Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods

Emmanuel Tete Okoh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods

Emmanuel Tete Okoh

Published in Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 15 May 2014 Accepted: 3 June 2014 Published: 20 June 2014

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Wood fibre properties (fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter), physical (oven-dry density) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to the grain) of four tropical hardwood species (Terminalia superba (Ofram) and Terminalia ivorensis (Emere), as currently threatened timber species and Quassia undulata ( Hotrohotro) and Recinodendron heudelotii(Wama) as lesser used timber species were investigated to measure and compare their timber properties as potential substitutes. Tree normal trees of each tree species were selected and log samples were cut at the middle portion of stem height to determine the properties. The study revealed that, the densities, compression parallel to grain, modulus of rapture and modulus of elasticity of Ofram and Hortrohotro were not significant, but that of Emere and Wama were significant. The modulus of elasticity of Emere was however not significant. Based on these findings Hortrohotro could be substituted for Ofram and Emere with Wama.

Published in	Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11
Page(s)	25-30
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fiber, Hardwood, Mechanical Properties, Lumen

References

[1]	A. J. Pan,shin, and C. de Zeeuw, Textbook of wood technology(4th ed.).1980. New York: McGraw-Hill
[2]	De Guth, E.B., (1980), Relationship between wood density and tree diameter in Pinus elliottii of Missiones Argentina. IUFRO Conf. Div. 5 Oxford, England. 1p (Summary).
[3]	ID Cave and JCF Walker, Stiffness of wood in fast grown plantation softwoods: the influence of microfibril angle. Forest Prod. J. 44(5), 43-48, 1994.
[4]	R.M. Roque, M.T. Filho, Relationships between anatomical features and intra-ring wood density proﬁles in Gmelina arborea applying x-ray densitometry. Cerne 13:384–392, 2007.
[5]	G. Nepveu, Croissance et qualite´ du bois de framire´. Evolution de la largeur de cerne et des composantes densitome´triques en fonction de l’age. Bois et Foreˆts des Tropiques 165: 39–58. 1976.
[6]	J.D. Brazier and R.S. Howell, The use of a breast height core for estimating selected whole tree properties of Sitka spruce. Forestry. 52(2), 177-185, 1979..
[7]	J.D. Brazier and R.S. Howell, The use of a breast height core for estimating selected whole tree properties of Sitka spruce. Forestry. 52(2), 177-185, 1979Cown, D.J, (1992) Core wood (Juvenile Wood) in Pinus radiata- should we be concerned? New Zealand J. Forestry Sci. 22(1), 87-95.
[8]	E.W.J. Philips, The inclination of the fibrils in the cell wall and its relation to the compression strength of timber. Empire Forestry J. 20, 74-78, 1941.
[9]	E.W.J. Philips, The inclination of the fibrils in the cell wall and its relation to the compression strength of timber. Empire Forestry J. 20, 74-78, 1941.
[10]	C, Harvald and P.O. Olesen, The variation of the basic density within the juvenile wood of Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis). Scand. J. Forest Res. 2, 525-537, 1987.
[11]	Cown, D.J, (1992) Core wood (Juvenile Wood) in Pinusradiata- should we be concerned? New Zealand J. Forestry Sci. 22(1), 87-95.
[12]	Schniewind, A.P., (1989). Concise encyclopedia of wood and wood-based materials. Pergamon Press. pp: 248.
[13]	G. Nepveu, Croissance et qualite´ du bois de framire´. Evolution de la largeur de cerne et des composantes densitome´triques en fonction de l’age. Bois et Foreˆts des Tropiques 165: 39–58, 1976.
[14]	A. J. Pan,shin, and C. de Zeeuw , C Desch, H.E. and Dinwoodie, J.M., (1996), Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use. MacMillan Press, London.
[15]	J.D. Brazier and R.S. Howell, The use of a breast height core for estimating selected whole tree properties of Sitka spruce. Forestry. 52(2), 177-185, 1979
[16]	Zhang, S.Y., (1997) Wood quality: its deﬁnition, impact and implications for value-added timber management and end uses. In Timber Management Toward Wood Quality and End-Product Value.
[17]	S.Y. Zhang, R. Gosselin and G. Chauret (eds). Proceedings of the CTIA/IUFRO International Wood Quality Workshop, Quebec City. Part I, pp. 17–39
[18]	K.W. Maun (1992), Sitka spruce for construction timber: the relationship between wood growth characteristics and machine grade yields of Sitka spruce. Forestry Commission Research Information Note No. 212. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh
[19]	Phongphaew, P., 2003. The commercial woods of Africa. Linden Publishing, Fresno, California, United States. 206 pp.
[20]	S. Dudek,, B. Förster, and, K. Klissenbauer, 1981. Lesser known Liberian timber species. Description of physical and mechanical properties, natural durability, treatability, workability and suggested uses. GTZ, Eschborn, Germany. 168 pp
[21]	H.G. Richter, and M.J. Dallwitz, Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. 2000. [Internet]. Version 18th October 2002. http://delta-intkey.com/wood/index.htm. Accessed May 2005.
[22]	S.Y. Zhang, R. Gosselin and G. Chauret (eds). Proceedings of the CTIA/IUFRO International Wood Quality Workshop, Quebec City. Part I, pp. 17–39.
[23]	S.Y. Zhang,, Effect of growth rate on wood speciﬁc gravity and selected mechanical properties from distinct wood categories. Wood Sci. Technol. 29, 451–465, 1995.
[24]	J.M. Dinwoodie, Timber Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use. 1996. MacMillan Press, London.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Emmanuel Tete Okoh. (2014). Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 3(3), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Emmanuel Tete Okoh. Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2014, 3(3), 25-30. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Emmanuel Tete Okoh. Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods. J Energy Nat Resour. 2014;3(3):25-30. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11,
  author = {Emmanuel Tete Okoh},
  title = {Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {25-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20140303.11},
  abstract = {Wood fibre properties (fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter), physical (oven-dry density) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to the grain) of four tropical hardwood species (Terminalia superba (Ofram) and Terminalia ivorensis (Emere), as currently threatened timber species and Quassia undulata ( Hotrohotro) and Recinodendron heudelotii(Wama) as lesser used timber species were investigated to measure and compare their timber properties as potential substitutes. Tree normal trees of each tree species were selected and log samples were cut at the middle portion of stem height to determine the properties. The study revealed that, the densities, compression parallel to grain, modulus of rapture and modulus of elasticity of Ofram and Hortrohotro were not significant, but that of Emere and Wama were significant. The modulus of elasticity of Emere was however not significant. Based on these findings Hortrohotro could be substituted for Ofram and Emere with Wama.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods
AU  - Emmanuel Tete Okoh
Y1  - 2014/06/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 25
EP  - 30
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11
AB  - Wood fibre properties (fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter), physical (oven-dry density) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to the grain) of four tropical hardwood species (Terminalia superba (Ofram) and Terminalia ivorensis (Emere), as currently threatened timber species and Quassia undulata ( Hotrohotro) and Recinodendron heudelotii(Wama) as lesser used timber species were investigated to measure and compare their timber properties as potential substitutes. Tree normal trees of each tree species were selected and log samples were cut at the middle portion of stem height to determine the properties. The study revealed that, the densities, compression parallel to grain, modulus of rapture and modulus of elasticity of Ofram and Hortrohotro were not significant, but that of Emere and Wama were significant. The modulus of elasticity of Emere was however not significant. Based on these findings Hortrohotro could be substituted for Ofram and Emere with Wama.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Emmanuel Tete Okoh

Department of Furniture Design and Production, Accra Polytechnic, P O Box GP 561, Accra, Ghana

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Emmanuel Tete Okoh. (2014). Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 3(3), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Emmanuel Tete Okoh. Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2014, 3(3), 25-30. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Emmanuel Tete Okoh. Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods. J Energy Nat Resour. 2014;3(3):25-30. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11,
  author = {Emmanuel Tete Okoh},
  title = {Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {25-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20140303.11},
  abstract = {Wood fibre properties (fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter), physical (oven-dry density) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to the grain) of four tropical hardwood species (Terminalia superba (Ofram) and Terminalia ivorensis (Emere), as currently threatened timber species and Quassia undulata ( Hotrohotro) and Recinodendron heudelotii(Wama) as lesser used timber species were investigated to measure and compare their timber properties as potential substitutes. Tree normal trees of each tree species were selected and log samples were cut at the middle portion of stem height to determine the properties. The study revealed that, the densities, compression parallel to grain, modulus of rapture and modulus of elasticity of Ofram and Hortrohotro were not significant, but that of Emere and Wama were significant. The modulus of elasticity of Emere was however not significant. Based on these findings Hortrohotro could be substituted for Ofram and Emere with Wama.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Fibre, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ghanaian Hardwoods
AU  - Emmanuel Tete Okoh
Y1  - 2014/06/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 25
EP  - 30
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20140303.11
AB  - Wood fibre properties (fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter), physical (oven-dry density) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to the grain) of four tropical hardwood species (Terminalia superba (Ofram) and Terminalia ivorensis (Emere), as currently threatened timber species and Quassia undulata ( Hotrohotro) and Recinodendron heudelotii(Wama) as lesser used timber species were investigated to measure and compare their timber properties as potential substitutes. Tree normal trees of each tree species were selected and log samples were cut at the middle portion of stem height to determine the properties. The study revealed that, the densities, compression parallel to grain, modulus of rapture and modulus of elasticity of Ofram and Hortrohotro were not significant, but that of Emere and Wama were significant. The modulus of elasticity of Emere was however not significant. Based on these findings Hortrohotro could be substituted for Ofram and Emere with Wama.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download