alslaibi, T., & Abualqumboz, M. (2017). Quantifying the Generated and Percolated Leachate through a Landfill's Lining System in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 26 (6).
[38] D. L. Jones, K. L. Williamson and A. G. Owen (2006), Phytoremediation of landfill leachate, Waste Management 26 825-837.
[39] T. Eggen, M. Moeder and A. Arukwe (2010), Municipal landfill leachates: A significant source for new and emerging pollutants, Science of the Total Environment 408 5147-5157.
[40] A. Fernandes, M. J. Pacheco, L. Ciriaco and A. Lopes (2015), Review on the electrochemical processes for the treatment of sanitary landfill leachates: Present and future, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 176-7 183-200.
[41] Muhammad Umar, H. Abdul Aziz and M. S. Yusoff (2010), Variability of parameters involved in leachate pollution index and determination of LPI from four landfills in Malaysia, International Journal of Chemical Engineering 1-6.
[42] N. Yusof, A. Haraguchi, M. A. Hassan, M. R. Othman, M. Wakisaka and Y. Shiraj (2009), Measuring organic carbon, nutrients and heavy metals in rivers receiving leachate from controlled and uncontrolled municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, Waste Management 2666-2680.
[43] Jiang M, Zeng G, Zhang C, Ma X, Chen M, et al. (2013), Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Surrounding Soils and Surface Sediments in Xiawangang River, Qingshuitang District, PLoS ONE 8 (8): e71176.
[44] Pradip Kumar Maurya and D. S. Malik (2018), Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tissues of selected fish species from Ganga river, India, and risk assessment for human health, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment.
[45] C. D. Kassotis et al., Characterization of Missouri surface waters near point sources of pollution reveals potential novel atmospheric route of exposure for bisphenol A and wastewater hormonal activity pattern, Science of the Total Environment 524–525 (2015) 384–393.
[46] Krishna Woli, Toshiyuki Nagumo Ryusuke Hatano, Magnitude of Nitrogen Pollution in Stream Water due to Intensive Livestock Farming Practices, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 48 (6): 883-887.
[47] Stavroula Galanopoulou, Andreas Vgenopoulos, Nikolaos Conispoliatis, DDTs and other chlorinated organic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls pollution in the surface sediments of Keratsini harbour, Saronikos gulf, Greece, Marine Pollution Bulletin Volume 50, Issue 5, May 2005, Pages 520-525.
[48] I. K. Konstantinou et al., The status of pesticide pollution in surface waters (rivers and lakes) of Greece. Part I. Review on occurrence and levels, Environmental Pollution 141 (2006) 555e570.
[49] K. E. Murray et al. (2010), Prioritizing research for trace pollutants and emerging contaminants in the freshwater environment, Environmental Pollution 158 (2010) 3462e3471.
[50] M. J. Martı΄nez Bueno et al., Pilot survey of chemical contaminants from industrial and human activities in river waters of Spain, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. Vol. 90, Nos. 3–6, 15 March–15 May 2010, 321–343.
[51] M. Gustavsson et al., Pesticide mixtures in the Swedish streams: Environmental risks, contributions of individual compounds and consequences of single-substance oriented risk mitigation, Science of the Total Environment 598 (2017) pp. 973–983.
[52] Jens Hartmann et al., A Brief Overview of the GLObal RIver Chemistry Database, GLORICH, Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 10 (2014) 23-27.
[53] Michael Hendryx, Jamison Conley, Evan Fedorko, Juhua Luo and Matthew Armistead (2012), Permitted water pollution discharges and population cancer and non-cancer mortality: toxicity weights and upstream discharge effects in US rural-urban areas, Hendryx et al. International Journal of Health Geographics 2012, 11: 9.
[54] C. Aydinalp, E. A. Fitz Patrick, and M. S. Cresser, Heavy Metal Pollution in Some Soil and Water Resources of Bursa Province, Turkey, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36: pp. 1691–1716, 2005.
[55] X. Gao et al., Hydrological controls on nitrogen (ammonium versus nitrate) fluxes from river to coast in a subtropical region: Observation and modeling, Journal of Environmental Management 213 (2018) 382e391.
[56] Anna Jurado, Enric Vàzquez-Suñéa, Jesus Carrera, Miren López de Alda, Estanislao Pujades, Damià Barceló, Emerging organic contaminants in groundwater in Spain: A review of sources, recent occurrence and fate in a European context, Science of The Total Environment Volume 440, 1 December 2012, Pages 82-94.
[57] Biplob Das, Rick Nordin, Asit Mazumder, Watershed land use as a determinant of metal concentrations in freshwater systems, Environmental Geochemistry and Health December 2009, Volume 31, Issue 6, pp 595–607.
[58] A. Schaeffer, H. Hollert, H. T. Ratte, M. Ross-Nickoll, J. Filser, M. Matthies, J. Oehlmann, M. Scheringer, R. Schulz, A. Seitz, An indispensable asset at risk: merits and needs of chemicals-related environmental sciences, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 16 (2009) 410–413.
[59] R. Meffe, I. de Bustamante, Emerging contaminants in surface water and groundwater: a first overview of the situation in Italy, Sci. Total Environ. 481 (2014) 280–295.
[60] B. Petrie, R. Barden, B. Kasprzyk-Hordern, A review on emerging contaminants in wastewaters and the environment: current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring, Water Res. 71 (2015) 3–27.
[61] M. Stuart, D. Lapworth, E. Crane, A. Hart, Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater, Sci. Total Environ. 416 (2012) 1–21.
[62] R. W. Masters, I. M. Verstraeten, T. Heberer, Fate and transport of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds during ground water recharge, Ground Water Monit. Remediat. 24 (2004) 54–57.
[63] L. Lamastra et al., Inclusion of emerging organic contaminants in groundwater monitoring plans, Methods X 3 (2016) pp. 459–476.
[64] X. Y. Miao, J. J. Yang, C. D. Metcalfe, Carbamazepine and its metabolites in wastewater and in biosolids in a municipal wastewater treatment plant, Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (19) (2005) 7469–7475.
[65] M. Zafar and B. J. Alappat, Landfill Surface Runoff and Its Effect on Water Quality on River Yamuna, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH Part A—Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering Vol. A39, No. 2, pp. 375–384, 2004.
[66] Fakayode, S. O. (2005), Impact assessment of industrial effluent on water quality of the receiving Alaro river in Ibadan Nigeria, AJEAM-RAGEE 10: 1-13.
[67] Kanu, Ijeoma and Achi, O. K. (2011), Industrial Effluents and Their Impact on Water Quality of Receiving Rivers in Nigeria¸ Journal of Applied Technology in Environmental Sanitation, 1 (1): 75-86.
[68] Lucrezia Lamastra, Matteo Balderacchi, Marco Trevisan, Inclusion of emerging organic contaminants in groundwater monitoring plans, MethodsX Volume 3, 2016, Pages 459-476.
[69] Nubi, O. A. 1 Osibanjo, O. Nubi, A. T. 2008 Impact assessment of dumpsite leachate on the qualities of surface water and sediment of river Eku, Ona-Ara local government, Oyo State, Nigeria. Science World Journal 3 (3): 17-20.
[70] Udiba U. U., Gauje Balli, Ashade N. O., Ade-Ajayi F. A., Okezie V. C., Aji B. M. and Agboun T. D. T., An assessment of the heavy metal status of River Galma around Dakace industrial layout, Zaria, Nigeria, Merit Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology (ISSN: 2350-2266) Vol. 2 (8) pp. 176-184, November, 2014.
[71] Udiba U. U., Anyanwu Stella, Gauje Balli, Dawaki S. I., Oddy-Obi I. C., Agboun T. D. T. Toxicity Potential of Allium cepa L. as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Pollution Status of River Galma Basin Around Dakace Industrial Layout, Zaria, Nigeria, International Journal of Biological Sciences and Applications 2015; 2 (6): 76-85.
[72] D. Yu et al., Modeling increased riverine nitrogen export: Source tracking and integrated watershed-coast management, Marine Pollution Bulletin 101 (2015) 642–652.
[73] F. Riva et al., Monitoring emerging contaminants in the drinking water of Milan and assessment of the human risk, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 221 (2018) 451–457.
[74] S. T. Glassmeyer et al., Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States, Science of the Total Environment 581-582 (2017) pp. 909–922.
[75] Christina I. Nannou, Christina I. Kosma and Triantafyllos A. Albanis, Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in surface waters: analytical method development and environmental risk assessment, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 14th Symposium on Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides, Ioannina, Greece (18–21 September 2014).
[76] J. Robles-Molina, F. J. Lara-Ortega, B. Gilbert-López, J. F. García-Reyes and A. Molina-Díaz, J. Chromatogr, Multi-residue method for the determination of over 400 priority and emerging pollutants in water and wastewater by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography A Volume 1350, 11 July 2014, Pages 30-43 A 1350, 30 (2014).
[77] Cupit M, Larsson O, de Meeûs C, Eduljee GH, Hutton MC., Assessment and management of risks arising from exposure to cadmium in fertilisers - I, / The Science of the Total Environment 291 (2002) 167–187.
[78] Zhongmin Jia1, Siyue Li & Li Wang, Assessment of soil heavy metals for eco-environment and human health in a rapidly urbanization area of the upper Yangtze Basin, SCIEnTIfIC Reports | (2018) 8: 3256 | DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21569-6.
[79] Olivier Núñez et al., Association between heavy metal and metalloid levels in topsoil and cancer mortality in Spain, Environ Sci Pollut Res (2017) 24: 7413–7421.
[80] Rosemary et al., Concentrations of Trace Metals in Selected Land Uses of a Dry Zone Soil Catena of Sri Lanka, Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 25 (4): 512-522 (2014).
[81] Nisreen Tamimi, Dörte Diehl, Mohand Njoum, Amer Marei, Gabriele E. Schaumann, Effects of olive mill wastewater disposal on soil: Interaction mechanisms during different seasons, J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 64, 2016, 2, 176–195.
[82] L. R. Lado et al., Heavy metals in European soils: A geostatistical analysis of the FOREGS Geochemical database, Geoderma 148 (2008) 189–199.
[83] G. Tóth et al., Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety, Environment International 88 (2016) 299–309.
[84] P. Saikkonen, Knowledge Production and Polluted Soil in Urban Planning: The Case of Helsinki, Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 2015 Vol. 17, No. 5, 538–552.
[85] Alamdar et al. Organochlorine pesticides in surface soils from obsolete pesticide dumping ground in Hyderabad City, Pakistan: Contamination levels and their potential for air–soil exchange, Science of the Total Environment 470–471 (2014) 733–741.
[86] G. Shi et al. Potentially toxic metal contamination of urban soils and roadside dust in Shanghai, China, Environmental Pollution 156 (2008) 251–260.
[87] Viacheslav Vasenev, Yakov Kuzyakov, Urban soils as hot spots of anthropogenic carbon accumulation: Review of stocks, mechanisms and driving factors, Land Degrad Dev. 2018; 29: 1607–1622.
[88] Peter W. Abrahams, Soil, geography and human disease: a critical review of the importance of medical cartography, Progress in Physical Geography 30, 4 (2006) pp. 490–512.
[89] E. C. Brevik and T. J. Sauer, The past, present, and future of soils and human health studies, SOIL, 1, 35–46, 2015, www.soil-journal.net/1/35/2015/.
[90] A. Moretto, C. Colosio, The role of pesticide exposure in the genesis of Parkinson’s disease: Epidemiological studies and experimental data, Toxicology 307 (2013) 24–34.
[91] A. Gebrekidan et al., Toxicological assessment of heavy metals accumulated in vegetables and fruits grown in Ginfel river near Sheba Tannery, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 95 (2013) 171–178.
[92] M. T. Baltazar et al., Pesticides exposure as etiological factors of Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases—A mechanistic approach, Toxicology Letters 230 (2014) 85–103.
[93] Sharon K. Sagiv et al., Prenatal Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Traits Related to Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Population Living in Proximity to Agriculture, Environmental Health Perspectives 047012, 2018.
[94] A. Dabass et al., Systemic inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular disease and acute and chronic exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) among US NHANES adults with metabolic syndrome, Environmental Research 161 (2018) 485–491.
[95] C. R. García-García et al., Occupational pesticide exposure and adverse health effects at the clinical, hematological and biochemical level, Life Sciences 145 (2016) 274–283.
[96] L. S. Engel et al., Insecticide Use and Breast Cancer Risk among Farmers’ Wives in the Agricultural Health Study, Environ Health Perspect. 2017 Sep; 125 (9): 097002.
[97] Louis et al., A prospective study of cancer risk among Agricultural Health Study farm spouses associated with personal use of organochlorine insecticides, Environmental Health (2017) 16: 95.
[98] Ming Ye1, Jeremy Beach, Jonathan W. Martin, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan Χ, Pesticide exposures and respiratory health in general populations, Journal of Environmental Sciences 5 1 (2017) 361-370.
[99] C. Piccoli et al., Pesticide exposure and thyroid function in an agricultural population in Brazil, Environmental Research 151 (2016) 389–398.
[100] J. F. Lebov et al., Pesticide exposure and end-stage renal disease risk among wives of pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study, Environmental Research 143 (2015) 198–210.
[101] A. Gómez-Martín et al., Polymorphisms of pesticide-metabolizing genes in children living in intensive farming communities, Chemosphere 139 (2015) 534–540.
[102] Χ Rupali Das, Andrea Steege, Sherry Baron, John Beckman & Robert Harrison, (2001) Pesticide-related Illness among Migrant Farm Workers in the United States, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 7: 4, 303-312.
[103] S. Mostafalou, M. Abdollahi, Pesticides and human chronic diseases: Evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 268 (2013) 157–177.
[104] A. C. Edwards et al., Farmyards, an overlooked source for highly contaminated runoff, Journal of Environmental Management 87 (2008) 551–559.
[105] Senkayi et al., Investigation of an association between childhood leukemia incidences and airports in Texas, Atmospheric Pollution Research (APR) 5 (2014), 189-195.
[106] C. L. Callahan et al., Lifetime exposure to ambient air pollution and methylation of tumor suppressor genes in breast tumors, Environmental Research 161 (2018) 418–424.
[107] S. Singh et al., Influence of CYP2C9, GSTM1, GSTT1 and NAT2 genetic polymorphisms on DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides, Mutation Research 741 (2012) 101–108.
[108] W. Hu et al., Heavy metals in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems along Yellow Sea of China: Levels, transfer and health risk, Chemosphere 167 (2017) 82e90.
[109] G. Ding et al., Increased levels of 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine are attributable to organophosphate pesticide exposure among young children, Environmental Pollution 167 (2012) 110e114.
[110] A. Saad-Hussein et al., GSTP1 and XRCC1 polymorphisms and DNA damage in agricultural workers exposed to pesticides, Mutat Res Gen Tox En 819 (2017) 20–25.
[111] M. S. El-Shahawi et al., An overview on the accumulation, distribution, transformations, toxicity and analytical methods for the monitoring of persistent organic pollutants, Talanta 80 (2010) 1587–1597.
[112] Ramasamy Rajamanickam, S. Nagan, Assessment of Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index of Kurichi Industrial Cluster, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India – a Case Study, Journal of Ecological Engineering Volume 19, Issue 1, January 2018, pages 191–199.
[113] J. S. Horsburgh et al., Components of an environmental observatory information system, Computers & Geosciences 37 (2011) 207–218.
[114] Keller et al., A Unified Spatiotemporal Modeling Approach for Predicting Concentrations of Multiple Air Pollutants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution, Environmental Health Perspectives volume 123 | number 4 | April 2015.
[115] Kumar et al., The rise of low-cost sensing for managing air pollution in cities, Environment International 75, 2015, 199–205.
[116] G. Hoek et al., A review of land-use regression models to assess spatial variation of outdoor air pollution, Atmospheric Environment 42 (2008) 7561–7578.
[117] Ozgur Kisi, Kulwinder Singh Parmar, Application of least square support vector machine and multivariate adaptive regression spline models in long term prediction of river water pollution, Journal of Hydrology Volume 534, March 2016, Pages 104-112.
[118] G. Prud’homme et al., Comparison of remote sensing and fixed-site monitoring approaches for examining air pollution and health in a national study population, Atmospheric Environment 80 (2013) 161e171.
[119] Tamás Fráter et al., Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Environmental Monitoring—An Efficient Way for Remote Sensing, Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A 4 (2015) 85-91.
[120] Ozgur Kisi, Kulwinder Singh Parmar, Kirti Soni, Vahdettin Demir, Modeling of air pollutants using least square support vector regression, multivariate adaptive regression spline, and M5 model tree models, Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health September 2017, Volume 10, Issue 7, pp 873–883.
[121] Arshia Chander et al., A new eye in the sky: Eco-drones, Environmental Development Volume 7, July 2013, Pages 155-164.
[122] G. Di Stefano et al., The Lusi drone: A multi-disciplinary tool to access extreme environments Marine and Petroleum Geology 90 (2018) 26e37.
[123] José I. Suárez et al., Bluetooth Electronic Nose for Odour Monitoring and Control, Chemical Engineering transactions, Vol. 68, 2018.
[124] N. Castell et al., Can commercial low-cost sensor platforms contribute to air quality monitoring and exposure estimates?, Environment International 99 (2017) 293–302.
[125] A. Moreno-Rangel et al., Field evaluation of a low-cost indoor air quality monitor to quantify exposure to pollutants in residential environments, Journal of Sensors Sensor Systems, 7, 373–388, 2018.
[126] World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 2018, Low-cost sensors for the measurement of atmospheric composition: overview of topic and future applications, World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
[127] Stanislaw Anweiler, Dawid Piwowarski, Multicopter platform prototype for environmental monitoring, Journal of Cleaner Production Volume 155, Part 1, 1 July 2017, Pages 204-211.
[128] Schwela, Dieter. 2012. Review of urban air quality in Sub-Saharan Africa region - air quality profile of SSA countries (English). Washington, DC: World Bank.
[129] Prashant Kumar et al., The rise of low-cost sensing for managing air pollution in cities, Environ. Int. 2015 Feb; 75, 199–205.
[130] K. S. Adu-Manu et al., Water Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks: Current Trends and Future Research Directions, Trans. Sensor Netw. 00, 00, Article 000 (2016).
[131] M. Pule et al., Wireless sensor networks: A survey on monito-ring water quality, Journal of Applied Research and Technology 15 (2017) 562–570.
[132] Christopher J. Paciorek and Yang Liu, Assessment and Statistical Modeling of the Relationship Between Remotely Sensed Aerosol Optical Depth and PM2.5 in the Eastern United States, 2012 HEI Research Report 167.
[133] I Maccà et al. (2008), Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in physiotherapy departments. Radiation protection dosimetry, 128 (2), 180-190.
[134] Gryz K. Zradziński, P. & Karpowicz J, (2015), The role of the location of personal exposimeters on the human body in their use for assessing exposure to the electromagnetic field in the radiofrequency range 98–2450 MHz and compliance analysis: evaluation by virtual measurements. BioMed research international, 2015.
[135] Shah S. G. S., & Farrow A. (2014), Systematic literature review of adverse reproductive outcomes associated with physiotherapists' occupational exposures to non-ionising radiation. Journal of occupational health, 56 (5), 323-331.
[136] Karpowicz J. & Gryz K. (2013), An assessment of hazards caused by electromagnetic interaction on humans present near short-wave physiotherapeutic devices of various types including hazards for users of electronic active implantable medical devices (AIMD). BioMed research international, 2013.
[137] Gryz K. & Krapowicz J. (2014), Environmental impact of the use of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in physiotherapeutic treatment. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 65 (1).
[138] C. Koutsojannis et al, Microwave diathermy in physiotherapy: Introduction and evaluation of a quality control procedure, Radiation Protection Dosimetry (2018), Vol. 181, No. 3, pp. 229–239.
[139] Stacy Eltiti et al. (2007), Does Short-Term Exposure to Mobile Phone Base Station Signals Increase Symptoms in Individuals Who Report Sensitivity to Electromagnetic Fields? A Double-Blind Randomized Provocation Study, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 115, No. 11.
[140] Sabine J. Regel et al. (2006), UMTS Base Station-like Exposure, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance, Environmental Health Perspectives, 114 (8): 1270–1275.
[141] P. C. Huang et al., Association between media coverage and prevalence of idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic field in Taiwan, Environmental Research 161 (2018) 329–335.
[142] Aaron Reuben; Avshalom Caspi, Daniel W. Belsky, et al (2017), Association of Childhood Blood Lead Levels With Cognitive Function and Socioeconomic Status at Age 38 Years and With IQ Change and Socioeconomic Mobility Between Childhood and Adulthood, Jama Psychiatric 2017; 317 (12): 1244-1251.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Vasilis Kanellopoulos, Andreas Andrikopoulos, Constantinos Koutsojannis. (2019). A Pilot Study of an Online Intelligent Environmental Observation System for Monitoring and Evaluating Public Health Hazard from Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 8(6), 133-164. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20190806.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Vasilis Kanellopoulos; Andreas Andrikopoulos; Constantinos Koutsojannis. A Pilot Study of an Online Intelligent Environmental Observation System for Monitoring and Evaluating Public Health Hazard from Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2019, 8(6), 133-164. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20190806.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Vasilis Kanellopoulos, Andreas Andrikopoulos, Constantinos Koutsojannis. A Pilot Study of an Online Intelligent Environmental Observation System for Monitoring and Evaluating Public Health Hazard from Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants. Am J Environ Prot. 2019;8(6):133-164. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20190806.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajep.20190806.14,
      author = {Vasilis Kanellopoulos and Andreas Andrikopoulos and Constantinos Koutsojannis},
      title = {A Pilot Study of an Online Intelligent Environmental Observation System for Monitoring and Evaluating Public Health Hazard from Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
      volume = {8},
      number = {6},
      pages = {133-164},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20190806.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20190806.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20190806.14},
      abstract = {The overall aim of this research is the prevention of environmental risk and impact, through the establishment of a present-day environmental observatory centre, equipped with an intelligent monitoring, management and evaluating system. Detecting the environmental pollutants in a timely manner (forecasting), potentially related to adverse health effects while their frequency appears to have increased, shall contribute crucially to avoiding or reducing further inhabitants’ exposure to pollutants in high environmental charging areas. A plurality of data will be collected and analyzed in the pilot Observatory. All these data will be gathered by measuring various environmental parameters (physicochemical, microbiological, ionized and not ionized radiation, dust, noise), a number of which will be transmitted wireless from small scale monitoring stations. The data base (territorial distribution of samples, number and frequency of sampling, analyze results, toxicity and risk indicators of environmental pollutants), will be enriched daily/weekly, with satellite data, meteorological data and satellite photographs (image analysis). With the collection, processing and analysis of measured values for various kinds of pollutants from environmental overloaded surfaces, useful conclusions are drawn regarding to the “pollution tendency” in every different area and the possible effects on human in combination with geography and geomorphology. With the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in human body simulators (whole body phantom models) we intend to make a more accurate qualitative and quantitative forecast: worst-best scenario, about as the life quality for residents -who may be exposed to the pollutants- as the direct or indirect medium to long-term adverse effects.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - A Pilot Study of an Online Intelligent Environmental Observation System for Monitoring and Evaluating Public Health Hazard from Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants
    AU  - Vasilis Kanellopoulos
    AU  - Andreas Andrikopoulos
    AU  - Constantinos Koutsojannis
    Y1  - 2019/12/24
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20190806.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20190806.14
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    SP  - 133
    EP  - 164
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5699
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20190806.14
    AB  - The overall aim of this research is the prevention of environmental risk and impact, through the establishment of a present-day environmental observatory centre, equipped with an intelligent monitoring, management and evaluating system. Detecting the environmental pollutants in a timely manner (forecasting), potentially related to adverse health effects while their frequency appears to have increased, shall contribute crucially to avoiding or reducing further inhabitants’ exposure to pollutants in high environmental charging areas. A plurality of data will be collected and analyzed in the pilot Observatory. All these data will be gathered by measuring various environmental parameters (physicochemical, microbiological, ionized and not ionized radiation, dust, noise), a number of which will be transmitted wireless from small scale monitoring stations. The data base (territorial distribution of samples, number and frequency of sampling, analyze results, toxicity and risk indicators of environmental pollutants), will be enriched daily/weekly, with satellite data, meteorological data and satellite photographs (image analysis). With the collection, processing and analysis of measured values for various kinds of pollutants from environmental overloaded surfaces, useful conclusions are drawn regarding to the “pollution tendency” in every different area and the possible effects on human in combination with geography and geomorphology. With the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in human body simulators (whole body phantom models) we intend to make a more accurate qualitative and quantitative forecast: worst-best scenario, about as the life quality for residents -who may be exposed to the pollutants- as the direct or indirect medium to long-term adverse effects.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Health Physics & Computational Intelligence Lab, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

  • Health Physics & Computational Intelligence Lab, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

  • Health Physics & Computational Intelligence Lab, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

  • Sections