International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering

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The Impact of Capacitor Coupled Sub-Station in Rural Electrification of Sub-Saharan Africa

Received: 10 November 2014    Accepted: 13 November 2014    Published: 27 December 2014
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Abstract

The overall electricity access rate is still very low in most sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The rate is even lower in rural areas where most of the population in these countries lives. One of the main obstacles to rural electrification (RE) is the high cost of laying the distribution infrastructure owing to the dispersed nature of loads and low demand. Thus, electrifying the rural areas needs to be considered holistically and not just on the financial viability. To reduce cost, it is important that un-conventional rural electrification (URE) technologies, which are cheaper than the conventional ones be explored. This paper investigates the adoptability and maximum penetration level of sub-station based URE i.e. Capacitor Coupled Sub-station (CCS) technologies in power transmission networks with regard to voltage quality, stability, and capacity constraints without steady and transient state voltage violation. Quantitative data collected from practical power transmission lines in Kenya were used for empirical and analytical approaches developed in this research. The paper developed a method of determining maximum allowable penetration level of CCS without steady state voltage violation derived from a modified distributed generation analogy. The method was based on determination of voltage sensitivities from linearized power system model. Consequently, this method was used to validate repetitive power flow simulations carried out in the case studies.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2015040201.12
Published in International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2015)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Power Systems Operation and Planning

Page(s) 12-29
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Capacitor Coupled Sub-Station, Un-Conventional Rural Electrification, Distributed Generation, Penetration Level

References
[1] Bolduc, L., Bouchard, and Beaulieu, G., “Capacitor divider substation,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 1202-1209, July 1997.
[2] Barnes D.F and Foley G. (2004): Rural Electrification in the developing world: A Summary of successful programs.Joint UNDP/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) World Bank, Washington DC.
[3] Gaunt C.T (2005):HV SWER and Single phase systems CIGRE SC-C6 working group (Coll 2005) ...IWD Topic E2.
[4] Zomers A.N. (2003):The Challenges of rural electrification. Energy for sustainable development Vol VII No 1 (2003).
[5] Barnes D.F, (2007): The challenge of Rural Electrification: Strategies for developing countries. (Vol 1 pp1-18) Washington DC: Resource for the future.
[6] Saulo, M.J., Gaunt C.T., and Mbogho, M.S., (2012): Optimum Penetration level of un-conventional sub-station on a power transmission network. Proceedings of the 1st Applied Research Conference in Africa. 29th – 31st August 2012 Elmina, Ghana.
[7] Pasand, M.S., Aghazadeh, R., (2003).Capacitive Voltage Substations Ferro resonance Prevention using power electronics devices International conference on power system transients- IPST 2003 in New Orleans.
[8] Schilder, M., Britten A.C., Mathebula M.E., Singh A., (2005): Eskom Experience with On-Site Field Tests of Capacitive Coupled Substation. IEEE PES 2005 Conference and Exposition in Africa Durban, July 2005.
[9] Sarmiento, H.G., De la Rosa F., Carrillo, V., and Villar J., (1990): Solving Electric Energy Supply to Rural areas: The Capacitor Voltage Divider. IEEE Transaction on power delivery, Vol 5, No 1, January 1990.
[10] Raphalalani, T.V., Ijumba N.M., Jimoh, A.A., (2000): Capacitive Divider System for feeding a distribution network from an EHV line. Powercon 2000 Lusaka.
[11] Kothari, D.P., Nagrath, I.J., (2006): Modern Power System Analysis Mc Graw Hill, 2006.
[12] Kenya Power and Lightning Co.Ltd and ministry of Energy (KPLC), 2009 Update of Kenya’s least cost power Development plan 2009-2029.
[13] Ayres, H.M., Freitas, W., De Almeida M. C., Da Silva, L.C.P., (2010): Methods for determining the Maximum Allowable Penetration Level of Distributed Generation without steady-state voltage violation IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution 2010 Vol 4, pp495-508.
[14] Jinfu, C., Rongqi, F., Xianzhaong, D, Jingliana, C., (2006): Penetration level optimization for DG considering reliable action of relay protection device constraints. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems vol 17, No3 2006.
[15] Morren Johan, De Haan., and Sjoerd W.H., “Maximum Penetration level of Distributed generation without violating voltage limits”.In Proc.2006 Power Engineering Society General Meeting7PP357
[16] Nan Jiang, JianrongGong.DeqiangGan “Computing the maximum Penetration level of Distributed Generators in Distribution network by taking into account harmonic constraints”Automation of electric power system systems vol 31pp19-23 2007
Author Information
  • Electrical Department, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya

  • Electrical Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

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  • APA Style

    Michael Juma Saulo, Charles Trevor Gaunt. (2014). The Impact of Capacitor Coupled Sub-Station in Rural Electrification of Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 4(2-1), 12-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2015040201.12

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    ACS Style

    Michael Juma Saulo; Charles Trevor Gaunt. The Impact of Capacitor Coupled Sub-Station in Rural Electrification of Sub-Saharan Africa. Int. J. Energy Power Eng. 2014, 4(2-1), 12-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2015040201.12

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    AMA Style

    Michael Juma Saulo, Charles Trevor Gaunt. The Impact of Capacitor Coupled Sub-Station in Rural Electrification of Sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Energy Power Eng. 2014;4(2-1):12-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2015040201.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2015040201.12,
      author = {Michael Juma Saulo and Charles Trevor Gaunt},
      title = {The Impact of Capacitor Coupled Sub-Station in Rural Electrification of Sub-Saharan Africa},
      journal = {International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2-1},
      pages = {12-29},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2015040201.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2015040201.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.s.2015040201.12},
      abstract = {The overall electricity access rate is still very low in most sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The rate is even lower in rural areas where most of the population in these countries lives. One of the main obstacles to rural electrification (RE) is the high cost of laying the distribution infrastructure owing to the dispersed nature of loads and low demand. Thus, electrifying the rural areas needs to be considered holistically and not just on the financial viability. To reduce cost, it is important that un-conventional rural electrification (URE) technologies, which are cheaper than the conventional ones be explored. This paper investigates the adoptability and maximum penetration level of sub-station based URE i.e. Capacitor Coupled Sub-station (CCS) technologies in power transmission networks with regard to voltage quality, stability, and capacity constraints without steady and transient state voltage violation. Quantitative data collected from practical power transmission lines in Kenya were used for empirical and analytical approaches developed in this research. The paper developed a method of determining maximum allowable penetration level of CCS without steady state voltage violation derived from a modified distributed generation analogy. The method was based on determination of voltage sensitivities from linearized power system model. Consequently, this method was used to validate repetitive power flow simulations carried out in the case studies.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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    AU  - Charles Trevor Gaunt
    Y1  - 2014/12/27
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    T2  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
    JF  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
    JO  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
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    AB  - The overall electricity access rate is still very low in most sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The rate is even lower in rural areas where most of the population in these countries lives. One of the main obstacles to rural electrification (RE) is the high cost of laying the distribution infrastructure owing to the dispersed nature of loads and low demand. Thus, electrifying the rural areas needs to be considered holistically and not just on the financial viability. To reduce cost, it is important that un-conventional rural electrification (URE) technologies, which are cheaper than the conventional ones be explored. This paper investigates the adoptability and maximum penetration level of sub-station based URE i.e. Capacitor Coupled Sub-station (CCS) technologies in power transmission networks with regard to voltage quality, stability, and capacity constraints without steady and transient state voltage violation. Quantitative data collected from practical power transmission lines in Kenya were used for empirical and analytical approaches developed in this research. The paper developed a method of determining maximum allowable penetration level of CCS without steady state voltage violation derived from a modified distributed generation analogy. The method was based on determination of voltage sensitivities from linearized power system model. Consequently, this method was used to validate repetitive power flow simulations carried out in the case studies.
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